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Social production of welfare provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of the consumption of social services and the impact of welfare policies. It represents the unit of consumption as a unit of production of commodities. With the advent of disability this unit extends to the informal care network. Social care agencies become involved when the production of basic commodities, such as nutrition and personal care, fall below threshold levels which threaten the survival of the informal care network. (Abstract amended)

Malešević offers a novel sociological answer to the age-old question: 'Why do humans fight?'. Instead of focusing on the motivations of solitary individuals, he emphasises the centrality of the social and historical contexts that make fighting possible. He argues that fighting is not an individual attribute, but a social phenomenon shaped by one's relationships with other people. Drawing on recent scholarship across a variety of academic disciplines as well as his own interviews with the former combatants, Malešević shows that one's willingness to fight is a contextual phenomenon shaped by specific ideological and organisational logic. This book explores the role biology, psychology, economics, ideology, and coercion play in one's experience of fighting, emphasising the cultural and historical variability of combativeness. By drawing from numerous historical and contemporary examples from all over the world, Malešević demonstrates how social pugnacity is a relational and contextual phenomenon that possesses autonomous features.

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Editors' Introduction -- From Empathy to Intersubjectivity: The Phenomenological Approach -- Methodological and metaphysical issues -- Philosophy as a Fallible Science -- Back to Husserl. Reclaiming the Traditional Philosophical Context of the Phenomenological 'Problem' of the Other: Leibniz's "Monadology" -- Plural Absolutes? Husserl and Merleau-Ponty on Being-In-a-Shared-World and its Metaphysical Implications -- Egological Reduction and Intersubjective Reduction -- Pathological Reduction and Hermeneutics of the Normal and the Pathological: the Convergence between Merleau-Ponty and Canguilhem -- The experience of self and other -- Empathy, Intersubjectivity, and the World-Orienting Other -- Self: Temporality, Finitude and Intersubjectivity -- Towards Self-divided Subjectivity. Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenological- Ontological Theory of Intersubjectivity -- Phenomenology of the Inapparent and Michel Henry's Criticism of the Noematic Presentation of Alterity -- Perception, emotion, and trust -- Listening to Others: Music and the Phenomenology of Hearing -- (Un)learning to see others. Perception, Types, and Position-Taking in Husserl's Phenomenology -- Envy, Powerlessness, and the Feeling of Self-Worth -- Social Anxiety, Self-Consciousness, and Interpersonal Experience -- Trauma, Language, and Trust -- The social world: empathy, morality, and metapolitics -- Empathy, Sympathetic Respect, and the Foundations of Morality -- Tolerance: A Phenomenological Approach -- Anger, Hatred, Prejudice. An Aristotelian Perspective -- Habit, Attention and Affection: Husserlian Inflections -- Die äusserste Feindschaft: Heidegger, Anti-Judaism, and the War to End All Wars -- Heidegger's Metapolitics: Phenomenology, Metaphysics, and the Volk -- Index

This article discusses some aspects of state–NGO relationships in India at the central and local levels from 1947 onwards. It draws its analytical framework from studies which incorporate organizational complexities and characteristics, political, social, and economic realities, associational cultures of individual countries, and human agency in analysing state–NGO relationships. It examines the applicability to India of some propositions on state–NGO relationships which are found in the literature. The author argues that there are observable differences in state–NGO relationships in various localities; these are illustrated through a set of case studies of local state–NGO interactions in the context of housing and land policies for the urban poor. Despite these differences, however, the author argues that the relationship at the local level can be generally characterized by the hostility of politicians, party workers, local élites, lower level bureaucrats, and lower level employees of the state toward NGO activity.

"This book investigates the origins, current state, and fundamental value of social safety nets in developing countries, as well as their effectiveness in these settings. Social safety net programs (SSNPs) are critical because they keep those who are already vulnerable from falling deeper into poverty. Analysing how social safety nets benefit the most disadvantaged and marginalized members of society by allowing those in need to become financially stable, more resilient, and open up more opportunities for themselves, it shows that SSNs are a collection of social services designed to protect people from the effects of economic and emotional hardship. Showing that the purpose of the safety net is not to provide permanent financial security, but rather to provide temporary financial security during periodic shocks and how this applies in South Asia and also in parts of Africa, this book will be of interest to all scholars and students of social policy, sociology, social work and the global south politics more generally"--

In our currently used language, the word evidence represents the logical-mental operation by which we attempt to prove something, to demonstrate, to emphasize a certain statement which provides credibility to a particular situation. The institution of evidence in objective law was differently regulated in material law as opposed to procedural law, depending on the different factors which configured private law, but also in direct connection with the lawmaker's interest. Thus, the current Civil Code no longer contains regulations regarding evidence in antithesis with the 1864 Civil Code; however the institution is regulated in the new Civil Procedure Code, namely law no. 134/2010 regarding the Civil Procedure Code, which would later be republished with subsequent changes. As a consequence, the institution is currently studied in Civil Procedure Law, whereas, before this new regulation, it was studied within the general theory of Civil Law.

The aim of the study is to show the problems associated with identification of anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakiaandto suggest a methodological concept to address them. The research methodology is based on theoretical generalization of a multiannual core empirical research work. The scientific contribution is evident in the proposed methodological conception of searching for the phenomenon of anti-communist resistance in a specific historical area,not only in a connotation with the repressive measures taken by the regime, but especially in its share in the overall weakening of the regime and, eventually, its demise. The analytical core research would be "blind" and "deaf", if it wouldn't be framed by a synthesis. This suggests, in addition, the possibility of identifying the degree ofaccountability of the anti-communist resistance to the downfall of the regime, and thus the possible correction of the wording of Slovak Act No. 219/2006 on the Anti-Communist Resistance. The conclusions.The methodical concept of directing anti-communist resistance research indicated by the study enables understanding of the anti-communist resistance in a broader sense, including not only visibly organised anti-regime activities, but also a wide range of spontaneously emerging non-political activities.These activities gradually mutated, under the influence of a series of facts, into politicized manifestations of dissatisfactionsignificantly differentiated (so much so, that they could perceive each other as hostile). An opportunity to find out how the indicated resistance in all its wide-spectrum form had infiltrated into individual components and structures of the society and social groups, and thus significantly contributed to the weakening of the social base of the regime, offers itself. ; The aim of the study is to show the problems associated with identification of anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakiaandto suggest a methodological concept to address them. The research methodology is based on theoretical generalization of a multiannual core empirical research work. The scientific contribution is evident in the proposed methodological conception of searching for the phenomenon of anti-communist resistance in a specific historical area,not only in a connotation with the repressive measures taken by the regime, but especially in its share in the overall weakening of the regime and, eventually, its demise. The analytical core research would be "blind" and "deaf", if it wouldn't be framed by a synthesis. This suggests, in addition, the possibility of identifying the degree ofaccountability of the anti-communist resistance to the downfall of the regime, and thus the possible correction of the wording of Slovak Act No. 219/2006 on the Anti-Communist Resistance. The conclusions.The methodical concept of directing anti-communist resistance research indicated by the study enables understanding of the anti-communist resistance in a broader sense, including not only visibly organised anti-regime activities, but also a wide range of spontaneously emerging non-political activities.These activities gradually mutated, under the influence of a series of facts, into politicized manifestations of dissatisfactionsignificantly differentiated (so much so, that they could perceive each other as hostile). An opportunity to find out how the indicated resistance in all its wide-spectrum form had infiltrated into individual components and structures of the society and social groups, and thus significantly contributed to the weakening of the social base of the regime, offers itself.

The aim of the study is to show the problems associated with identification of anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakiaandto suggest a methodological concept to address them. The research methodology is based on theoretical generalization of a multiannual core empirical research work. The scientific contribution is evident in the proposed methodological conception of searching for the phenomenon of anti-communist resistance in a specific historical area,not only in a connotation with the repressive measures taken by the regime, but especially in its share in the overall weakening of the regime and, eventually, its demise. The analytical core research would be "blind" and "deaf", if it wouldn't be framed by a synthesis. This suggests, in addition, the possibility of identifying the degree ofaccountability of the anti-communist resistance to the downfall of the regime, and thus the possible correction of the wording of Slovak Act No. 219/2006 on the Anti-Communist Resistance. The conclusions.The methodical concept of directing anti-communist resistance research indicated by the study enables understanding of the anti-communist resistance in a broader sense, including not only visibly organised anti-regime activities, but also a wide range of spontaneously emerging non-political activities.These activities gradually mutated, under the influence of a series of facts, into politicized manifestations of dissatisfactionsignificantly differentiated (so much so, that they could perceive each other as hostile). An opportunity to find out how the indicated resistance in all its wide-spectrum form had infiltrated into individual components and structures of the society and social groups, and thus significantly contributed to the weakening of the social base of the regime, offers itself. ; The aim of the study is to show the problems associated with identification of anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakiaandto suggest a methodological concept to address them. The research methodology is based on theoretical generalization of a multiannual core empirical research work. The scientific contribution is evident in the proposed methodological conception of searching for the phenomenon of anti-communist resistance in a specific historical area,not only in a connotation with the repressive measures taken by the regime, but especially in its share in the overall weakening of the regime and, eventually, its demise. The analytical core research would be "blind" and "deaf", if it wouldn't be framed by a synthesis. This suggests, in addition, the possibility of identifying the degree ofaccountability of the anti-communist resistance to the downfall of the regime, and thus the possible correction of the wording of Slovak Act No. 219/2006 on the Anti-Communist Resistance. The conclusions.The methodical concept of directing anti-communist resistance research indicated by the study enables understanding of the anti-communist resistance in a broader sense, including not only visibly organised anti-regime activities, but also a wide range of spontaneously emerging non-political activities.These activities gradually mutated, under the influence of a series of facts, into politicized manifestations of dissatisfactionsignificantly differentiated (so much so, that they could perceive each other as hostile). An opportunity to find out how the indicated resistance in all its wide-spectrum form had infiltrated into individual components and structures of the society and social groups, and thus significantly contributed to the weakening of the social base of the regime, offers itself.

The aim of the study is to show the problems associated with identification of anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakiaandto suggest a methodological concept to address them. The research methodology is based on theoretical generalization of a multiannual core empirical research work. The scientific contribution is evident in the proposed methodological conception of searching for the phenomenon of anti-communist resistance in a specific historical area,not only in a connotation with the repressive measures taken by the regime, but especially in its share in the overall weakening of the regime and, eventually, its demise. The analytical core research would be "blind" and "deaf", if it wouldn't be framed by a synthesis. This suggests, in addition, the possibility of identifying the degree ofaccountability of the anti-communist resistance to the downfall of the regime, and thus the possible correction of the wording of Slovak Act No. 219/2006 on the Anti-Communist Resistance. The conclusions.The methodical concept of directing anti-communist resistance research indicated by the study enables understanding of the anti-communist resistance in a broader sense, including not only visibly organised anti-regime activities, but also a wide range of spontaneously emerging non-political activities.These activities gradually mutated, under the influence of a series of facts, into politicized manifestations of dissatisfactionsignificantly differentiated (so much so, that they could perceive each other as hostile). An opportunity to find out how the indicated resistance in all its wide-spectrum form had infiltrated into individual components and structures of the society and social groups, and thus significantly contributed to the weakening of the social base of the regime, offers itself. ; The aim of the study is to show the problems associated with identification of anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakiaandto suggest a methodological concept to address them. The research methodology is based on theoretical generalization of a multiannual core empirical research work. The scientific contribution is evident in the proposed methodological conception of searching for the phenomenon of anti-communist resistance in a specific historical area,not only in a connotation with the repressive measures taken by the regime, but especially in its share in the overall weakening of the regime and, eventually, its demise. The analytical core research would be "blind" and "deaf", if it wouldn't be framed by a synthesis. This suggests, in addition, the possibility of identifying the degree ofaccountability of the anti-communist resistance to the downfall of the regime, and thus the possible correction of the wording of Slovak Act No. 219/2006 on the Anti-Communist Resistance. The conclusions.The methodical concept of directing anti-communist resistance research indicated by the study enables understanding of the anti-communist resistance in a broader sense, including not only visibly organised anti-regime activities, but also a wide range of spontaneously emerging non-political activities.These activities gradually mutated, under the influence of a series of facts, into politicized manifestations of dissatisfactionsignificantly differentiated (so much so, that they could perceive each other as hostile). An opportunity to find out how the indicated resistance in all its wide-spectrum form had infiltrated into individual components and structures of the society and social groups, and thus significantly contributed to the weakening of the social base of the regime, offers itself.

Contents -- Abbreviations -- Contributors -- Introduction: Interdisciplinary Approach to Regional Cooperation in South Asia -- 1 Human Interaction in Space -- 2 Role of Infrastructural Networks on Cooperation and Development -- 3 Sustainability and Natural Resources -- 4 Institutional Issues -- 5 Conclusion -- Part I: Social and Economic Aspects in South Asia Interaction -- International Trade and Widening Wage Gap: A General Equilibrium Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Debate on the Cause of Widening Wage Gap: Trade vs. Technology -- 3 Role of International Trade: Recent Theoretical Explanations -- 4 Symmetric Widening of Wage Gap: Examples -- 4.1 Continuum of Stages of Production, Outsourcing and Widening Wage Gap -- 4.2 Tariff Reduction in a Generalized HOS Model -- 4.3 Tariff Reductions in 2 x 2 HOS Model: Role of Initial Level of Protection -- 4.4 Conversion of Quantitative Restrictions, Rent-Seeking and Wage Gap -- 5 Dimensions of Wage Gap in Developing Countries -- 5.1 Diversified Export Basket and Complementarity -- 5.2 Segmented Labour Markets and Informal Wage -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Causes and Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia -- 1 Investment, Cooperation and Development -- 2 Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia: An Overview -- 3 Effects and Causes of FDI in South Asia -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Migration Flows in South Asia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Causes and Factors of Migration -- 2.1 Types of Migration -- 2.2 Migrants Trend -- 2.3 Demographic Characteristics of Migrants -- 2.4 Remittances Inflow and Share of GDP -- 2.5 Projection of Remittance Flow -- 2.6 Uses of Remittances -- 2.7 Impact of Migration Flow -- 2.8 Demographic Impact -- 2.9 Social and Political Impact -- 2.10 Economic Impact -- 2.11 Detrimental Effects -- 3 Human Trafficking and Gender Violence -- 3.1 Migration Trap

Argues that the Charter leans towards a social democratic ideology and suffers from restrictive implications. Outlines an alternative vision of the EC based on individual freedom and decentralised political structures. (SJK)