La futura estrategia de seguridad de la Unión Europea subrayará, como ya hiciera el Documento Solana, la necesidad de extender la zona de seguridad alrededor de Europa y evitar así que la ampliación cree nuevas líneas divisorias. Sin embargo, harían falta planteamientos más audaces y con visión de futuro respecto a la frontera Este de la UE, que impidan que Bielorrusia, Ucrania y Moldavia sean una "zona gris" entre Europa y Rusia. La geografía no puede ser la gran olvidada en una estrategia de seguridad global. La UE debe fomentar la estabilidad entre sus países limítrofes, pero algunas zonas tendrían que tener prioridad por su importancia geoestratégica, como es el caso de la frontera Este, tras las progresivas incorporaciones de Polonia, los Estados bálticos o Rumania. La UE no debería practicar una política de "esperar y ver" respecto a Bielorrusia, Ucrania y Moldavia. Si sus políticas no son más activas respecto a estos países, será Rusia la que ocupe su lugar o al menos tendrá un papel preponderante en la zona. Pero Bruselas no debería limitarse a fomentar la adopción del acervo comunitario y a configurar un espacio económico, y cerrar acto seguido las puertas a una posible integración de estos países de la antigua URSS. Al ser países geográficamente europeos, sus autoridades no podrán entender que los sacrificios sociales y económicos que se les exijan sólo sirvan para crear uniones aduaneras. No se trata de prometer alegremente una adhesión a unos países en plena transición económica y política, pero sí de hacer todo lo posible para que crezca en ellos la influencia europea. Los nuevos miembros de la UE en la zona jugarán un papel decisivo al respecto.
Chinese Buddhism entered a "revival" era since the 1980s, an era that brings changes to religious life, distanciating itself from the past in a modernization attempt, while maintaining a deep connection to tradition. Pushou temple (普寿寺), which opened in 1991 on mount Wutai (五台山) in China, is caught in the middle of these metamorphosis processes. This model temple, the largest institution for Buddhist nuns in mainland China, also hosts an Institute for Buddhist studies (中国五台山尼众佛学院). It chose to specialize in areas such as monastic discipline, education, and philanthropy, and in doing so launched the "Three-Plus-One" project ("三加一" 僧伽教育工程) in 2006 in cooperation with Dacheng temple (大乘寺), the Bodhi Love Association (菩提爱心协会), and the Qingtai retirement home (清泰安养园). According to Rurui (如瑞, 1957- ), the abbess of Pushou temple, the head of the Institute for Buddhist studies, and at the origin of the project, these three aspects are essential to monasticism : cultivation is at the base of saṅgha education, education is an insurance on the future, and philanthropy a "skilful means". Making these features coexist can be seen as a strategy devised by Pushou temple to "produce" Buddhism according to the expectations of the monastic and lay communities, society, and the state. From an ethnographic perspective, this research examines how this particular temple participates in China's religious and social life, and how contemporary Buddhism is redefined within this temple. This research aims at better understanding the movements of institutional Buddhism in the context of contemporary mainland China. ; Le bouddhisme chinois est entré depuis les années 1980 dans une période de « renouveau » entraînant des mutations de la vie religieuse, entre distanciation d'avec le passé dans un souci de modernisation, et réaffirmation du rapport à la tradition. Le temple Pushou (普寿寺), ouvert en 1991 sur le mont Wutai (五台山) en Chine, est à la croisée de ces processus de métamorphose. Ce temple modèle, la plus large institution pour les nonnes bouddhistes en Chine continentale, et hébergeant également un Institut d'études bouddhistes (中国五台山尼众佛学院), a choisi de se développer dans des domaines comme la discipline monastique, l'éducation, et la philanthropie. Pour couvrir ces différents aspects, il a d'ailleurs créé le projet « Trois-Plus-Un » ("三加一" 僧伽教育工程) en 2006, combinant les efforts de plusieurs institutions, les temples Pushou et Dacheng (大乘寺), l'association caritative Bodhi (菩提爱心协会), et la maison de retraite Qingtai (清泰安养园). Selon Rurui (如瑞, 1957- ), abbesse du temple Pushou, directrice de l'Institut, et instigatrice du projet, ces trois aspects sont indispensables au monachisme : l'élévation spirituelle est à la base de l'éducation du saṅgha, l'éducation est une assurance sur le futur, et la philanthropie un « moyen expédient ». On peut d'ailleurs voir dans leur coexistence une stratégie adoptée par le temple Pushou dans sa manière de « produire » le bouddhisme, en fonction des attentes de la communauté monastique et laïque, de la société séculière, et des instances politiques. À partir d'un travail ethnographique, cette recherche entend alors rendre compte de la façon dont le temple s'inscrit dans la vie religieuse et sociale en Chine, et de la façon dont ces éléments propres au bouddhisme contemporain se recomposent en son sein, participant ainsi à l'étude des mouvements du bouddhisme institutionnel contemporain en Chine continentale.
Chinese Buddhism entered a "revival" era since the 1980s, an era that brings changes to religious life, distanciating itself from the past in a modernization attempt, while maintaining a deep connection to tradition. Pushou temple (普寿寺), which opened in 1991 on mount Wutai (五台山) in China, is caught in the middle of these metamorphosis processes. This model temple, the largest institution for Buddhist nuns in mainland China, also hosts an Institute for Buddhist studies (中国五台山尼众佛学院). It chose to specialize in areas such as monastic discipline, education, and philanthropy, and in doing so launched the "Three-Plus-One" project ("三加一" 僧伽教育工程) in 2006 in cooperation with Dacheng temple (大乘寺), the Bodhi Love Association (菩提爱心协会), and the Qingtai retirement home (清泰安养园). According to Rurui (如瑞, 1957- ), the abbess of Pushou temple, the head of the Institute for Buddhist studies, and at the origin of the project, these three aspects are essential to monasticism : cultivation is at the base of saṅgha education, education is an insurance on the future, and philanthropy a "skilful means". Making these features coexist can be seen as a strategy devised by Pushou temple to "produce" Buddhism according to the expectations of the monastic and lay communities, society, and the state. From an ethnographic perspective, this research examines how this particular temple participates in China's religious and social life, and how contemporary Buddhism is redefined within this temple. This research aims at better understanding the movements of institutional Buddhism in the context of contemporary mainland China. ; Le bouddhisme chinois est entré depuis les années 1980 dans une période de « renouveau » entraînant des mutations de la vie religieuse, entre distanciation d'avec le passé dans un souci de modernisation, et réaffirmation du rapport à la tradition. Le temple Pushou (普寿寺), ouvert en 1991 sur le mont Wutai (五台山) en Chine, est à la croisée de ces processus de métamorphose. Ce temple modèle, la plus large institution pour les nonnes bouddhistes en Chine continentale, et hébergeant également un Institut d'études bouddhistes (中国五台山尼众佛学院), a choisi de se développer dans des domaines comme la discipline monastique, l'éducation, et la philanthropie. Pour couvrir ces différents aspects, il a d'ailleurs créé le projet « Trois-Plus-Un » ("三加一" 僧伽教育工程) en 2006, combinant les efforts de plusieurs institutions, les temples Pushou et Dacheng (大乘寺), l'association caritative Bodhi (菩提爱心协会), et la maison de retraite Qingtai (清泰安养园). Selon Rurui (如瑞, 1957- ), abbesse du temple Pushou, directrice de l'Institut, et instigatrice du projet, ces trois aspects sont indispensables au monachisme : l'élévation spirituelle est à la base de l'éducation du saṅgha, l'éducation est une assurance sur le futur, et la philanthropie un « moyen expédient ». On peut d'ailleurs voir dans leur coexistence une stratégie adoptée par le temple Pushou dans sa manière de « produire » le bouddhisme, en fonction des attentes de la communauté monastique et laïque, de la société séculière, et des instances politiques. À partir d'un travail ethnographique, cette recherche entend alors rendre compte de la façon dont le temple s'inscrit dans la vie religieuse et sociale en Chine, et de la façon dont ces éléments propres au bouddhisme contemporain se recomposent en son sein, participant ainsi à l'étude des mouvements du bouddhisme institutionnel contemporain en Chine continentale.
1. Preface: Platform Economy and Platformisation in India -- 2. Digital Emporiums: Platform Capitalism in India -- 3. The Networked Media Economy and the Indian Gilded Age -- 4. The Derivative Values of Platform Capitalism -- 5. Amazon Prime Video and the Indian Media Market: A Platform Ecosphere -- 6. Music Streaming platforms in India: Telecom and Technology Actors Repositioning the Game -- 7. Platforms at the Heart of Capitalism: Industrial and Financial Structures of OTTs in India -- 8. Journalistic Practices and Algorithmic Governance -- 9. Digital Economy Inequalities: An Exploratory Study of Ratings in Ride-Hailing Platforms -- 10. Platform over Troubled Waters: Aadhaar Authentication beyond Governance -- 11. Political Communication On Social Media Platforms And Its Implications For The Public Sphere In India -- 12. Portfolios of Fear and Risk in Platform News -- 13. Informality in the time of Platformization -- 14. Notes on The Platformisation of Mainstream Hinduism -- 15. Capitalist Platforms and Subaltern Creativity.
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In an era of post-globalization, the global political economy needs restructuring. This textbook examines the challenges facing the world economy as a result of climate change and social and economic inequality, and provides future-oriented solutions to them. Andersson presents and explains key concepts from Global Political Economy to show how to design and analyse potential reconstructions of the economic system. With a comprehensive exploration of the different ideological pathways that change might take, and taking account of gender, race and class, the author expertly guides the reader through thematic chapters, including: • the political economy of everyday life; • the regulation of global trade; • post-development; • the production of global value chains; • financial markets. This book will help readers see that global economic change is possible and support clear thinking about a global future that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable
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In 1981 I was asked by some DePauw University students to serve as faculty adviser for a group planning to work in rural Haiti during the nearly month-long interim term. I accepted the offer for several reasons. I had enjoyed being the faculty adviser for two previous work projects in Guatemala and Jamaica. I had found the experience was educationally valuable for undergraduates, and I could use it to enhance classroom learning during the semester. In addition, the experience of living and working in a radically different environment was intellectually stimulating for me as a social scientist interested in welfare economics. Finally, because such volunteer projects were rare in the early 1980s, I realized the opportunity should not be passed up. It was a chance to see a part of the world I had heard of but knew little or nothing about except from accounts found in newspaper and magazine articles.
"In view of the development of world concrete and construction, we see an evolution of the focus in the direction of: Safety Durability Serviceability/Functionality Sustainability It is important in this context to learn at least two things: - All the focuses in the evolution process are closely linked to each other and function upon need instead of occurring and existing independently or replacing one by another. - The latest developed focus - Sustainability is not only evolved from the previous focuses but works as a function of them as well. We therefore believe that sustainability is not only an environmental performance, it is indeed a holistic thinking/approach that can be considered as the function of safety, durability, functionality and economical feasibility, environmental compatibility and social responsibility. The level/magnitude of each focus to sustainability varies depending on the specific requirement of the target and local boundary conditions"--
Democracy in the Himalayan region / Vibha Arora and N. Jayaram -- The Adivasi/Janajati movement in Nepal: myths and realities of indigeneity / Gérard Toffin -- The power of script: Phālgunanda's role in the formation of Kiranti ethnicity / Martin Gaenszle -- Refiguring rights, redefining culture: hill council in Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir / Mona Bhan -- The paradox of democracy in the northeast and the eastern Himalayas / Vibna Arora -- Deep democracy or ethnocentrism? : locating voice in the protests against development in northeastern India / Duncan McDuie-Ra -- Democracy through the gun? : challenges of post-conflict reconstruction in conflict-torn Assam / Nel Vandekerckhove --Democratic transition in Jammu and Kashmir: lessons from nature conservation interventions / Saloni Gupta -- Tibetan democracy-in-exile: the 'uniqueness' and limitations of democratic procedures in a territory-less polity / Fiona McConnell -- The ebb and flow of Nepalese democracy / Renske Doorenspleet and Bal Gopal Shrestha -- The changing discourse of social justice in Nepal / Poshendra Satyal Pravat
Traditionally, social scientists have assumed that past imperialism hinders the future development prospects of colonized nations. Challenging this widespread belief, Matthew Lange argues in Lineages of Despotism and Development that countries once under direct British imperial control have developed more successfully than those that were ruled indirectly. Combining statistical analysis with in-depth case studies of former British colonies, this volume argues that direct rule promoted cogent and coherent states with high levels of bureaucratization and inclusiveness, which contributed to implementing development policy during late colonialism and independence. On the other hand, Lange finds that indirect British rule created patrimonial, weak states that preyed on their own populations. Firmly grounded in the tradition of comparative-historical analysis while offering fresh insight into the colonial roots of uneven development, Lineages of Despotism and Development will interest economists, sociologists, and political scientists alike.
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For decades, immigration has been at the core of the political and social debate in Europe. In the post-crisis environment, recent events have inflamed the migration agenda further, as freedom of movement is an essential decision-making point in the planned referendum on European Union (EU) membership in the United Kingdom, and the humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean is testing the limits of the EU and of its member states to manage migration in a humane and fair way. Large- scale immigration has long challenged the Westphalian tradition of nation-state sovereignty in Europe (Joppke, 1998). However, these tensions have only increased over the last decade, following conflicts in Europe's neighbourhood, the fall of the 'Iron Curtain' and the eastern enlargement of the EU, or the 2008 global economic and financial crisis. If until recently the most controversial aspect of immigration has been migrants and asylum-seekers from outside the EU and an invisibility of European migration and European migrants, in the last few years we observe that the very principle of migration from the other member states is challenged in a systematic manner for the first time since its proclamation in the Treaty of Rome (establishing the European Economic Community in 1958). The rebellion against the status quo on freedom of movement of people in the EU is led by Western European states. They are the almost exclusive receivers of EU migration, either from the other Western European states, or from the new member states in Central and Western Europe. This essay traces the transformation of EU migration over the last decade, following the most recent enlargements and the south–north migration which has re-emerged since the financial crisis, and examines the causes of an unprecedented contestation of free movement rights. ; Peer reviewed
In this work of critical theory, Black studies, and visual culture studies, the author reads race as a theory of the image. By placing emphasis on the surface of the visual as the repository of its meaning, race presents the most enduring ontological approach to what images are, how they feel, and what they mean. Having established her theoretical concerns, the author's eclectic readings of various artifacts of visual culture, fine arts, cinema, and rhetorical tropes provoke and destabilize readers' visual comfort zone, forcing them to recognize the unstated racial aspects of viewing and the foundational role of race in informing the visual. -- Back cover.
Nongovernmental organizations are frequently represented as the agents of international organizations, slaves to a singular neoliberal development paradigm imposed from above. In this article, the author describes a locally based nongovernmental organization in Mexico City that eludes such critiques by innovatively combining aspects of neoliberalism with elements of state corporatism. In its effort to improve the lives of street children & impoverished families, the organization borrows from neoliberalism its distrust of government & other potentially paternalistic institutions. Meanwhile, it rejects neoliberalism's reliance on the market & attempts to empower families & communities to act as intermediaries between individuals & the ravages of global capitalism. 16 References. [Copyright 2003 Sage Publications, Inc.]
A major aspect of the Third World's higher education scene in the post-1945 period has been the expansion of the number & size of Us. Often approaching a tenfold growth, this development has been marked by a remarkable worldwide similarity of curriculum & structures of governance. A factor in the growth & character of these institutions has been the Fulbright program -- an international educational exchange program -- in concert with the role of the US as the educator of choice for Third World academic personnel. The contributions of the Fulbright program have been both direct & programmatic, & indirect & incidental, to the process of academic exchange. 4 Tables, 6 Figures. HA
ABSTRACT Objective: analyzing health conceptions of users of a Family Health Strategy and the interface of these with the actions of education and health promotion. Method: a descriptive study of a qualitative approach performed in a Family Health Strategy in the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with three families. The information obtained was analyzed according to precepts of socio-anthropological studies, ranging on four principles: ethical, ecological, political and pedagogical. Results: users with low educational level and family income. The concept of health is subjective; it emerges from the experiences of the respective subjects. Relate disease to lack of self-care, inability to perform activities of daily living, combined with pain. They are unaware of the existence of health education activities in the respective unit. Conclusion: recognizing the daily life, living conditions, social aspects, and cultural users is important to implement health promotion actions. Descriptors: Patient Care; Family Health Strategy; Health Education; Health Promotion. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar concepções de saúde de usuários de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família e a interface destas com as ações de educação e de promoção em saúde. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com três famílias. As informações obtidas foram analisadas conforme preceitos da pesquisa socioantropológica, compreendida em quatro princípios: ético, ecológico, político e pedagógico. Resultados: usuários com baixa escolaridade e renda familiar. O conceito de saúde é subjetivo, emerge a partir das experiências vividas pelos respectivos sujeitos. Relacionam doença à falta de cuidado de si, impossibilidade de realizar atividades da vida diária, aliado à dor. Eles desconhecem a existência atividades de educação em saúde na respectiva unidade. Conclusão: conhecer o cotidiano, condições de vida, aspectos sociais, culturais de usuários é importante para implementar ações de promoção em saúde. Descritores: Assistência ao Paciente; Estratégia Saúde da Família; Educação em Saúde; Promoção da Saúde. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las concepciones de salud de los usuarios de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y la interfaz de éstos con las acciones de educación y promoción de la salud. Método: este es un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en el noroeste de Rio Grande do Sul, con tres familias. La información obtenida se analizó como preceptos de estudios socio-antropológicos, que van en cuatro principios: ético, ecológico, político y pedagógico. Resultados: los usuarios con bajo nivel de educación y el ingreso familiar. El concepto de salud es subjetivo, se desprende de las experiencias de los sujetos respectivos. Relacionan la enfermedad a la falta de autocuidado, incapacidad para realizar actividades de la vida diaria, junto con el dolor. Ellos desconocen la existencia de actividades de educación para la salud en la unidad. Conclusión: para conocer la vida cotidiana, las condiciones de vida, los aspectos sociales, culturales de usuarios es importante la implementación de actividades de promoción de la salud. Descriptores: Atención al Paciente; Estrategia Salud de la Familia; Educación para la Salud; Promoción de la Salud. ; RESUMO Objetivo: analisar concepções de saúde de usuários de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família e a interface destas com as ações de educação e de promoção em saúde. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com três famílias. As informações obtidas foram analisadas conforme preceitos da pesquisa socioantropológica, compreendida em quatro princípios: ético, ecológico, político e pedagógico. Resultados: usuários com baixa escolaridade e renda familiar. O conceito de saúde é subjetivo, emerge a partir das experiências vividas pelos respectivos sujeitos. Relacionam doença à falta de cuidado de si, impossibilidade de realizar atividades da vida diária, aliado à dor. Eles desconhecem a existência atividades de educação em saúde na respectiva unidade. Conclusão: conhecer o cotidiano, condições de vida, aspectos sociais, culturais de usuários é importante para implementar ações de promoção em saúde. Descritores: Assistência ao Paciente; Estratégia Saúde da Família; Educação em Saúde; Promoção da Saúde. ABSTRACT Objective: analyzing health conceptions of users of a Family Health Strategy and the interface of these with the actions of education and health promotion. Method: a descriptive study of a qualitative approach performed in a Family Health Strategy in the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with three families. The information obtained was analyzed according to precepts of socio-anthropological studies, ranging on four principles: ethical, ecological, political and pedagogical. Results: users with low educational level and family income. The concept of health is subjective; it emerges from the experiences of the respective subjects. Relate disease to lack of self-care, inability to perform activities of daily living, combined with pain. They are unaware of the existence of health education activities in the respective unit. Conclusion: recognizing the daily life, living conditions, social aspects, and cultural users is important to implement health promotion actions. Descriptors: Patient Care; Family Health Strategy; Health Education; Health Promotion. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las concepciones de salud de los usuarios de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y la interfaz de éstos con las acciones de educación y promoción de la salud. Método: este es un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en el noroeste de Rio Grande do Sul, con tres familias. La información obtenida se analizó como preceptos de estudios socio-antropológicos, que van en cuatro principios: ético, ecológico, político y pedagógico. Resultados: los usuarios con bajo nivel de educación y el ingreso familiar. El concepto de salud es subjetivo, se desprende de las experiencias de los sujetos respectivos. Relacionan la enfermedad a la falta de autocuidado, incapacidad para realizar actividades de la vida diaria, junto con el dolor. Ellos desconocen la existencia de actividades de educación para la salud en la unidad. Conclusión: para conocer la vida cotidiana, las condiciones de vida, los aspectos sociales, culturales de usuarios es importante la implementación de actividades de promoción de la salud. Descriptores: Atención al Paciente; Estrategia Salud de la Familia; Educación para la Salud; Promoción de la Salud.
Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called 'Open Science.'
