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This article examines the gender gap in literacy and education in Morocco, presenting the distribution of education and literacy by gender, its relation to labor force participation and family health, and the implications for literacy efforts that these factors suggest. Morocco's literacy and educational participation rates for both genders, while improving, remain among the lowest in the region, and a large gender gap—22 points for adult literacy—persists. Like men, women with a relatively high degree of education benefit in the urban labor market. In the rural labor market, postprimary education appears to be a liability, especially for females, although females with only a primary certificate may fare better than males. As elsewhere, literate and educated Moroccan women tend to have fewer children, lose fewer children to disease, and use more modern health care practices. More effective literacy work in this context demands improved statistics, targeted research, and attention to societal expectations.

Shipping list no.: 92-0378-P (v. 1-3), 92-0385-P (v. 2). ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Item 1035-A-01, 1035-A-02 (MF). ; Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, p. 57). ; v. 1. The 1993 budget: the economic setting, January 8, 1992--local government views on the economy; January 9, 1992--impact of the recession on the labor force; January 22, 1992--the economy and the federal budget -- v. 2. The 1993 budget: Defense and domestic spending in the post-Cold War era; February 3, 1992--fiscal year 1993 budget for the Department of Defense; February 5, 1992--meeting America's domestic needs; February 5, 1992--the fiscal year 1993 Defense budget, U.S. responses to a changed world -- v. 3. The 1993 budget: the fiscal dimensions; January 31 1992--Presidential budget proposal for fiscal year 1993; February 6, 1992--Presidents budget and economic outlook. ; Mode of access: Internet.

A quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) model has been developed to estimate maximum tolerated doses (MTD) from structural features of chemicals and the corresponding oral acute lethal doses (LD50) as determined in male rats. The model is based on a set of 269 diverse chemicals which have been tested under the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) protocols. The rat oral LD50 value was the strongest predictor. Additionally, 22 structural descriptors comprising nine substructural MOLSTAC(c) keys, three molecular connectivity indices, and sigma charges on 10 molecular fragments were identified as endpoint predictors. The model explains 76% of the variance and is significant (F= 35.7) at p < 0.0001 with a standard error of the estimate of 0.40 in the log(1/mol) units used in Hansch‐type equations. Cross‐validation showed that the difference between the average deleted residual square (0.179) and the model residual square (0.160) was not significant (t= 0.98).

Scotland's mental health agencies face a major challenge with the appearance of Caring for People. The arrival of the community care White Paper has coincided with the appearance of renewed concern over hospital inpatient provision and over the perceived lack of progress in the development of community care. This article examines some of the differences which arise from the construction of community care policy in Scotland and some of the evidence available for assessing the present state of care in the community for the younger mentally disabled. It is found that some 630,000 adults under the age of 65 (or 19% of all adults in this age group) are suffering from some form of mental disability, some 22% of whom are in severe need of care. 93% of this group are located in the community. Problems for carers are created by the presence of significant shortfalls in resources and by the balance of care which exists in Scotland.

The effect of numeric values assigned to rating scales on respondents (Rs') interpretations of the endpoint labels was examined in 3 experiments. In experiment 1, 1,032 German adults rated their success in life along an 11-point scale, with the endpoints labeled "not at all successful" & "extremely successful." When the numeric values ranged from 0-10, 34% of the Rs endorsed values 0-5. When the scale ranged from -5 to 5, only 13% endorsed formally equivalent values between -5 & 0. In experiment 2, the findings of experiment 1 were conceptually replicated using a sample of 101 students in a German university. In experiment 3, a sample of 22 students at another university were asked to draw inferences from a R's report, & drew different inferences from formally equivalent, but numerically different, values. Discussion centers on Rs' use of numeric values to disambiguate the meaning of scale labels. 1 Appendix, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article reports the results of a study to assess variations in the indoor and outdoor locomotor mobility of 22 low vision adults. Visual acuity, visual field, and contrast sensitivity data were obtained on all participants. Participants were also videotaped while walking unfamiliar indoor and outdoor routes under normal and reduced illumination. These videotapes were viewed by orientation and mobility instructors, who recorded such incidents as stopping or contacting objects during travel. Mobility assessment data obtained from the videotapes were analyzed in relation to type and degree of visual loss. Individuals' visual fields and contrast sensitivities were found to be related to mobility performance, whereas their visual acuities were not. Visual field and contrast sensitivity together accounted for 39 percent of the variation in mobility performance. Results of the study are discussed in regard to the importance of visual contrast sensitivity and visual field for functional acitivities such as mobility.

En vue de trouver une solution à la sanglante crise libanaise, une conférence, tenue du 30 septembre au 22 octobre 1989, dans la ville de Taëf, en Arabie Saoudite, a mis au point un accord en deux volets : réforme des institutions libanaises et évacuation du territoire libanais par toutes les troupes étrangères. L'objet du présent article se limite au premier volet. Les réformes proposées ont été diversement accueillies — pour et contre — dans les différents milieux politiques ou confessionnels, au nom de l'équilibre entre les multiples composantes de la « mosaïque libanaise ». Cependant il y a place pour une solution médiane qui, tout en tenant compte des côtés positifs de l'accord de Taëf et de l'avantage qu'il y a à profiter du large appui arabe et international qu'il a reçu, avance des propositions concrètes à la lumière des appréciations et critiques, des textes en vigueur, des us et coutumes et des données constantes de la vie politique du pays.

The two dimensions of the majoritarian-consensus typology are based on (1) characteristics of the party system, electroal system and government coalitions, and (2) federal vs. unitary traits. Consensus democracy and the earlier concept of consociational democracy overlap considerably, but they differ in the degree to which they focus on formal institutions vs. informal practices. Moreover, consociationalism is the more suitable prescription for very deeply divided societies. With only a few minor doubts, the 22 cases of long-term democracy fit the majoritarian-consensus typology well. There are three causal explanations for the placement of the cases in the typology: the degree to which the countries are plural societies, population size and the influence of the Westminster model. Contrary to the conventional view, the evidence further shows that majoritarian democracy cannot be regarded as superior to consensus democracy in terms of their respective consequences for democratic stability and quality.

From 22 to 24 June 1988, an international conference was held in The Hague, Netherlands, on "Humanitarian Assistance in Armed Conflict". It was organized by the University of Leiden's Red Cross Chair of International Humanitarian Law, together with the National Red Cross Societies of Belgium (Flemish Community) and The Netherlands.The conference, which was attended by some 180 participants (with Her Royal Highness, Princess Margriet of The Netherlands, as the most distinguished among them) was opened by the Dutch Minister for Development Co-operation, Mr. Pieter Bukman. Professor René Jean Dupuy, professor of International Law at the College de France, Paris, gave the keynote speech at the opening session. Speakers during the three working sessions of the conference included representatives of the ICRC, the League, UNHCR, Médecins sans Frontières, Médecins du Monde, CEBEMO (the Dutch Catholic Organization for Joint Financing of Development Programmes), Save the Children Fund, Oxfam UK, and the academic world.

La 21a Reunión del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Liga de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja se celebró en Ginebra, los días 21 y 22 de abril de 1988, bajo la presidencia del señor Mario Villarroel, presidente de la Liga.El secretario general, señor Pär Stenbäck, presentó a los delegados un informe acerca de las actividades de la Secretaría de la Liga desde 1987.Principales decisiones tomadas por el Consejo: admisión provisional de Chad —146 miembro de la federación— en la Liga de la Cruz Roja (véase más adelante), designación de una comisión integrada por nueve miembros, encargada de evaluar la «Estrategia para el desarrollo de las Sociedades Nacionales en el decenio de 1980» aprobada, el año 1981, por la XXIV Conferencia Internacional de la Cruz Roja y de establecer directrices en materia de desarrollo para los próximos diez años.

Le 22 mai 987, le roi carolingien Louis V meurt des suites d'un accident de chasse en forêt de Senlis. Il n'a pas de fils. Son plus proche parent, qui prétend à sa succession, est son oncle paternel Charles de Basse-Lorraine. Or, les grands de Francie occidentale vont élire comme roi le duc des Francs Hugues Capet, de la famille des Robertiens, qui est sacré à Noyon le 3 juillet 987.Cet événement est aujourd'hui considéré comme fondateur parce que les descendants d'Hugues Capet ont conservé le trône pendant plus de huit siècles et se sont identifiés à la nation. On trouverait difficilement dans l'histoire universelle comportement plus dynastique que le leur. A tel point que dans la conscience commune, l'idée de monarchie est étroitement associée à celle d'hérédité. Or, il faut bien se rendre à l'évidence : d'un point de vue strictement dynastique l'avènement d'Hugues Capet est une usurpation.

Einem einzigen Gesetz ein ganzes Buch zu widmen, ist ungewöhnlich. Ungewöhnlich ist jedoch auch dieses Gesetz und seine Stellung in der Rechtsgeschichte, der Geschichte und Volkskunde. Und dies nicht nur im Rahmen der Geschichte Bayerns, sondern im Rahmen der europäischen Rechtsgeschichte: Kein anderes Land verfügte über eine derart ausführliche Gesetzgebung in Sachen Aberglauben und Zauberei. Die Gesetzgebung in Bayern erfolgte relativ spät, war aber besonders intensiv. Und ihr Ergebnis, das »Hexenmandat« von 1611, das bis 1813 formell in Kraft war, ist mit 40 Druckseiten das umfangreichste Gesetz, das jemals zu diesem Thema verfertigt wurde. Man kann es daher als den »Höhepunkt« der europäischen Hexengesetzgebung bezeichnen. Ungewöhnlich sind die Hinweise, die dieses Mandat auf die magischen Praktiken und Vorstellungen der Bevölkerung geben kann, mit denen es sich auf 22 Seiten beschäftigt. Daß damit wichtige Aufschlüsse zur Volkskunde der Bayern gegeben werden können, zeigt eine Konfrontation des dargebotenen Aberglaubenskatalogs mit der Rechtswirklichkeit der Hexenprozesse, die ich in einer früheren Studie untersucht habe. Die Juristen in der Münchner Regierung waren keine trockenen Theoretiker, die ihr Wissen aus scholastischen Aberglaubenstraktaten bezogen, sondern sie waren Praktiker der Justiz, die selbst als Richter an zahlreichen Zauber- und Hexenprozessen teilgenommen hatten und die über die magischen Praktiken ihrer Untertanen hautnah Bescheid wußten. Das Mandat von 1611 bietet, wie gezeigt wird, die Summe ihrer Erfahrungen. Ungewöhnlich ist dieses Gesetz auch in seiner Entstehungs- und Wirkungsgeschichte: Mehr als 20 Jahre wurde bis zu seiner Abfassung gestritten, und mehr als 20 Jahre wurde nach seinern Druck über seine Verwendung gestritten. Es wurde lange Zeit nicht veröffentlicht, obwohl ein unpubliziertes Mandat keine Gültigkeit besitzen konnte. Als es schließlich doch teilweise publiziert wurde, war seine Wirkung ganz anders, als seine Urheber erwartet hatten: Trotz härtester Strafbestimmungen ...

"Form MA-1000-R-nos". ; [R2]. Major group 22-Textile mill products; Major group 23-Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials; Major group 31-Leather and leather products -- [R3]. Major group 24-Lumber and wood products, except furniture; Major group 25-Furniture and fixtures -- [R5]. Major group 28-Chemical and allied products; Major group 29-Petroleum refining and related industries; Major group 30-Rubber and misc. plastic products -- [R4]. Major group 26-Paper and allied products; Major group 27-Printing, publishing, and allied industries -- [R6]. Major group 33-Primary metal industries; Major group 34-Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment -- [R7]. Major group 35-Industrial and commercial machinery and computer equipment -- [R9]. Major group 37-Transportation equipment -- [R10]. Major group 32-Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products; Major group 39-Misc. manufacturing industries. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze and to describe the effects of lottery revenue on the earmarked function of public elementary and secondary education in Michigan and New York. In order to update lottery information and provide the necessary background data for this study, the current status and performance of lotteries in the District of Columbia and the 22 states operating lotteries in 1986 are included in this research. An interrupted time-series design was employed to research the stability, reliability and yield of revenue from the state lotteries of Michigan and New York. Resultant data indicated that although in absolute dollars net lottery figures are impressive, they represent an unstable, low-yield portion of own source revenue in Michigan and New York. In addition, claims made by lottery proponents that net lottery revenue contributes to the expansion of the functional area of public elementary and secondary education were not supported by these data. ; Ed. D.

A seminar paper on the impact of international economic sanctions ( imposed on the then minority government of South Africa) on the other independent states of Southern Africa. Paper presented at the Seminar on Southern African Responses to Imperialism, 22-24 April 1987, ; The history of agitations to impose economic Sanctions on South Africa is as old as independent Africa itself. Following Sharpville, there were widespread discussions on the desirability of the economic isolation of racist South Africa with the aim of forcing the Republic to adopt social and political policies conforming to internationally acceptable standards of moral behavior. As such, international condemnation of racism in South Africa has always been on the forefront. The initial idea was to impose economic sanctions backed by a complete blockade. However, this early notion of pressure soon died down, a feature which characterized the late 1960's and 1970's.