Suchergebnisse

This thesis explores the value of social media in contemporary democratic practices; more precisely, on the use of social media in Canadian tar-sands pipeline infrastructure debate through the lens of public sphere theory. The study aims to contribute to improved understanding of Twitter's shaping the course of the proposed Energy East pipeline, its legitimacy and formation of public debate around it. It is based on a mixed-methods approach employing both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Data was collected from a topic-specific content stream on Twitter, followed by a series of semi-structured interviews with some of the most influential users within a sample of collected tweets. The study identified the users, the content and socio-political context of tweets that are posted in connection with the pipeline as well as users' perceptions of Twitter as a tool for online deliberative democratic practices. Findings indicate Twitter is praised for offering an enabling environment for citizen journalism on real-time events, its swiftness of information dissemination, enabling contact with individuals outside of users' established social circles and the power to influence public opinion. However, the medium is not without limitations which diminish its role as an optimal tool for democratic online public deliberation. My study suggests the main hindrance for this is the absence of constructive debate due to Twitter's character-limitation of posts and predominantly one-sided communicative processes that take place within this medium. Its role in Energy East debate remains constrained within informative and reactive aspects of its service on current developments on the pipeline polemics and has as such a limited influence on legitimation processes surrounding the project. I therefore conclude that Twitter represents only a fragment of what can be considered the new public sphere and definitely not one-size-fits-all solution to the contemporary legitimation crisis of proposed large-scale industrial projects such as Energy East pipeline. ; M-IES

Urban risk is part of daily life in Caracas. The large number of risky situations reflects the diversity of factors that correspond to both different domains of spatial and time scales. In spite of the supposedly untroubled democracy from the 1960's, the city is concerned by the most violent aspects of the urban transformations of many of the Latin-American countries post-1940. Intensification of urbanization concentrates goods and wealth. This urban intensification makes the social interactions one could find in the city more complex and increases the tensions with the environment, which in turn, set the conditions to organise an urban crisis. During the 1980s, the global environmental concerns, the re-organisation of the State and the increasing inequalities among Venezuelans have created a context in which urban risk become matter of social concerns in Caracas. These urban risks reflect the socio-spatial situations in crisis. Additionally, these risks are used as instruments of power in a socio-spatial order formerly drawn by the colonial power, nowadays by the oil industry, or by a high level of State interventions. The loss of references, the yearning for security or the rejection of all kinds of margins contributes to build a dominant discourse upon the city and the reconstruction of reality through the territorialisation. Territories of risk correspond to both material and intangible aspects of a questioned socio-spatial order, and to relations of power between different actors. This way, social geography and geopolitics can be read as key concepts in understanding the political ecology of urban environment thanks to the concepts of territories of urban risk. ; Le risque urbain est très présent á Caracas. La kyrielle de situations de risque s'avère être le reflet d'un champ large de facteurs très différents qui font intervenir des registres, échelles spatiales et temporalités tout aussi diverses. Malgré le visage paisible de la démocratie à partir des années 1960, la capitale n'échappe pas aux traits les plus violents des mutations urbaines de bien des pays latino-américains après les années 1940. L'intensification de l'urbanisation concentre les enjeux, complexifie les interactions de tout type et accroît les impacts sur l'environnement, faisant le lit de la crise urbaine. A partir des années 1980, sur fond de préoccupations environnementales puis liées au risque et portées par le discours international, et dans un contexte de métropolisation, dérégulation, inégalités croissantes et recul de l'État, les risques urbains deviennent une question sociale dans l'espace caraquénien. En plus de refléter l'organisation et le fonctionnement de situations socio-spatiales urbaines, ils deviennent un instrument de cet ordre socio-spatial en crise, dont les contours sont dessinés par la colonie, le pétrole ou le fort interventionnisme d'État. La perte de repères, l'obsession sécuritaire ou l'aversion pour le « marginal » conditionnent un discours dominant sur la ville et la reconstruction de la réalité à travers la production territoriale. Les territorialités du risque renvoient aux aspects matériels et intangibles d'un ordre socio-spatial en crise, à des rapports de force entre acteurs de l'urbain et à une géographie sociale et une géopolitique pour lesquelles la figure des territoires de risque urbain peut servir de clé de lecture.

La ricerca esplora l'attività delle pagine Facebook di Luigi Di Maio e Matteo Salvini, leader delle maggiori forze populiste in Italia, concentrandosi sull'aspetto interattivo dei post pubblicati. Sono stati estratti 4993 post dal 24/02/2016 al 24/02/2019. Di questi 2142 sono di Di Maio e 2179 di Salvini. I post sono stati classificati nelle categorie "immigrazione" e "PD", per descrivere la polarizzazione dei follower rispetto a due diversi outgroup. Le variabili considerate sono: numero post pubblicati per pagina, anno, categoria; per ogni post: indice di coinvolgimento (come somma di reazioni, commenti e condivisioni), numero di reactions ripartite per tre indicatori principali ("Love, "Angry", "Haha"). I risultati mostrano, con poche eccezioni, un generale maggiore coinvolgimento e maggiori reazioni emotive, particolarmente elevate per la rabbia, nei follower di Salvini, rispetto a quelli di Di Maio; un atteggiamento di scherno, comune ai follower di entrambi i leader, verso l'avversario politico PD e per Salvini anche verso l'immigrazione; una convergenza delle reazioni di rabbia, per i follower di ambo i leader, verso i post inerenti sia al PD che all'immigrazione. ; The research explores the activity of the Facebook pages of Luigi Di Maio and Matteo Salvini, leaders of the major populist forces in Italy, focusing on the interactive aspect of the published posts. 4993 posts were taken from 02/24/2016 to 02/24/2019. Of these 2142 are by Di Maio and 2179 by Salvini. The posts were classified in the "immigration" and "PD" categories, to describe the polarization of the followers compared to two different outgroups. The variables considered are: number of posts published per page, year, category; for each post: involvement index (as sum of reactions, comments and shares), number of reactions divided by three main indicators ("Love", "Angry", "Haha"). The results show, with few exceptions, a general greater involvement and greater emotional reactions, particularly high for anger, in Salvini's followers, compared to those of Di Maio; an attitude of mockery, common to the followers of both leaders, towards the PD political opponent and for Salvini also towards immigration; a convergence of anger reactions, for the followers of both leaders, towards the posts inherent both to the PD and to immigration.

International audience ; A la base de tous les bouleversements et dysfonctionnements qui affectèrent l'économie et la société pendant la Grande Guerre se trouve le profond décalage entre « guerre imaginée » et guerre réelle. Toutes les élites impliquées avaient en effet imaginé un conflit court et triomphal sans grands effets collatéraux. « La guerre apporte la gêne, avec elle la vie cesse partout. D'où la conséquence qu'elle ne peut durer longtemps » soutenait ainsi le général Foch, opinion partagée outre-Rhin par le maréchal Von Schlieffen, pour qui une guerre longue était impossible en raison de l'interruption du commerce et de l'industrie dont dépendait l'existence d'une nation 1. Les milieux politiques, les économistes et la presse partageaient très largement ce credo dont l'optimisme outrancier semblait s'être diffusé dans toutes les couches de la population, jusque dans les campagnes les plus reculées. Lors de la mobilisation, les propos rapportés par les notices communales le démontrent clairement, les mobilisés eux-mêmes rassurant leurs familles en prophétisant un retour rapide, généralement évalué à trois mois, comme à Saint-Méloir-des-Bois, dans les Côtes-du-Nord : « Vous ramassez les récoltes dans la grange, comme la guerre se terminera bientôt par une victoire éclatante de nos armes, nous serons de retour et nous pourrons battre les récoltes, ce qui serait trop dur pour vous. 2 ». A l'exception de quelques voix très isolées, rien ne vint troubler ces certitudes de victoire expéditive qui conduisirent les autorités à faire l'impasse sur bien des aspects de la guerre à venir, comme la question de la main-d'oeuvre. Nul, en effet, ne semblait avoir anticipé les effets potentiels d'un allongement de la guerre sur une économie privée, entre le 2 et le 18 août 1914, de près de 30 % de sa main-d'oeuvre active masculine, chiffre porté à 63 % en 1918. Cette ponction sans précédent pesa immédiatement d'un poids disproportionné sur les départements ruraux, le monde agricole représentant un peu plus de 40 % de la population active masculine mais fournissant 45 % des mobilisés. Notre 1 FOCH Ferdinand, Des principes de la guerre, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, p. 37. 2 Arch. départ. Côtes d'Armor, 1 T 402, notice communale de Saint-Méloir-des-Bois.

"This two-volume handbook presents the most comprehensive coverage of the current state of the psychology of religion and spirituality. It introduces a new integrative paradigm for this rapidly growing and diverse field. This paradigm sheds light on the many purposes religion serves, the rich variety of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, and the capacity of religion and spirituality to do both good and harm. The integrative paradigm encourages psychologists to attend to the ways religion and spirituality are expressed not only in individual lives, but also in the lives of couples, families, institutions, communities, and cultures. The handbook documents how the psychology of religion and spirituality is building on its theoretical and empirical foundation to encompass practice. The chapters in this handbook provide in-depth and varied perspectives of leading scholars and practitioners on the most vital questions in the field: What does it mean to say someone is religious or spiritual? Why are people religious and spiritual? How are people affected by the diverse ways they experience and express their faith? How are religion and spirituality shaped and manifested across different ages, ethnicities, religious traditions, and cultures? How can psychologists distinguish constructive from destructive forms of religion and spirituality? How can psychologists integrate religion and spirituality within various models of assessment and treatment? At a broader level, how can psychologists integrate knowledge about religion and spirituality more fully into efforts to address the most significant personal, social, and cultural problems of our day? In what ways might psychologists of religion and spirituality contribute to the full variety of human institutions--mental health, medical, educational, correctional, military, workplace, and communal? And what distinctive contributions can the psychology of religion and spirituality make to mainstream psychological theory, research, and practice?"--Publicity materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

This chapter sketches some key developments in the framing of youth and early adulthood as life course stages, and situates the influence of the recent economic recession with reference to longer-term trends including increased social inequality. The authors explore different aspects of youth and early adulthood as these relate to labour market and family transitions and inter-generational relationships. These are illustrated by developments across the European nations represented in the book, specifically Norway, the UK, Germany, Greece, Portugal and Italy. The authors discuss the theoretical foundations of youth studies and life course research and set the context for the collection as well as framing the chapters in the book.

International audience ; "Walking School Bus . it's practical, nice, it keeps in good shape, it does not pollute!" This information campaign on the Walking School Bus (WSB) appeared as a reflexion of the inclusion the local public policies in favour of walking on the agenda. WSB has been set up into Switzerland in 1998, and later in France during the 2000s, to encourage walking as an alternative to children being dropped at school by parent's car. Methodologically, through content analysis, we studied the WSB's discourse by conducting a comparative review of a corpus of 94 French and Swiss websites. Statistical and lexical analyses using the IRaMuTeQ software were performed: Hierarchically descending classification, Correspondence factorial analysis and Similarity analysis. They allowed to gather the lexical categories about the WSB, to position them to understand their relations and to highlight the general organisation of the corpus. Our first outcomes provide information on the thematic discussed and the actors promoting the WSB. They highlighted convergences for organisational aspects and divergences in communication strategies between the two countries. To conclude, on the one hand, Swiss promotors of WSB communicate mainly about the objectives related to children's health and security. On the other hand, communication of French promotors emphasises parents' responsibility using a charter of "engagement" and "good behaviour". Moreover, the comparison between speeches and efficacy of the WSB bring us to conclude that the school transport is a communication and awareness-raising strategy to change outlooks and travel behaviour. Its legitimacy can be questioned. ; « Pédibus… c'est pratique, agréable, ça maintient en forme, ça ne pollue pas ! » Cette campagne d'information du Pédibus reflète la mise à l'agenda des politiques publiques en faveur des déplacements à pied. Apparu en Suisse en 1998, puis en France dans les années 2000, le Pédibus est promu pour encourager la marche à pied sur le chemin des écoliers comme solution alternative à l'accompagnement automobile. C'est au prisme d'une comparaison internationale que nous avons appréhendé la méthode d'analyse du discours sur le Pédibus à partir d'un corpus de 94 sites Web français et suisses romands. Notre corpus a donné lieu à une analyse de contenu automatisée, faisant appel à trois analyses spécifiques de lexicométrie : la classification hiérarchique descendante, l'analyse factorielle des correspondances et l'analyse de similitude. Elles ont permis de regrouper les mondes lexicaux associés au Pédibus, de les positionner pour comprendre leurs relations puis d'observer la structure globale du corpus. Les premiers résultats renseignent sur les thématiques abordées et sur les acteurs promouvant le Pédibus. Ils mettent en évidence des convergences quant aux aspects organisationnels et des divergences relatives aux stratégies de communication entre les deux pays. Ainsi, si les promoteurs suisses affichent essentiellement des objectifs liés à la santé et à la sécurité des enfants, les discours des promoteurs français portent davantage sur la responsabilité des parents au travers d'une « charte d'engagement » et de « bons comportements ». Plus encore, la mise en perspective entre discours et efficacité de ce dispositif montre qu'il ne répond pas réellement aux enjeux affichés. Elle permet de conclure que le Pédibus se révèle être exclusivement un outil de communication politique pour encourager la marche à pied sur le chemin des écoliers.

PART I: RACISM, XENOPHOBIA AND CULTURAL IDENTITY -- 1. The Changing Salience of Race: Discrimination and Diversity in South Africa / Jeremy Seekings -- 2. Cracking the Skull of Racism in South Africa Post-1994 / Vuyani S. Vellem -- 3. Black Solidarity Impaled: The Cause of Afrophobia / Bernard Matolino -- 4. Race, Place and Indian Identities in Contemporary South Africa / Goolam Vahed, Ashwin Desai -- 5. Liberating Identifications: Being Black Conscious, Being Non-Racial, Being African / Nico Botha -- 6. Umuntu Akalahlwa: An Exploration of an African Ethics / Sibusiso Masondo -- PART II: GENDER, SEXUALITY AND SOCIAL COHESION -- 7. "I am Born of a People Who Would Not Tolerate Oppression": The Role of Indian Women's Movements in Social Transformation / Rowanne S. Marie -- 8. Identity Construction of African Women in the Midst of Land Dispossession / Maserole Kgari-Masondo -- 9. Reenacting "Destiny": Masculinity and Afrikaner Identity in "Religious" Post-Apartheid South Africa / Kennedy Owino -- 10. "Some LGBTIQs Are More Unequal than Others": Determinants of LGBTIQ Marginality in South Africa / Scott Everett Couper -- 11. Rituals of Female Solidarity: The Role of Imbusa in Promoting Social Cohesion among Married Women in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa / Mutale M. Kaunda, Chammah J. Kaunda -- PART III: RELIGION, PROTEST, AND AFRICANNESS -- 12. "Sing unto the LORD a New Song" (Psalm 98:1): Aspects of the Afrikaans Punk-Rock Group Fokofpolisiekar's Musical Spirituality as Rearticulated Aspects of the 1978 Afrikaans Psalm- en Gesangeboek / Christo Lombaard -- 13. Rastafari Perspectives on African Identities: Lucky Dube's "Different Colours / One People" in Conversation with Peter Tosh's "I Am an African" / Roderick R. Hewitt -- 14. On Locating Islam and African Muslim Identity within Black/Africana Existential Thought: A Preview / Tahir Fuzile Sitoto -- 15. Urban Immigrant Pentecostal Missiology: The Case of an Immigrant Zambian Pentecostal Pastor in South Africa / Chammah J. Kaunda -- Why Read the West? Messianicity and Canonicity within a Postcolonial South African Context / Justin Sands?

Income as the traditional one dimensional measure in well-being and poverty analyses is extended in recent studies by a multidimensional poverty concept. Though this is certainly a progress, however, two important aspects are missing: time as an important dimension and the interdependence of the often only separately counted multiple poverty dimensions. Our paper will contribute to both aspects: First, we consider time and income both as striking and restricting resources of everyday activities and hence account for time and income as important multiple poverty dimensions. Second, the interdependence of the poverty dimensions will be evaluated by the German population to allow an advanced approach to understand possible substitution effects and the respective trade offs between the dimensions. Referring to the time dimension, we follow Sen's capability approach with its freedom of the living conditions' choice and social exclusion and argue, that restricted time might exclude from social participation. In particular, restricted genuine, personal leisure time (not entire leisure time) in particular is associated with a restricted social participation. The crucial question then is how to measure the substitution between income and such genuine leisure time. In our analysis we consider the country population's valuation with data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and estimate the substitution by a CES-utility function of general utility/satisfaction. Given this quantification we disentangle time, income and interdependent multidimensional poverty regimes characterising the working poor. In addition, we quantify further socio-economic influences for each interdependent multidimensional poverty regime by a multinomial logit based on time use diary data of the German Time Use Study 2001/02. One striking result for Germany: the substitution between time and income is significant and we find an important fraction of time poor who are unable to substitute their time deficit by income. These poor people are ignored within the poverty and well-being as well as the time crunch and time famine discussion so far.

"This edited collection focuses on Aboriginal and Māori travel in colonial contexts. Authors in this collection examine the ways that Indigenous people moved and their motivations for doing so. Chapters consider the cultural aspects of travel for Indigenous communities on both sides of the Tasman. Contributors examine Indigenous purposes for mobility, including for community and individual economic wellbeing, to meet other Indigenous or non-Indigenous peoples and experience different cultures, and to gather knowledge or experience, or to escape from colonial intrusion. 'This volume is the first to take up three challenges in histories of Indigenous mobilities. First, it analyses both mobility and emplacement. Challenging stereotypes of Indigenous people as either fixed or mobile, chapters deconstruct issues with ramifications for contemporary politics and analyses of Indigenous society and of rural and national histories. As such, it is a welcome intervention in a wide range of urgent issues. Second, by examining Indigenous peoples in both Australia and New Zealand, this volume is an innovative step in removing the artificial divisions that have arisen from "national" histories. Third, the collection connects the experiences of colonised Indigenous peoples with those of their colonisers, shifting the long-held stereotypes of Indigenous powerlessness. Chapters then convincingly demonstrate the agency of colonised peoples in shaping the actions and the mobility itself of the colonisers. While the volume overall is aimed at opening up new research questions, and so invites later and even more innovative work, this volume will stand as an important guide to the directions such future work might take.' -- Heather Goodall, Professor Emerita, UTS."

This Ph. D. thesis aims at understanding what can be the contribution of song in the social and identity building up of an introverted group by clearing the various functions of this repertoire. It also purposes the objective of analysing the measure in which it intervenes in people integration as well as the impact it can have on groups' cohesion. Thus, an important place has been given to the analysis of contextual and human singing aspects, such as the relation to the body in ritual practices.Wishing to approach the various stakes of singings in the institution, the corpus on which this research is leaning on is quite wide and gathers official songs as well as intimist ones. To get an accurate vision of the military repertoire and question its feature, a survey has mainly been carried out within the RICM located in Poitiers and within the 6th BIMa based in Libreville. The choice of a restriction to the Troupes de Marine is justified by the specificity of this arm, one of the most present on the theatre of operations. So, the study of ritual and musical activities of the military population in conflicting and post-conflicting situation was possible, besides approaching the place of sung practices in the daily garnison life. The study particularly permits to enhance that the need of an important cohesion of the group is one of the main reasons of songs within ans apart from the duty. It also shows that this vocal practice is an integral part of the military culture and that it allows the claiming of a collective identity. ; Cette thèse de doctorat vise à comprendre quel peut être l'apport du chant dans la construction sociale et identitaire d'un ensemble fermé en dégageant les différentes fonctions de ce répertoire. Elle a également pour objectif d'analyser la mesure dans laquelle il intervient dans l'intégration des personnels ainsi que l'impact qu'il peut avoir sur la cohésion des groupes. En ce sens, une place importante a été donnée à l'analyse des aspects contextuels et humains du chant, tels que le ...

This Ph. D. thesis aims at understanding what can be the contribution of song in the social and identity building up of an introverted group by clearing the various functions of this repertoire. It also purposes the objective of analysing the measure in which it intervenes in people integration as well as the impact it can have on groups' cohesion. Thus, an important place has been given to the analysis of contextual and human singing aspects, such as the relation to the body in ritual practices.Wishing to approach the various stakes of singings in the institution, the corpus on which this research is leaning on is quite wide and gathers official songs as well as intimist ones. To get an accurate vision of the military repertoire and question its feature, a survey has mainly been carried out within the RICM located in Poitiers and within the 6th BIMa based in Libreville. The choice of a restriction to the Troupes de Marine is justified by the specificity of this arm, one of the most present on the theatre of operations. So, the study of ritual and musical activities of the military population in conflicting and post-conflicting situation was possible, besides approaching the place of sung practices in the daily garnison life. The study particularly permits to enhance that the need of an important cohesion of the group is one of the main reasons of songs within ans apart from the duty. It also shows that this vocal practice is an integral part of the military culture and that it allows the claiming of a collective identity. ; Cette thèse de doctorat vise à comprendre quel peut être l'apport du chant dans la construction sociale et identitaire d'un ensemble fermé en dégageant les différentes fonctions de ce répertoire. Elle a également pour objectif d'analyser la mesure dans laquelle il intervient dans l'intégration des personnels ainsi que l'impact qu'il peut avoir sur la cohésion des groupes. En ce sens, une place importante a été donnée à l'analyse des aspects contextuels et humains du chant, tels que le ...