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We are delighted to welcome Geoffrey Pleyers as our next speaker at Ramsay Garden. Geoffrey is a researcher at the University of Louvain in Belgium and an expert in the multifarious manifestations of the global justice movement that has sprung up in recent years to protest against neoliberal globalisation and offering constructive alternatives. The Occupy movement, arising out of the financial crisis, is the latest prominent example. Unlike most commentators, Pleyers has 'conducted extensive field research' since 1999, in Europe, Latin America and at eight world social forums. His is the thoughtful voice of experience. His book Alter-Globalisation describes the tension he has observed in the movement between 'the way of objective reason' (trying to change the world through rational argument with those in power) and 'the way of subjective experience' (being the change we wish to see in the world, as an example and demonstration to others). Those tensions were clearly evident in the Occupy movement last year – including in how it was viewed by outsiders. But the tension is also clear much closer to home - in all attempts at policy-making and social change.

В статье рассмотрены особенности политической культуры студентов Удмуртской Республики, их задействованность в общественно-политической жизни региона, а также участие в протестном движении. Автор приходит к выводу, что социальная активность студенческой молодежи Удмуртии направлена на диалог с государством для защиты своих интересов через законные формы. Большинство не намерено прибегать к участию в митингах и демонстрациях, забастовках и акциях протеста. В молодежной среде достаточно высокий уровень толерантности по отношению к представителям других культур, что во многом обусловлено выработанным в региональном социуме многовековым опытом межэтнического сосуществования. ; The article considers features of political culture of students of the Udmurt Republic, their involvement in social-political life in the region, as well as participation in protest movement. The author concludes that social activity of student youth of Udmurtia is aimed at a dialogue with state authorities in order to defend their interests through legal procedures. The majority of youth does not intend to take part in rallies and demonstrations, strikes and protest actions. There is rather high level of tolerance in youth environment in relation to representatives of other cultures, due to experience of inter-ethnic coexistence in the region, which is elaborated through centuries.

Most papers which deal with the issue of tourism and collective identities of local people point at the influence of the former on the latter, these influences being said to be either source of problems or stimulation. This paper takes the opposite point of view: when and under which conditions the will to express a collective identity can lead to the development of cultural tourism in relation with these public identities? This paper presents a few cases of political and cultural instrumentralization of tourism development. It enters into details for three examples : Chamonix (France), Little Italy in New York City and the gay district in Manchester (UK). It explains that a decisive condition of such an instrumentralization lies in the capacity of a social group or local stakeholders (the Chamoniards, Italo-américains of Little Italy, gay activists in Manchester) to promote the imaginary of a very specific place, to present themselves as being highly dependant of this place, in order to build a spatial equivalence between a tourist place and the place of their cultural and political demonstration.

Milwaukee's voucher program, the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP), was created by state legislation in 1990 and enables low-income residents of the Milwaukee Public School district (MPS) to enroll at taxpayer expense in private schools that have been certified by the state Department of Public Instruction. The School Choice Demonstration Project at the University of Arkansas released in 2012 the final reports based on its five-year longitudinal growth study of this voucher program. The following reviews are of three of these reports: Report #29 compares voucher and MPS elementary and middle school test-scores; Report #30 compares graduation and post-secondary enrollment and persistence rates of MPS and MPCP students; and Report #32 compares test performance of MPCP and MPS students in grades 4, 8 and 10 in reading, math, and science. The reviewed reports use largely sound methods, but the data they assemble provide little to support the 22-year-old school voucher program. To some extent, this is because of specific methodological or analytical shortcomings. But it's also because the data and the reports simply fail to demonstrate that voucher schools are associated with improved outcomes.

"This article examines the interaction of legitimation, cooptation, and repression in China's authoritarian consolidation. It shows that the totalitarian regime under Mao Zedong was characterized by a low degree of performance and cooptation and that it had to rely on extreme repression and ideological indoctrination to stay in power. After the death of Mao Zedong, the character of the regime changed markedly. The new elites made sparing use of repression and indoctrination but did not compensate the abdication of coercive and ideological control with increases in the performance or cooptation of powerful social groups. This induced a power vacuum, in which popular discontent against increasing corruption, rising inequality, and high inflation fermented. The student demonstrations of 1989, which quickly spread to include other population groups, were an expression of this discontent. Learning from this crisis, the communist party leadership subsequently initiated reforms to increase regime performance and co-opted an increasing number of social groups. The use of repression remained a last resort option. The central findings of this contribution are that these measures significantly improved the stability of China's one - party autocracy." (author's abstract)

Trends in global business course, as well as globalization process have
caused the need for more clear and significant demonstration of social
responsibility in all business segments. For a long time, at business
organization level, ethical and moral expectations of management have been
present, as way to contribute to community development and welfare. This
concept is known as corporate social responsibility concept (CSR). The aim of
this paper was to show the existence of elements of CSR concept in
scientific-research organizations. First part of paper present literature
overview shaping by different theory about definition of CSR. Investigation
is present in second part of this paper. The survey was conducted on a sample
of almost 30% of these organizations in the Republic of Serbia, presented on
the basis of perception that employees and managers have about social
responsibilities of institutes were they work. Survey results indicates, that
the scientific-research organizations are represented elements of the concept
of CSR, but two-way communication between management and employees is not
sufficiently present, which directly reflects the different image, both of
them have, about socially responsibility.

"This article examines the interaction of legitimation, cooptation, and repression in China's authoritarian consolidation. It shows that the totalitarian regime under Mao Zedong was characterized by a low degree of performance and cooptation and that it had to rely on extreme repression and ideological indoctrination to stay in power. After the death of Mao Zedong, the character of the regime changed markedly. The new elites made sparing use of repression and indoctrination but did not compensate the abdication of coercive and ideological control with increases in the performance or cooptation of powerful social groups. This induced a power vacuum, in which popular discontent against increasing corruption, rising inequality, and high inflation fermented. The student demonstrations of 1989, which quickly spread to include other population groups, were an expression of this discontent. Learning from this crisis, the communist party leadership subsequently initiated reforms to increase regime performance and co-opted an increasing number of social groups. The use of repression remained a last resort option. The central findings of this contribution are that these measures significantly improved the stability of China's one - party autocracy." (author's abstract)

The capabilities, tools and websites we associate with new information communication technologies and social media are now ubiquitous. Moreover tools that were designed to facilitate innocuous conversation and social interaction have had unforeseen political impacts. Nowhere was this more visible than during the 2011 uprisings across the Arab World. From Tunis to Cairo, and Tripoli to Damascus protest movements against authoritarian rule openly utilized social networking and file sharing tools to publicize and organize demonstrations and to catalogue human rights abuses. The Arab Spring, or Jasmine Revolution, was an event that was both witnessed and played out in real time online. This article explores the impacts and effects of these technologies on regimes in East Asia, in particular exploring the extent to which they proffer new capabilities upon activists and reformers in the region's semi-democratic and authoritarian regimes. Drawing on data on Internet and smartphone use, as well as case studies that explore the role of these technologies on the 2008 and 2011 general elections in Malaysia and Singapore respectively, this article suggests that the Internet and social networking platforms do present unique opportunities for activists, citizens and social movements.

Ogoniland in the Niger Delta was subjected to excessive militarization during Nigeria's military dictatorships. Nigerian Armed Forces used acts of violence and repression, including various forms of sexual violence, as instruments to intimidate the people and ultimately contain the "Ogoni insurgency." This article reconstructs the history of the military occupation of Ogoniland and the acts of sexual violence perpetrated by Nigerian Armed Forces—an area in which little research has previously been conducted. It examines the factors contributing to acts of violence in the Ogoni conflicts committed with the active complicity of the State in the context of a nationalized conflict. Data for the study were derived from both primary and secondary sources, including in-person and focus group interviews. An imbalance of power relations was identified as the ultimate cause of violent acts, which were used as demonstrations of power and weapons of State terrorism. The wider sociocultural meanings and implications of these violations are diverse, deep-rooted, and altogether utterly destructive to the social fabric of Nigeria. Finally, the unwillingness of the State to engage with this historical episode in Ogoniland could lead to repeated violence in Ogoniland and elsewhere.

This work presents the elements of economic analysis of law that occur in the thought of Gaetano Filangieri. In the pages of La Scienza della Legislazione the Neapolitan writer develops a utilitarian and economic investigation that pays attention to the judgments individuals make over social phenomena at the margin point. A proof of this development can be found in the explanation of the principle of decreasing marginal utility, argued in Head XXXI of Book III, which represents one of the most effective demonstrations that can be found before the end of nineteenth-century literature. The most remarkable fact is that, of all the five parts that compose the Filangierian work, the most rich in economic arguments is dedicated to "Criminal Laws."This article will point out this and other innovative results of the Filangerian analysis, and will also offer a reconstruction of the economic theory on crime and punishment presented in La Scienza della Legislazione. Filangieri's criminal doctrine represents a significant example of the Enlightenment antecedents of "law and economics," as well as the better known contributions made by Beccaria and Bentham.

AbstractA new approach for anticipating and shaping adversarial behavior is developed and demonstrated. The approach extends the notion of prediction, which is a forecast of the future from a third party point of view, to anticipation, which is a forecast from the perspective of an entity having partial control in a domain. Shaping utilizes the models developed for anticipation to determine actions that influence another influential entity (e.g., an enemy) and actions to direct the emergent phenomena of a domain according to an entity's objectives. The approach is developed using principles of control theory and demonstrated in the southeastern region of Afghanistan. A key capability demonstrated by this approach is its ability to handle proactive adversaries when actionable intelligence is nonexistent. In the demonstration, Taliban (Red) combat actions are anticipated from the perspective of the coalition forces (Blue) across time, across space, and by the current state of the region and then shaped to Blue's desires. Shaping identifies periods of time that simultaneous or alternating Blue combat actions in different regions help meet Blue's military and nonmilitary objectives. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011

This paper describes the results of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) experiments implementing cooperative maneuvering for three different vehicles driving automatically. The cars used were cybercars from the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (INRIA), (France), which are fully automated road vehicles, and two mass-produced cars-one a Smart Fortwo car from TNO (Netherlands) equipped with additional actuators and sensors and the other a convertible Citroe¨n C3 from IAI (Spain) that uses sensorial information to manage the actuators. The cars communicate by a wireless mesh network over Wi-Fi using the optimized link state routing (OLSR) ad-hoc protocol. The entire communication task is embedded in a small MIPS Linux Box (4G System Cube) that is transparent for the cars. A standard framework was defined with the parameters needed to perform adaptive cruise control (ACC) and intersection maneuvers among the cars, as well as emergency stops via a signal sent by the infrastructure. The experiments were carried out in La Rochelle (France) during the final demonstration of the European Union (EU) Cybercars-2 Project.

This paper describes the results of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) experiments implementing cooperative maneuvering for three different vehicles driving automatically. The cars used were cybercars from the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (INRIA), (France), which are fully automated road vehicles, and two mass-produced cars-one a Smart Fortwo car from TNO (Netherlands) equipped with additional actuators and sensors and the other a convertible Citroe¨n C3 from IAI (Spain) that uses sensorial information to manage the actuators. The cars communicate by a wireless mesh network over Wi-Fi using the optimized link state routing (OLSR) ad-hoc protocol. The entire communication task is embedded in a small MIPS Linux Box (4G System Cube) that is transparent for the cars. A standard framework was defined with the parameters needed to perform adaptive cruise control (ACC) and intersection maneuvers among the cars, as well as emergency stops via a signal sent by the infrastructure. The experiments were carried out in La Rochelle (France) during the final demonstration of the European Union (EU) Cybercars-2 Project.

Ludwig von Mises was the acknowledged leader of the Austrian School of economic thought, a prodigious originator in economic theory, and a prolific author. Mises's writings and lectures encompassed economic theory, history, epistemology, government, and political philosophy. His contributions to economic theory include important clarifications on the quantity theory of money, the theory of the trade cycle, the integration of monetary theory with economic theory in general, and a demonstration that socialism must fail because it cannot solve the problem of economic calculation. Mises was the first scholar to recognize that economics is part of a larger science in human action, a science that Mises called praxeology. Austrian business cycle theory has a legitimate claim to being the most authoritative explanation of the recent global financial and economic crisis. Indeed, many mainstream economists have begun to analyze the crisis, perhaps unwittingly so, in terms that sound as if they were derived directly from the Mises theory of macroeconomic fluctuations. Even advanced economic research into financial leverage and liquidity does conceptually little more than develop the framework of Austrian business cycle theory.