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International audience ; Tracking down traces of war in territories where no physical confrontation, or even almost no violence took place was a particularly challenging task. It has forced researchers invested in this enterprise to invent or reinvent sources, to reread them with a different perspective, to develop other themes such as the history of representations, history of emotions or history of memory, to show, in short, imagination more than usual. The issue of this collective work of which this text is the conclusion meant to emphasize one aspect of the recent analysis of conflicts: that of the "culture of war". The richness of the investigation, however, shows that this concept is not limited to an exclusively cultural history, but is as much a political, social, military, economic, which can easily dialog with political science or sociology ; Traquer les traces d'une guerre sur des territoires où aucune confrontation physique, voire même aucune violence ou presque n'a eu lieu était une tâche particulièrement ambitieuse. Elle a obligé les chercheurs investis dans cette entreprise à inventer ou réinventer des sources, à les relire avec un autre regard, à développer autrement des thématiques comme l'histoire des représentations, des émotions ou encore de la mémoire, à faire preuve en somme, plus que de coutume, d'imagination. La problématique de cet ouvrage collectif dont ce texte est la conclusion impliquait de privilégier un aspect de l'analyse récente des conflits : celui de la « culture de guerre ». La richesse de l'enquête montre cependant que cette notion ne se limite pas à une histoire exclusivement culturelle, mais relève tout autant d'une histoire politique, sociale, militaire, économique qui peut aisément dialoguer avec la science politique ou la sociologie.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The Theoretical Rationale -- The Book Outline -- Chapter 1: Ipe and Migration: The Role of the State -- Chapter 2: The three paradoxes of globalisation and migration -- Chapter 3: The paradox of marginalisation: the case of migration from the MENA area to the EU -- Chapter 4: The paradox of regionalisation within globalisation: migration to the EU and migration to the US compared -- Chapter 5: The paradox of securitisation: Is there a common migratory policy in the eu? -- Chapter 6: Towards a political economy of irregular migration: theory and practice -- Chapter 7: The insertion of migrants into the labour force of receiving countries: competition or complementarity? -- Chapter 8: Migration and social capital: from islamophobia to social unrest and terrorism -- Chapter 9: Populism and migration -- Conclusion: Migration and the dark side of globalisation -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 IPE and Migration: The Role of the State -- Positioning the Book in the IPE Debate: The State of the Debate -- Realist Approaches to the IPE of Immigration: The State in the Debate -- The Liberal-State Thesis and the Role of the Judiciary in the Neo-Institutionalist View -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 The Three Paradoxes of Globalisation and Migration -- Does Globalisation (Still) Exist? Between Sceptics and the De-Globalisation Debate -- The Consequences of Globalisation on Migration and the New Global Division of Labour and Power -- Discussing the Relation Between Globalisation and Migration in Sociology -- Conclusion: The Three Paradoxes of Regionalisation, Marginalisation and Securitisation within Globalisation -- References -- 3 The Paradox of Marginalisation: The Case of Migration from the Mena Area to the EU -- Introduction.

Esta nota no intentará cerrar la brecha entre los modelos analíticos del economista y la realidad exuberante del politólogo, sino esbozar a grandes trazos un programa de investigación común a las dos disciplinas. La siguiente sección describe el carácter metodológico del programa neoclásico, entendido en este sentido general, y aclara algunos, malentendidos del escéptico tradicional. Hay que notar que la interpretación que ofrecemos (y aplicamos en las siguientes secciones) tiene dos precedentes relevantes en el pensamiento político: uno en la tradición utópica de la teoría política, a partir de La República de Platón; otro, más relevante, en las teorías de contrato social (postulado hipotéticamente en un "estado natural" o "posición original" límite), desde Hobbes hasta Rawls. Nos referiremos en particular a la segunda teoría para introducir los resultados centrales del programa neoclásico en la política. La sección 2 considera la política desde una perspectiva hobbesiana: como límite de la descentralización económica, en ausencia de mecanismos de decisión colectiva representativos. La sección 3 postula la reducción alternativa vía la descentralización política, asociada a Rousseau, e investiga sus límites a partir de la teoría de elección social. Las dos últimas secciones extraen dos implicaciones constructivas de los resultados anteriores. La primera postula un campo aún virgen para el avance del programa neoclásico sobre la política, la "política de bienestar", dedicado al análisis normativo y al diseño de reformas óptimas de las instituciones políticas (sección 4). La segunda nos lleva a una concepción "deliberativa" de la democracia liberal como alternativa tanto al paradigma neoclásico como a las recientes críticas comunitarias de la filosofía liberal (sección 5).

The construction of American infrastructure after 1900 is illustrative of the effects that social reform and turn of the century technology had on urban planning. The rapid growth of the American automobile market, the use of urban infrastructure as means for government social control and surveillance, as well as the racism implicit in transit development all heavily inform the built environment during this time. Looking back as far as Baron Haussmann's renovation of Paris in the mid-1800s, this thesis analyzes the ways that public infrastructure ties into aspects of social control. Through three case studies of New York's Cross-Bronx Expressway, the Chicago Transit Authority's 95th/Dan Ryan train terminal, and The University of Illinois at Chicago's former elevated walkways, I look at the different ways that movement is dictated within the built environment. This paper uses texts from the fields of history, architectural history, public policy, economics, and transit studies to understand both the common threads between the three public works chosen as well as the differing ways that these spaces affect the urban landscape.

International audience ; Les Mongols ont, dans leur très grande majorité, fait du bouddhisme de rite tibétain leur principal marqueur identitaire, et cette religion a eu depuis le XVI e siècle un impact très profond sur la culture mongole en général, et sur la littérature et les arts, la vie intellectuelle, la vision du monde et de l'au-delà, ainsi que les conceptions morales et scientifiques (astrologie, médecine et mathématiques) en particulier. La culture mongole ne peut se comprendre sans cette religion universaliste qui devint un des principaux facteurs d'unité culturelle, dépassant les frontières tribales pour lier les Mongols dans une foi commune. Depuis sa diffusion en Inde, puis en Asie du Sud, du Sud-Est, en Asie centrale et orientale après le V e siècle avant notre ère, le bouddhisme atteint son extension maximale en Asie avec les Mongols, derniers peuples convertis. À partir des Bouriates de Transbaïkalie, convertis au XVII e siècle, le bouddhisme gagne la Russie au XX e siècle, et enfin l'Occident à travers sa diaspora. Le bouddhisme de rite tibétain et ses aspects politico-religieux Le bouddhisme de rite tibétain, formé à partir du VII e siècle de notre ère, appartient au courant Mahayana – le « Grand Véhicule », qui accorde dans son panthéon une place importante aux bodhisattva. Il a également intégré une forte composante tantrique – d'où son appellation de Vajrayana, « véhicule de diamant » – et se caractérise par un ensemble de textes, réunis pour la plupart dans deux grands corpus, le Kanjur et le Tanjur, de doctrines, de rituels, de méthodes initiatiques ainsi qu'un panthéon spécifique. Bien qu'il mette en valeur le rôle éminent joué par le lama dans cette tradition et présente l'avantage d'éviter toute référence géographico-ethnique, le terme de « lamaïsme » n'existe ni en tibétain, ni en mongol, et n'est plus en usage en Occident, où il évoque pour certains une religion différente du bouddhisme, parfois même perçue comme une dérive corrompue et hétérodoxe de ce dernier. On préférera alors ...

International audience ; Les Mongols ont, dans leur très grande majorité, fait du bouddhisme de rite tibétain leur principal marqueur identitaire, et cette religion a eu depuis le XVI e siècle un impact très profond sur la culture mongole en général, et sur la littérature et les arts, la vie intellectuelle, la vision du monde et de l'au-delà, ainsi que les conceptions morales et scientifiques (astrologie, médecine et mathématiques) en particulier. La culture mongole ne peut se comprendre sans cette religion universaliste qui devint un des principaux facteurs d'unité culturelle, dépassant les frontières tribales pour lier les Mongols dans une foi commune. Depuis sa diffusion en Inde, puis en Asie du Sud, du Sud-Est, en Asie centrale et orientale après le V e siècle avant notre ère, le bouddhisme atteint son extension maximale en Asie avec les Mongols, derniers peuples convertis. À partir des Bouriates de Transbaïkalie, convertis au XVII e siècle, le bouddhisme gagne la Russie au XX e siècle, et enfin l'Occident à travers sa diaspora. Le bouddhisme de rite tibétain et ses aspects politico-religieux Le bouddhisme de rite tibétain, formé à partir du VII e siècle de notre ère, appartient au courant Mahayana – le « Grand Véhicule », qui accorde dans son panthéon une place importante aux bodhisattva. Il a également intégré une forte composante tantrique – d'où son appellation de Vajrayana, « véhicule de diamant » – et se caractérise par un ensemble de textes, réunis pour la plupart dans deux grands corpus, le Kanjur et le Tanjur, de doctrines, de rituels, de méthodes initiatiques ainsi qu'un panthéon spécifique. Bien qu'il mette en valeur le rôle éminent joué par le lama dans cette tradition et présente l'avantage d'éviter toute référence géographico-ethnique, le terme de « lamaïsme » n'existe ni en tibétain, ni en mongol, et n'est plus en usage en Occident, où il évoque pour certains une religion différente du bouddhisme, parfois même perçue comme une dérive corrompue et hétérodoxe de ce dernier. On préférera alors l'expression de « bouddhisme de rite tibétain », ou encore « bouddhisme tibéto-mongol ».

This book addresses the gaps in undergraduate teaching of partial equilibrium analysis, providing a general equilibrium viewpoint to illustrate the assumptions underlying partial equilibrium welfare analysis. It remains unexplained, at least at the level of general economics teaching, in what sense partial equilibrium analysis is indeed a part of general equilibrium analysis. Partial equilibrium welfare analysis isolates a market for a single commodity from the rest of the economy, presuming that other things remain equal, and measures gains and losses by means of consumer surplus. This is a money metric that is supposed to be summable across individuals, recommending policy that maximizes the social surplus. But what justifies such apparently uni-dimensional practise? Within a general equilibrium framework, the assumption of no income effect is presented as the key condition, and substantive general equilibrium situations in which the condition emerges are presented. The analysis is extended to the case of uncertainty, in which the practice adopts aggregate expected consumer surplus, and scrutinizes when such practice is justified. Finally, the book illustrates partial equilibrium as an institutional artifact, meaning that institutional constraint induces individuals to behave as if they are in partial equilibrium. This volume forms an important contribution to the literature by researching why this disparity persists and the implications for economics education.

'[This book] offers ground-breaking research into political marketing and management in a developing democracy, significantly broadening our understanding of how business concepts and techniques permeate politics in different circumstances. Covering a range of topics including political HR and branding in parties, it lays important foundations for new political marketing and management research.' --Jennifer Lees-Marshment, Professor, The University of Auckland, New Zealand 'A pace-setting book on political marketing in Ghana that offers a strategic direction to political campaigning, financing, human resource management and leadership.' --Joshua Yindenaba Abor, Professor and Dean, The University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana This book focuses on the emergence of new frames of political engagement underpinned by concepts in marketing, management, and organisation. It goes beyond political electioneering and campaigning and considers business theories such as market research, segmentation, social media, brand architecture, and human resources. With contributions from a range of skilled experts, Political Marketing and Management in Ghana emphasises and provides insights on the symbols-oriented approach of political campaigning in Africa, and distinguishes this from the technology-driven process of the west. Offering a total understanding of African politics and its supply and demand interactivity between key actors, this book is of great use to academics interested in political science, communications, marketing, and business and management.

This book is the first collection of essays to explore the changing relationships between war, media, and the public from a multidisciplinary perspective and over an extended historical period. It is also the first textbook for students in this field, discussing a wide range of theoretical concepts and methodological tools for analyzing the nature of these relationships. The book starts with a thorough overview by Philip Seib of war, the media and the public sphere. His chapter explores how the perception of war in the public sphere is influenced by the media and, more precisely, how the news media define and perform their social function in relation to war. It points to the fact that it is not only the way in which journalists deliver news about war to the public that affects how people think about war. Information and its impact on the public are also influenced, to a varying extent, by the medium that conveys the message. The impact of newspaper articles differs from that of a live television report from the battlefield, which in turn differs from an amateur's YouTube video, not just in terms of production but also in terms of access and consumption. Obviously, changes in the media environment and its technologies affect the nature of news journalism, the role of professional communication and the way media messages are perceived by the public

One Life-history Strategies -- 1 The life strategies of mites -- 2 Life-history evolution of spider mites -- 3 Life-cycle strategies in unpredictably varying environments: genetic adaptations in a colonizing mite -- 4 The evolutionary transformation of osmotic regulation in the life cycle of freshwater mites (Hydrachnidia) -- 5 Development and life-history strategies in mussel mites (Hydrachnellae: Unionicolidae) -- Two Reproduction -- 6 Spermatology in the Acari: systematic and functional implications -- 7 The distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of parthenogenesis in oribatid mites -- 8 Indirect sperm transfer in prostigmatic mites from a phylogenetic viewpoint -- 9 Spermatophore deposition in relation to atmospheric humidity among terrestrial Parasitengonae (Prostigmata) -- 10 The role of Adlerocystis sp. in the reproduction of argasid ticks -- 11 A scanning electron-microscopy study of spermatogenesis in Pergamasus barbarus Berl. (Gamasida -- 12 Precise sex-ratio control in the pseudo-arrhenotokous phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt -- 13 Sex ratio, fitness and capacity for population increase in Pyemotes tritici (L.-F. and M.) (Pyemotidae) -- 14 Preliminary observations of ovoviviparity in the gallforming mite, Aceria caulobius (Nal.) (Eriophyidea: Eriophyidae) -- 15 Laboratory observations on duration of copulation and egg production of three phytoseiid species fed on pollen -- 16 Precopulatory mate guarding in the spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) (Tetranychidae) -- Three Diapause, Development and Trophic Relations -- 17 Physiological aspects of diapause in plant-inhabiting mites -- 18 Repeated induction and termination of diapause in the predacious mite, Amblyseius potentillae (Garman) (Phytoseiidae) -- 19 Inheritance of photoperiodic responses controlling diapause in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch -- 20 Some observations on diapause in winter eggs of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) -- 21 Reproduction, embryonic and postembryonic development of Trichouropoda obscurasimilis Hirschmann and Zirngiebl-Nicol 1961 (Anactinotrichida: Uropodina) -- 22 Resource allocation and utilization contrasts in Hypoaspis aculeifer (Can.) and Alliphis halleri (G. and R. Can.) (Mesostigmata) with emphasis on food source -- 23 The influence of different host plants on the reproductive potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and Tyrophagus neiswanderi Johnston and Bruce (Acaridae) -- 24 The relationship between house-dust mites and fungi -- 25 How plants maintain body-guards: plant exudate as a food source for phytoseiid mites -- Four Systematic, Morphology, Physiology and Behaviour -- 26 Distribution of characters and phylogenetic age — systematic problems in the higher taxa of the Oribatida -- 27 A new approach to the systematics of the genus Steganacarus (Oribatida) -- 28 The morphology of the immature stages of Phthiracaroidea (Oribatida) -- 29 A new interpretation of the epimeral theory of Grandjean -- 30 A comparison of the sclerotized parts of the reproductive organs of house-dust mites of the genus Dermatophagoides using scanning electron microscopy -- 31 Reproductive systems in Acaridida — some peculiar features -- 32 A respiratory apparatus in eggs of certain mites -- 33 Fine structure and functions of the mouthparts involved in the feeding mechanisms in Cenopalpus pulcher (Canestrini and Fanzago) (Tetranychoidea: Tenuipalpidae) -- 34 The alveolar salivary glands of the active phases of trombiculid mites (Trombiculidae) -- 35 Pigmentation in water mites of the genera Limnochares Latr. and Hydrodroma Koch (Hydrachnidia) -- 36 Biomass studies of water mites of the genera Limnochares Latr. and Hydrodroma Koch (Hydrachnidia) -- 37 The saltatory capacity of an oribatid mite -- 38 Thanatosis or feigning death in mites of the family Scutacaridae -- Five Field Studies and Applied Aspects -- 39 The effects of spider-mite feeding on plant performance in relation to biological control -- 40 Dispersion indices and constant precision sampling programmes for Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) in Spanish apple orchards -- 41 Herbicides and the reproduction of Tetranychus urticae Koch -- 42 Phytoseiid mites associated with vines in Sicilian vineyards -- 43 Studies on mites associated with lucerne in Greece -- 44 Vertical distribution and life stages of oribatid communities on beech trees -- 45 Histiostoma murchiei Hughes and Jackson (Anoetidae) as a parasite in the cocoons of some Danish earthworms -- 46 Rearing deutonymphs of Iphidosoma fimetarium (J. Müller), a mesostigmatic mite associated with carabid beetles -- 47 Mites of the House mouse, Mus musculus L., in the north-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula in Spain -- 48 Records of Ixodoidea from the Trentino-Alto Adige region in northern Italy -- 49 Seasonal and spatial variation in food intake by the oribatid mites of beech woodland soil -- 50 The effects of ploughing and rotary cultivation on soil mites with particular reference to the Mesostigmata -- 51 The influence of soil cultivation methods on the edaphic fauna, and especially the Gamasina (Mesostigmata), in two southern German vineyards with different cultural treatments -- 52 The density of Tarsonemida in cropped arable soil in relation to fertilizer and crop-protection treatments -- 53 Soil mites and acidification: a comparative study of four forest stands near Heidelberg -- 54 Reactions of mite populations to the influence of environmental chemicals in a beech-wood floor -- 55 Population studies on the house-dust mite. Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman 1950) (Pyroglyphidae) -- 56 Management of mite development in the home -- 57 An indirect effect of cleaning on house-dust mites. (Dermatophagoides spp.) in carpets -- 58 Astigmatic and prostigmatic mites of grain stores, mills and sawmills in Finland -- Index to plant genera and species -- Index to animal genera and species -- Author index.

Despite the research tradition in analyzing public communication, local public spheres have been rather neglected by communication science, although they are crucial for social cohesion and democracy. Existing empirical studies about local public spheres are mostly case studies which implicitly assume that cities are alike. Based on a participatory-liberal understanding of democracy, we develop a theoretical framework, from which we derive a monitor covering structural, social, and spatial aspects of local communication to empirically compare local public spheres along four dimensions: (1) information, (2) participation, (3) inclusion, and (4) diversity. In a pilot study, we then apply our monitor to four German cities that are comparable in size and regional function ('regiopolises'). The monitoring framework is built on local statistical data, some of which was provided by the cities, while some came from our own research. We show that the social structures and the normative assessment of the quality of local public spheres can vary among similar cities and between the four dimensions. We hope the innovative monitor prototype enables scholars and local actors to compare local public spheres across spaces, places, and time, and to investigate the impact of social change and digitalization on local public spheres.

This book develops a philosophy of the predominant yet obtrusive aspects of digital culture, arguing that what seems like insignificant distractions of digital technology - such as video games, mindless browsing, cute animal imagery, political memes, and trolling - are actually keyed into fundamental aspects of evolution. These elements are commonly framed as distractions in an economy of attention and this book approaches them with the prospect of understanding their attraction, from the starting point of diversions. Diversions designate not simply shifting states of attention but characterize the direction of any system on a different course, a theoretical perspective which makes it possible to investigate distractions as not only by-products of contemporary media and human attention. The perspective shifts from distractions as the unwanted and inconsequential to considering instead the function of diversions in the process of evolutionary development. Grounded in media theory but drawing from diverse interdisciplinary perspectives in biology, philosophy, and systems theory, this book provocatively theorizes the process of diversions - of the playful, stupid, cute, and funny - as significant for the evolution of a range of organisms

Since the outbreak began, we are collectively caught in a double avalanche: an uninterrupted flow of figures (daily counting of deaths, attempts to measure excess mortality due to COVID-19, projections and estimates of pandemic developments by various models, development of indicators to understand the diversity of national reactions and reactivity, etc.), but also of tribunes, notes, tweets and other quick publications not only from editorialists who have been broken in the exercise of current commentary but also from researchers and researchers in social sciences. These two flows sometimes meet on an issue we have been researching in recent years with other colleagues: the link between numbers and events. What is needed to quantify in order to describe, understand, predict and respond to the epidemic? Under what conditions and to what extent can quantification operations constitute a danger to populations? Can it be seen as a simple tool of manipulation and coercion in the hands of power? The time of social sciences, and history in particular, is not that of emergency medicine or crisis epidemiology. It seems to us scientifically and ethically premature to develop definitive analyses of the current global crisis, in particular by purporting to take a firm look at the value of the "COVID-19 figures" and the role they play in setting up public policies and managing the populations they commit to. However, this does not prevent us from showing how certain assertions circulating in the public sphere appear to be particularly problematic in terms of intellectual, political and even practical aspects of the dual issue of the construction and use of quantitative data. While we reserve our empirical analyses for a better period of time, after taking the necessary step back for a systematic survey, we would like to point out that there is a wide field of research in social and sociology history of quantification, and that it is not possible to confine ourselves to indignation or to conclude the reflection with ...

The increase in the elderly population has several impacts on various aspects of life, such as social, economic and health. Moreover, various physical, cognitive and psychological changes occur in older people in the health field. Besides, life expectancy and quality of life are also significant for older people. The main goal of this study was to determine the elderly quality of life in Jeulingke Health Center Banda Aceh. This quantitative descriptive study involved 100 older adults. Data were collected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool used was the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL) concept questionnaire, which consisted of 4 domains: biological, psychological, social, and environmental. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that 59% of respondents had a high quality of life, with 52% having a high biological domain, 56% having a high psychological environment, 57% having a low social field and 57% having a high environmental part. It is hoped that the Head of the Jeulingke Community Health Center in Banda Aceh can improve the quality of life of older people through a group mentoring program for elderly families.