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Whilst the last decades have seen a clear shift in emphasis from managing natural hazards to managing risk, the majority of natural-hazard risk research still focuses on single hazards. Internationally, there are calls for more attention for multi-hazards and multi-risks. Within the European Union (EU), the concepts of multi-hazard and multi-risk assessment and management have taken centre stage in recent years. In this perspective paper, we outline several key developments in multi-(hazard-)risk research in the last decade, with a particular focus on the EU. We present challenges for multi-(hazard-)risk management as outlined in several research projects and papers. We then present a research agenda for addressing these challenges. We argue for an approach that addresses multi-(hazard-)risk management through the lens of sustainability challenges that cut across sectors, regions, and hazards. In this approach, the starting point is a specific sustainability challenge, rather than an individual hazard or sector, and trade-offs and synergies are examined across sectors, regions, and hazards. We argue for in-depth case studies in which various approaches for multi-(hazard-)risk management are co-developed and tested in practice. Finally, we present a new pan-European research project in which our proposed research agenda will be implemented, with the goal of enabling stakeholders to develop forward-looking disaster risk management pathways that assess trade-offs and synergies of various strategies across sectors, hazards, and spatial scales.

On 16 July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued their decision in the Schrems II case concerning Facebook's transfers of personal data from the EU to the US. The decision may have significant effects on the legitimate transfer of personal data for health research purposes from the EU. This article aims: (i) to outline the consequences of the Schrems II decision for the sharing of personal data for health research between the EU and third countries, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; and, (ii) to consider certain options available to address the consequences of the decision and to facilitate international data exchange for health research moving forward.

Durch die Digitalisierung im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 steigen die Datenmengen in produzierenden Unternehmen an. Data-Analytics-Methoden erlauben es, automatisiert Muster in diesen Daten zu erkennen, die Rückschlüsse auf die Leistungsfähigkeit des Produktionssystems geben. Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie sich Data-Analytics-Methoden nutzen lassen, um Einflussfaktoren auf die Termintreue zu identifizieren. Für die Evaluation werden die Produktionsdaten eines mittelständischen Prototypenfertigers analysiert.
 
With digitization in the context of industry 4.0 the data volumes in manufacturing companies are increasing. Data analytics methods allow to automatically identify patterns in these data, providing insights into the performance of the production system. This article describes how these methods can be used to identify factors influencing the due date adherence. The data of a medium-sized prototype manufacturer are used for evaluation.

Introduction -- Green's Function-based Tsunami Data Assimilation (GFTDA) -- Tsunami Data Assimilation with Interpolated Virtual Stations -- Real-Time Tsunami Detection based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) -- Real-time Tsunami Data Assimilation of S-net Pressure Gauge Records during the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake -- Tsunami Early Warning System Using Data Assimilation of Offshore Data -- Summary.

We examine the kinds of information that can be obtained from well-designed, standardized, population-based surveys and demonstrate that some things which, in the past, have been considered barriers to the use of surveys following disasters provide insights into postdisaster behavior and may be advantageous. In specific, we examine: the use of standardized surveys to compare community behavior across time, events, and locations; the extent to which surveys represent the population of interest in the aftermath of a disaster; the receptivity of respondents to being interviewed after a disaster; the ability to utilize telephones for interviews after a disaster; the extent to which the data collected in a survey are perishable and subject to memory decay; the use of surveys as quasi-experimental designs for obtaining information on "control groups"; the use of surveys as a source of baseline or denominator data for ascertaining what other, more specialized datasets represent; the maintenance of verbal data collected within the context of a survey for later postcoding and analysis; and the storage of surveys in archives for use in secondary analyses by other researchers. Overall, we conclude that well-designed, standardized, population-based surveys can provide an accurate picture of a community's behaviors and attitudes with regard to disasters as well as describe the impact of a disaster on a population.

Homomorphic encryption provides a way to operate on the encrypted data so that the users can be given with the maximum feasible privacy. Homomorphic encryption is a special kind of encryption mechanism that can resolve security and privacy issues with rich text. Research gap is the performance overhead associated with this which poses a barrier to the real time implementation of this scheme. The objective of this work is to implement an algorithm to achieve increased performance and faster execution when compared with a classical cryptographical algorithm, the Paillier Cryptographical Algorithm, which is predominantly used to achieve additive homomorphism and analyse the performance gain obtained by this algorithm. The same algorithm is also integrated into an encrypted database application, CryptDB, developed by the MIT, as a replacement to the Paillier algorithm used in the application. The derived algorithms are 2600 time faster in key generation, 5 lakh times faster in encryption, and 3500 times faster in decryption, when compared with the Paillier algorithm.

Purpose: This paper responds to calls for a new raison d'être in the field cross-cultural management (CCM) and culture-sensitive studies of international business (IB) more broadly. It argues that one way of addressing the crisis of confidence in the field is to develop a line of inquiry focussed on corporate-driven cultural globalization. This paper also proposes a theoretical approach informed by international political economy (IPE) and postcolonial theory and outlines a research agenda for future work on cultural globalization. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is a desk-based analysis that draws on relevant research in the wider social sciences to insert cultural globalization into the CCM/IB field's intellectual project. Findings: The paper finds the field of CCM and culture-sensitive IB studies more broadly to be almost exclusively focussed on studying the impact of cultural differences. Surprisingly, little attention has been devoted to the phenomenon of corporate-driven cultural globalization. Research limitations/implications: The paper redirects the field and presents a research agenda, calling for studies on the role of four related actors in cultural globalization: MNEs, global professional service firms, business schools and CCM/IB researchers themselves. Practical implications: CCM/IB scholars may be able to reorient themselves towards the phenomenon of cultural globalization and, in so doing, also seize an opportunity to contribute to important debates about it in the wider social sciences. Originality/value: The paper suggests possibilities for renewal by redirecting CCM/IB towards the study of cultural globalization and by encouraging the field to develop a postcolonial sensibility in future research on the phenomenon.