Suchergebnisse

The influence of macroeconomic variables on aspects of business and the country's economy has been a subject of robust discussion. This study was conducted to identify the effect of macroeconomic variables, namely inflation rate, economic growth, exchange rate and share price, on listed companies in South Africa. The goal was to study the long run and short run effects of macroeconomic volatility on company performance because of the world's recent pandemic experience. To achieve this objective, the study applied the panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model on annual panel data from 2010 to 2020 to analyse the short run and long run effects of macroeconomic variables on a company's performance. The study results suggested a positive impact of economic growth, exchange rate and share price on asset returns, whilst a company's equity return is supported by economic growth and share price in the long run. The short run revealed that none of the independent variables has a sufficiently significant effect to influence a company's performance changes in the short run. Based on the findings, it was recommended that policymakers and economic authorities should introduce and implement strategies that favour and enhance the country's economic growth and stable exchange rate in order to improve company performance. Additionally, given that the company's short-run performance may highly depend on internal factors such as corporate governance, internal policies and business strategies, these decisions should be taken with precaution and a high level of professionalism.

The Trisakti Semanggi I and II (TSS) occurred in 1998 and 1999 during the reformation movement towards democracy upholding in Indonesia. Several students and people have been killed and injured in those days. The National Commission on Human Rights (KOMNAS HAM) has investigated the case and concluded that the case has a gross human rights violation aspect. The documents have reached the General Attorney of the Republic of Indonesia. However, there are obstacles faced by the victims and their families, the legal debate on whether the TSS can be classified as a gross violation of human rights or not. The Attorney General stated this doubt in their meeting with the Indonesian House of Representatives. The government's political will has been examined through the Indonesian Constitution in this matter. This article explores the burden of sufficient proof to conclude the gross human rights violation in the TSS case. Under the thorough independent investigation done by KPP HAM, the Trisakti Semanggi I and II (TSS) fulfills the elements of past gross violation of human rights known as a crime against humanity. The TSS case has met elements ruled under the ICTY and ICTR Statute 14, such as Article 7 of the Rome Statute 15. The article will also provide current discourse in a legal argument between national institutions regarding the case and what should be done afterward. The research uses a qualitative method with case studies related to the crimes against humanity at the national and international levels.

AbstractCitizenship is usually seen as a product of modern nation-states, or of other political entities which possess institutional infrastructures and political systems capable of producing a coherent framework that defines the relationship between that system and its members. In this paper, we show that an early system of modern citizenship was created in the absence of a formal state, notably by the cultural elite of a stateless nation. The Polish case illustrates that an elite may become a dominant class in the given society only later, and institutionalize that early citizenship system within the framework of a newly founded state. As a result of the legacy of the emergence of citizenship predating the restoration of statehood, the contemporary Polish citizenship model is influenced by a strong and largely overlooked cultural component that emerged at the turn of the 19th century. This model uses the figure of the intelligentsia member as its ideal citizen. Despite the dramatic political and economic changes in the decades which have passed since its emergence, this cultural frame, which was institutionalized during the interwar period, still defines the key features of the Polish citizenship model. Consequently, we argue that the culturalization of citizenship is hardly a new phenomenon. It can be seen as a primary mechanism in the formation of civic polities within the imperial context. Moreover, it shows that such processes can have many ambiguous aspects as far as their Orientalizing forces of exclusion are concerned.

Nowadays, the non-farm sector gives more attention and high expectations in reducing poverty in sub-Saharan African. Because participation of farm households in the none-farm sector out of their farm activities will play a great role to reduce poverty. Cross-sectional data were used to collect data in 2020 from farm household heads of 371 respondents with the mixed methodology to investigate the effect of demographic factors in none/off-farm economic activities on gender perspective in Ethiopia. In this study, we employ a Logistic regression model to explore the probabilities of household heads' participation in none/off-farm economic activities out of their farm. The result indicated, age and education level have a positive effect and statistically significant effect on increasing non-farm activities with the coefficients of 3.406, 1.956 respectively, confirmed that these variables should take into account in policy development to increase their impact on livelihood diversification. And Gender has a negatively significant on livelihood diversification. FHH is more participants in non-farm economic activities than MHH. Credit access does not contribute to increasing livelihood diversification instead; it contributes to agricultural specialization, not diversification. Surprisingly, family size has insignificant results in non-farm economic activities The outcome indicated it has its implications for the Ethiopian policy and strategy. The government should give more attention to the progressive aspects of non-farm economic activities to eradicate poverty. Whereas, decreasing its negative impact on poorer households by controlling obstacles of non-farm activities.

AbstractCare for the external and internal environment of the company, ethics and human resources, as well as the organizational culture, is a crucial element for the importance and competitive advantage of the company. It was especially noticeable during the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic. Companies began to grapple with difficulties, which contributed to an increased interest in crisis management competencies. The pandemic has permanently changed the functioning of society and the image of many industries, including public relations. The analysis of changes in the demand of companies for CSR‐related activities after the pandemic becomes a valuable element of the direction of innovative research. Recognizing the interest, these aspects of the company were verified. The article uses data obtained in the course of the implementation of three independent research projects realized in Poland. The first study concerned crisis management from the perspective of a public relations agencies. The structures of the offer of public relations services (including CSR strategies) were examined. The responses of some public relations specialists regarding CSR and activities in this area after the COVID‐19 pandemic were extracted from the second research project. The last, third project involved specialists employed in PR agencies. The research area covered changes in the demand of companies for CSR‐related activities after the pandemic and the desired areas of training and personal development, with particular emphasis on CSR. The common denominator of all three projects is CSR campaigns and the way they are implemented by PR specialists.

AbstractPeriods of recession and economic crisis pose great challenges to companies committed to quality of work and by extension to their human resources (HR) departments. The need for adjustments can be a great opportunity for the implementation of socially responsible labour practices for the wellbeing of employees and in line with sustainable development and sustainable development goals. This study analyses the effects of the interaction between different socially responsible human resource management labour practices on three variables of employee wellbeing: job satisfaction, job stress and trust in management. Prior to the application of various statistical models, a correlation analysis of labour practices is carried out. Two types of statistical models are used depending on the type of variable to be explained. The ordinal logit has been applied to variables 'trust in management' and 'level of job stress,' which are not continuous. And the linear regression model for the variable 'job satisfaction,' which is continuous. Based on the analysis of data from 1346 workers from the 2010 Quality of Life at Work Survey in Catalonia, the results show the effectiveness of the combination of applied practices related to personal quality of life aspects, such as work‐life balance, non‐discrimination or environmental workplace conditions, as a determining factor for generally increasing the wellbeing of employees in times of crisis. However, practices aimed at achieving greater employee involvement, are more effective when applied individually. The importance of job stability to increase employee wellbeing in times of crisis is to be highlighted.

Using the meta-empirical foundations of the transcendental approach to the study of perception, the author organizes and generalizes the theoretical and empirical data of modern foreign and domestic perceptual studies (about 1,000 sources) in the following areas: methodological and methodical aspects of the modern perceptual psychology; correlation of types of scientific rationality in the modern perceptual psychology; the process of perception as a special function of the psyche, etc. The paper identifies the core methodological and methodical trends in the development of the modern perceptual psychology: expanded requirements for the lack of bias, accuracy and reliability of experimental studies; ontologization of the research subject; complexity and crosscutting features of the research system; the active use of modern technological opportunities, including the renovation of classical research methods. The author substantiates the methodological necessity of a brand new resource for studying perception from the proper positions of meta-empirical foundations — a transcendental approach, in which the directly sensory process of perception is positioned as a process of form generation helping to distinguish the generative quality of this process and capture its diffe­rence from the structural qualities of other information processes. Against the modern trends in the positioning of perception as an auxiliary stage of latent representation and categorization of objects of the external world, the author shows the relevance and identifies the means of distinguishing perception as a special function of the psyche. The paper substantiates the transcendental type of scientific rationality, alternative to the epistemological paradigm of cognition.

This book explores the ordinary daily routines, behaviours, experiences and beliefs of the Scottish people during a period of immense political, social and economic change. It underlines the importance of the church in post-Reformation Scottish society, but also highlights aspects of everyday life that remained the same, or similar, notwithstanding the efforts of the kirk, employers and the state to alter behaviours and attitudes. Drawing upon and interrogating a range of primary sources, the authors create a richly coloured, highly-nuanced picture of the lives of ordinary Scots from birth through marriage to death. Analytical in approach, the coverage of topics is wide, ranging from the ways people made a living, through their non-work activities including reading, playing and relationships, to the ways they experienced illness and approached death. This volume: Provides a rich and finely nuanced social history of the period 1600-1800 Gets behind the politics of Union and Jacobitism, and the experience of agricultural and industrial 'revolution' Presents the scholarly expertise of its contributing authors in a accessible way Includes a guide to further reading indicating sources for further study

This report focuses on the civic aspects of video game play among youth. According to a 2006 survey, 58 percent of young people aged 15 to 25 were civically "disengaged," meaning that they participated in fewer than two types of either electoral activities (defined as voting, campaigning, etc.) or civic activities (for example, volunteering). Kahne and his coauthors are interested in what role video games may or may not play in this disengagement. Until now, most research in the field has considered how video games relate to children's aggression and to academic learning. Digital media scholars suggest, however, that other social outcomes also deserve attention. For example, as games become more social, some scholars argue that they can be important spheres in which to foster civic development. Others disagree, suggesting that games, along with other forms of Internet involvement, may in fact take time away from civic and political engagement. Drawing on data from the 2006 survey, the authors examine the relationship between video game play and civic development. They call for further research on teen gaming experiences so that we can understand and promote civic engagement through video games.

En este trabajo se presentan algunos aspectos del análisis weberiano sobre el medio rural. Se han tomado dos hilos conductores: 1) el valor explicativo que se otorga a los modos de vida y la organización del trabajo en la estructura agraria, y 2) la vinculación que existe entre ésta y la organización política. Se referirá, especialmente a cuatro textos de la obra temprana de Max Weber escritos entre 1892 y 1896. El propósito del trabajo ha sido reflexionar críticamente sobre el gran aporte de la sociología comprensiva a los estudios sociales agrarios. ; This article presents some aspects of the Weberian analysis of rural areas. It takes up two crosscutting issues: 1) the explanatory value given to ways of life and the organization of labor in the agrarian structure, and 2) the link between the former and political organization. The author refers particularly to four texts from Max Weber's early works, written between 1892 and 1896. The aim is to reflect critically on the great contribution comprehensive sociology makes to social agrarian studies. ; Fil: Nogueira, Maria Elena.

The "fiscal discipline" as a problem, is gaining force in the academic debate, political theorist and many countries, both developed and developing, since the rule of "fiscal balance" which is equal to zero fiscal deficit, was established as part central to achieving macroeconomic stability of the country, however, the idea of achieving fiscal balance, hidden aspects that highlight the remarkable economic fragility of Mexico. Under this idea is to describe some effects that restrict fiscal policy framed in fiscal restraint, which has an adverse effect on the demand and supply effectively. ; La "disciplina fiscal" como problema, está cobrando vigencia en el debate académico, teórico y político de muchos países, tanto desarrollados como en desarrollo; dado que la regla de "equilibrio fiscal" que es igual a déficit fiscal cero, se estableció como pieza central para lograr la estabilidad macroeconómica del país; no obstante, esa idea de alcanzar el equilibrio fiscal, oculta aspectos que ponen en evidencia la notable fragilidad económica de México. Bajo esta idea es que exponemos algunos efectos que restringen las finanzas públicas enmarcadas en la política de restricción del gasto público, la cual tiene un efecto adverso sobre la demanda y la oferta efectiva. Fiscal discipline: Fiscal policy limits for encourage development in Mexico Abstract The "fiscal discipline" as a problem, is gaining force in the academic debate, political theorist and many countries, both developed and developing, since the rule of "fiscal balance" which is equal to zero fiscal deficit, was established as part central to achieving macroeconomic stability of the country, however, the idea of achieving fiscal balance, hidden aspects that highlight the remarkable economic fragility of Mexico. Under this idea is to describe some effects that restrict fiscal policy framed in fiscal restraint, which has an adverse effect on the demand and supply effectively. Keywords: Fiscal Discipline, Fiscal Policy, Employment Development.

pp. 95-118 ; International audience ; The analysis of the migratory policies that point at the installation of rural colonies of European populations elaborated by the Mexican authorities in the 19th century allows an approach of the question of the nationalism that limits itself not at least to the speeches - that generated these policies - but it takes in consideration also the implementation of policies taken on a large scale big in order to construct to the wished nation. One of the essential aspects of the Mexican nationalism revealed by this approach is the importance of the territorial present puttings in all the projects of settling. These regames, which we can classify under three groups - strategic regames linked essentially to Tehuantepec's isthmus, economic regames due to the influence of the physiocrats and political regames linked to the model at the time proposed of citizenship, are omnipresent in the select region and the one who uses us as laboratory: the State of Veracruz, region that was also the laboratory of experimentation of the Mexican nation. The implementation of the politics of settling also allows to study the functioning of called federalism and centralism affirmed in the constitutions, topic that we study in the moment of two periods: the Reform and during Maximiliano's Empire. ; L'analyse des politiques migratoires visant à l'installation de colonies rurales de populations européennes élaborées et mises en oeuvre par les autorités mexicaines au XIXème siècle permet une approche de la question du nationalisme qui ne se limite pas seulement aux discours construits - qui ont d'ailleurs généré ces politiques - mais qui prend en compte aussi les moyens mobilisés pour la construction de la nation désirée, les obstacles rencontrés et les adaptations qui ont été nécessaires. L'un des aspects essentiels du nationalisme mexicain révélé par cette approche est l'importance des enjeux territoriaux présents tant dans la phase d'élaboration des projets de colonisation que dans celle de leur mise ...

Notice thèse accessible sur : http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0045 ; International audience ; During the second half of the 20th century, attempts were made to operationally redefine various social activities, including those related to science, the military, administration and industry. These attempts were aided by scientific and technical innovations developed in the Second World War, and subsequently by the increase in use of automation in various domains. This Ph.D. thesis addresses these attempts from a sociohistorical perspective, focusing on the specific case of archaeology. During this period, the domain of archaeology underwent a process of disciplinarisation and professionalisation. The same occurred in applied mathematics and then computer science: this thesis focuses on the relationships between these three domains. In France, during the 1950's and 1960's, there were significant methodological and conceptual innovations. Their subsequent scientific recognition, was, however, relatively minor. In archaeology, innovations related to applied mathematics and automatics did not lead to the emergence of an archaeological speciality based on computation. This situation was in striking contrast to what happened in other scientific domains and in archaeology in other countries, where new theoretical and methodological Anglophone definitions in 'New Archaeology' were spreading worldwide. This thesis explores three collective attempts to redefine the conceptual and methodological basis of archaeology, led by Georges Laplace, Jean-Claude Gardin and Jean Lesage, across France, Spain and Italy. These cases are completed by other people who had significant careers in both engineering and archaeology. In general, this thesis studies a scientific activity by investigating the cognitive and social aspects of peoples' methodological contributions. Three models of the relationships between experts in a scientific domain and experts in an applied science (here mathematics and computing) are empirically identified and described. The effects of introducing mathematical and automation procedures on the division of labour and the distribution of recognition are analysed. The success or failure of the methodological propositions are discussed with reference to several factors and models of scientific innovation. This thesis generates new information on the development of rescue and preventive archaeology and on the use of digital technologies in human sciences. The analysis draws on 82 interviews, 23 archives and several bibliometric datasets (extracted from pre-existing databases or constructed for the purpose of this research). Mirroring the archaeological propositions under study, this research also intends to illustrate the possible use of computing and formalised procedures in social sciences. The documentation and demonstrative principles underlying this work, implemented by using Wiki, the methods of literate programming and reproducible research, are themselves analysed. ; La seconde moitié du XXe siècle donna lieu à un accroissement des tentatives de redéfinir en termes opérationnels divers domaines de l'activité sociale tant scientifique, militaire, administratif ou industriel. Ces tentatives tirèrent parti des innovations scientifiques et techniques de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, puis de la généralisation de l'automatique. Cette thèse en propose une sociologie historique, menée à partir du cas particulier de l'archéologie. Ce domaine scientifique fait alors l'objet d'efforts accrus de disciplinarisation et de professionnalisation. C'est également le cas des mathématiques appliquées puis de l'informatique : cette étude porte précisément sur les rapports établis à l'intersection de ces trois domaines. En France, au cours des années 1950 et 1960, les innovations méthodologiques et conceptuelles y ont été particulièrement importantes. Pourtant, par la suite, leur réception s'est révélée relativement mineure. En archéologie, les innovations relatives aux mathématiques appliquées, à la formalisation du langage et à l'automatique n'ont pas donné lieu au développement d'une spécialité fondée sur le calcul. Cette situation contraste avec celle d'autres disciplines ou d'autres pays, et ceci alors même que les redéfinitions théoriques et méthodologiques de la « New Archaeology » anglophone se diffusaient à l'échelle internationale. La thèse explore les cas de trois entreprises collectives, menées respectivement autour de Georges Laplace, Jean-Claude Gardin et Jean Lesage, entre France, Espagne et Italie. Ces cas sont complétés par ceux d'un ensemble d'acteurs ayant été à la fois ingénieurs et archéologues. D'un point de vue général, cette étude porte sur les statuts cognitifs et sociaux des contributions méthodologiques dans l'activité scientifique. Trois modèles de relations entre spécialistes d'un domaine scientifique et spécialistes des sciences formelles sont identifiés et décrits. Les transformations entraînées par l'introduction des mathématiques et de l'automatique dans la division du travail et la distribution des formes de reconnaissance sont analysées. La réception de ces propositions méthodologiques est discutée à l'aune de différents facteurs et modèles de l'innovation scientifique. Ce sont, au final, des éclairages nouveaux sur le développement de l'archéologie de sauvetage puis préventive et sur la genèse des recours aux technologies « numériques » en sciences de l'homme qui sont proposés. L'analyse tire parti de 82 entretiens, 23 fonds d'archives et de plusieurs jeux de données bibliométriques (pré-existants ou constitués pour cette étude). En écho aux travaux pris pour objets, cette thèse entend également être une proposition et une illustration d'un usage possible de la formalisation et de l'informatique en sciences sociales. Fondées sur l'emploi d'un wiki et les principes de la programmation lettrée et de la reproductibilité des analyses, les architectures documentaire et démonstrative de cette étude font elles-mêmes l'objet d'une analyse.

What are you drawn to like, to watch, or even to binge? What are you free to consume, and what do you become through consumption? These questions of desire and value, Kathryn Lofton argues, are questions for the study of religion. In eleven essays exploring soap and office cubicles, Britney Spears and the Kardashians, corporate culture and Goldman Sachs, Lofton shows the conceptual levers of religion in thinking about social modes of encounter, use, and longing. Wherever we see people articulate their dreams of and for the world, wherever we see those dreams organized into protocols, images, manuals, and contracts, we glimpse what the word "religion" allows us to describe and understand.

Volunteer Activism Influence Political Attitudes and Behavior? In this chapter, we propose a reflection on the relationship between volunteering and political participation. We will ask ourselves whether the specific traits that characterize volunteer engagement in various forms, individual or associative networks, interpersonal links, and the cultures that develop through these activities can influence political attitudes and different forms of political participation. In recent years, Italian citizens have scarcely harboured positive feelings toward politics but have rather exhibited indifference and often anger toward parties and representative institutions. Their willingness to participate has not diminished, 14 has rather taken on other forms quite different from the parties themselves (volunteering, associations, movements). These tendencies had already begun manifesting themselves in Italy in the 1980s with the growth of volunteer commitment at a social, individual, or group level. The weight of social volunteering, oriented to the production of public goods, has increased in the last 20 years, while the influence of political parties has been reduced, and the forms of citizens' participation have been transformed. In general, a considerable amount of research indicates a significant relationship between volunteering and political participation. However, the relationship can take several different forms and meanings depending upon the type of association to which the volunteers are linked and the possible ways of expressing political participation. On the other hand, a hypothesis may also be put forth that volunteering and political commitment are both influenced by the same social conditions of the volunteers as well as by the territorial contexts in which they operate. Based on the survey results of the Istat Aspects of Daily Life (ADL) of 2013, this chapter shows proofs of a socialisation effects of volunteering on political skills and behaviour, reducing inequalities in political participation. ...