Suchergebnisse

L'appropriation de la thématique du multiculturalisme par les partisans du républicanisme fait l'objet de cet article. Dans un premier temps, il est permis de se demander si l'idée même d'un multiculturalisme républicain fait sens ; mais comme je le montrerai, le refus d'un projet multiculturel républicain est une exception française. Or, chez les penseurs néo-républicains, tels Philip Pettit, John Maynor et Cécile Laborde, le multiculturalisme a reçu une attention particulière. Je montrerai les particularités de chacune de ces approches et en particulier, comment les travaux de Laborde arrivent à résoudre des tensions que la pensée néo-républicaine entretient avec la reconnaissance de la diversité culturelle, en ajoutant une perspective critique à la voie délibérative ouverte par Maynor. L'originalité du multiculturalisme républicain consiste ainsi à rappeler le caractère instrumental de la politisation des identités minoritaires, puisqu'il s'agit à chaque fois de lutter contre l'assignation identitaire que subissent les membres des minorités, et non pas de valoriser publiquement leurs différences. ; The appropriation of the theme of multiculturalism by republican thinkers is the subject of this article. One may start by doubting that the very idea of a republican multiculturalism makes any sense, but as I shall show, the repudiation of any multicultural republican project is a French exception. Neo-republican thinkers such as Philip Pettit, John Maynor and Cécile Laborde have given special attention to multiculturalism. I will investigate the peculiarities of each of these approaches and, in particular, how Laborde resolves the tensions that neo-republicans may entertain with the recognition of cultural diversity, by inserting a critical perspective in the deliberative proposition initiated by Maynor. The originality of a republican multiculturalism is thus to recall the instrumental nature of the politicization of minority identities in the struggle against the ascription of identity faced by minorities, and not to enhance their public differences.

L'idéal républicain de la liberté comme non-domination promu par P. Pettit possède un potentiel intéressant pour penser l'évolution de l'internationalisme. Cet article examine l'enjeu éthique et politique de l'application institutionnelle de la liberté comme non-domination à l'échelle supranationale. Il discute en particulier la thèse de J. Bohman, qui a récemment proposé une interprétation délibérative et cosmopolitique de la conception de la liberté républicaine. Mais le passage de la citoyenneté démocratique nationale à la citoyenneté cosmopolitique, tel que défendu par Bohman, nous semble reposer sur des conceptions trop exigeantes et compréhensives de l'impartialité et de la démocratie. En nous appuyant sur les travaux socio-historiques de S. Sassen et de C. Tilly, nous soutenons que des idéaux normatifs moins exigeants de l'impartialité et de la démocratie gagneraient en réalisme sociologique et en correspondance avec les mécanismes actuellement impliqués dans l'évolution de la coopération internationale et dans la démocratisation des sociétés. ; The republican ideal of freedom as non-domination, as promoted by P. Pettit, offers good grounds for thinking about the evolution of internationalism. This paper evaluates the ethical and political dimensions of freedom as non-domination at the supranational level. I discuss the argument of J. Bohman, who has recently proposed a deliberative and cosmopolitan interpretation of freedom as non-domination. I argue that the move from national democratic citizenship to a cosmopolitan conception of citizenship, as championed by Bohman, is justified by overtly comprehensive and taxing conceptions of impartiality and democracy. I then refer to recent sociological-historical works by S. Sassen and C. Tilly, and argue that less demanding normative conceptions of impartiality and democracy could gain sociological realism and correspondence with the actual evolution of the mechanisms of supranational cooperation and the democratization of societies.

This present research aims at studying sport discourses and their links with the notion of identity by the act of naming in the discursive construction of a sportman or sportwomen referent. Two major events are considered, the last two big events organized in France : the olympic Games of Albertville 1992 and the soccer world Cup 1998 (won by the French national team). It is par- ticularly focused on the national and ethnic dimensions. Nationality and ethnicity are strongly linked in the imaginery representations of our official grouping. This study is syntactic, seman- tic and argumentative by analyzing both at syntagmatic and dialogical levels. Sports writings are usually close to the Aristotelician genre of epideictic but they tend to be more and more deliberative with some interests from the politics. They borrow some of its elements (termino- logy, syntax, prosody, etc.). Categorization is the link between the studies, confronting most of the time the dialectic of the Same and the Other by constent ingrouping ou outgrouping. This research leads to the conclusion that naming in sports discourses has a lot to tell about the confusions of identities but also about the complexity of social representations. ; Ce travail a pour objet d'étudier les discours sportifs et leurs rapports avec la notion d'identité à partir d'un corpus médiatique réuni autour de deux événements : les derniers Jeux olympiques en France (Albertville 1992) et la dernière coupe du monde du XXe siècle (France 1998 et la victoire de l'équipe nationale). L'analyse est sémantique, syntaxique et argumentative puisque nous étudierons les phénomènes de constructions identitaires dans deux dimensions du dis- cours, le niveau syntagmatique et le niveau dialogique. L'étude des productions de noms de sportifs, associées à leurs potentielles appartenances multiples (clubs, ville, nation, etc.), révèle une forte application du schéma dialectique du Même et de l'Autre. Dans son "écriture", le sport est proche du genre ...

12 p ; The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership ...

The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership with ...

12 p ; The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership ...

This thesis presents the study and the implementation of a system that manages autonomously the configuration of a formation of unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs. The purposes are to improve the safety and the efficiency of a group of military UAVs, and to fill the gap between mission planning layers and formation control layers. Formation flight is particularly suited for military applications in hostile environments, that require synchronizations on target arrivals or mutual support for jamming. One of the difficulties raised is the autonomous choice of the configuration. Our approach is to develop an intermediate layer, dedicated to the formation and to the management of its configuration, between the deliberative and functionnal layers. Once a configuration is specified, it has to be allocated to the UAVs according to the tactical constraints and the available ressources. As the safety of the flight is a prime issue, reconfiguration maneuvers are planned to switch between two configurations, with respect to a security distance. Solutions have been developed based on the Branch & Bound algorithm to solve the assigment problems, and on the A* algorithm for reconfiguration trajectories planning. Moreover, a formation control has been implemented, allowing to validate our approach, both with simulations and real experimentations. ; L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude et la mise en oeuvre d'un système de gestion automatique de la configuration d'une formation d'avions sans pilote, ou drones. Les objectifs sont, d'une part, d'améliorer la sécurité et l'efficacité d'un groupe de drones de combat, et, d'autre part, de faire le lien entre les niveaux de planification de missions et les niveaux fonctionnels de contrôle de la formation. Le vol en formation est particulièrement bien adapté pour des applications militaires en milieux hostiles, qui requièrent des synchronisations pour l'arrivée sur les cibles ou du support mutuel pour le brouillage. L'une des difficultés soulevées est le choix autonome de la ...

This thesis presents the study and the implementation of a system that manages autonomously the configuration of a formation of unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs. The purposes are to improve the safety and the efficiency of a group of military UAVs, and to fill the gap between mission planning layers and formation control layers. Formation flight is particularly suited for military applications in hostile environments, that require synchronizations on target arrivals or mutual support for jamming. One of the difficulties raised is the autonomous choice of the configuration. Our approach is to develop an intermediate layer, dedicated to the formation and to the management of its configuration, between the deliberative and functionnal layers. Once a configuration is specified, it has to be allocated to the UAVs according to the tactical constraints and the available ressources. As the safety of the flight is a prime issue, reconfiguration maneuvers are planned to switch between two configurations, with respect to a security distance. Solutions have been developed based on the Branch & Bound algorithm to solve the assigment problems, and on the A* algorithm for reconfiguration trajectories planning. Moreover, a formation control has been implemented, allowing to validate our approach, both with simulations and real experimentations. ; L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude et la mise en oeuvre d'un système de gestion automatique de la configuration d'une formation d'avions sans pilote, ou drones. Les objectifs sont, d'une part, d'améliorer la sécurité et l'efficacité d'un groupe de drones de combat, et, d'autre part, de faire le lien entre les niveaux de planification de missions et les niveaux fonctionnels de contrôle de la formation. Le vol en formation est particulièrement bien adapté pour des applications militaires en milieux hostiles, qui requièrent des synchronisations pour l'arrivée sur les cibles ou du support mutuel pour le brouillage. L'une des difficultés soulevées est le choix autonome de la ...

This thesis presents the study and the implementation of a system that manages autonomously the configuration of a formation of unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs. The purposes are to improve the safety and the efficiency of a group of military UAVs, and to fill the gap between mission planning layers and formation control layers. Formation flight is particularly suited for military applications in hostile environments, that require synchronizations on target arrivals or mutual support for jamming. One of the difficulties raised is the autonomous choice of the configuration. Our approach is to develop an intermediate layer, dedicated to the formation and to the management of its configuration, between the deliberative and functionnal layers. Once a configuration is specified, it has to be allocated to the UAVs according to the tactical constraints and the available ressources. As the safety of the flight is a prime issue, reconfiguration maneuvers are planned to switch between two configurations, with respect to a security distance. Solutions have been developed based on the Branch & Bound algorithm to solve the assigment problems, and on the A* algorithm for reconfiguration trajectories planning. Moreover, a formation control has been implemented, allowing to validate our approach, both with simulations and real experimentations. ; L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude et la mise en oeuvre d'un système de gestion automatique de la configuration d'une formation d'avions sans pilote, ou drones. Les objectifs sont, d'une part, d'améliorer la sécurité et l'efficacité d'un groupe de drones de combat, et, d'autre part, de faire le lien entre les niveaux de planification de missions et les niveaux fonctionnels de contrôle de la formation. Le vol en formation est particulièrement bien adapté pour des applications militaires en milieux hostiles, qui requièrent des synchronisations pour l'arrivée sur les cibles ou du support mutuel pour le brouillage. L'une des difficultés soulevées est le choix autonome de la ...

12 p ; The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership ...

This thesis would like to become a prospective, critical and comparative reading of Rawls, Habermas and Eboussi Boulaga?s theories of democracy, rule of law and human rights, through some of their basic Books. The aim is, through the Operative Concept of An inviolability of Human Dignity, to understand Rawls, Habermas and Eboussi Boulaga?s meaning of human rights, democracy and rule of law. This understanding is rooted on this question: how far this meaning could be universally and normatively valid? Is it meaningful within the contemporary debate on human rights? philosophy and on the reconstruction of the rule of law in Sub-Saharan African Countries? The answers to these questions are spreading out some logical arguments, which could determine these philosopher?s Route and their philosophical influences: they reached to the reconstruction?s theories of human rights, democracy and rule of law through a dynamic understanding of Rawls?s concept of political justice; of Habermas?s principle of discussion and communicational power of the rights? bearers, enjoying their private and public autonomy within the framework of deliberative democracy, and, finally, of Eboussi Boulaga?s critical evaluation, by the Muntu, of the organizational functionality of social connection through some anthropological categories. In this thesis, the category of possibility is understood, as a paradigm, i.e as ?bridge principle? or ?procedural principle?, which can permit not only to determine some juridical, political and philosophical insights of these philosophers? theories but also to outline some basic principles of a ?communal and federalist democracy?. These principles should appear as a pathway to reconstructing the rule of law in Sub-Saharan African Countries in general and in Cameroon particularly. ; Ce travail veut être une lecture comparative, critique et prospective des théories de la démocratie, de l?Etat de droit et des droits humains chez Rawls, Habermas et Eboussi Boulaga à partir de leurs ouvrages précis. Il s'agit, ...

12 p ; The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership ...

The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership with ...

The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership with ...

12 p ; The concept of sustainable development and its related principles, in particular public participation, changed dramatically in France the way of developing and implementing public policies for spatial planning. It progressively shifted from sectorial, technical and centralized approaches to more holistic, participatory and deliberative approaches. Individual citizens and social groups in interaction are becoming more numerous and diversified, as well as the habitus and social representations. Thus, getting mutual understanding and a share vision of the territory becomes longer and more complex. In this context, the informational and communicational dimension of these widened socio-technical processes turns to play a central role (Bertacchini et al 2006). To face such a challenge, one of the possible solutions is to introduce mediating objects (Vinck 2006) able to help formulating and making understandable by other participants different kinds of knowledge available among the actors network. This paper deals with a specific communicational artefact, the 3D physical scale-model. That kind of artefact has intrinsic properties suitable for synchronous, face to face and bidirectional communicational processes and it doesn't require heavy decoding tasks (Maurel 2001). It has been widely used in the past centuries by military to prepare the defence or the siege of strategic sites (Warmoes 1997). It is now widely used in developing countries to support participatory development projects (Rambaldi 2002). In France, there is at the moment a clear preference for 3D digital or virtual representations and physical 3D scale-models are rarely used, except for the promotion of urban planning projects. An experiment has, however, been launched in the framework of an operational research study integrated in the spatial planning process of the Thau territory situated on the Mediterranean coast (Maurel 2008). Four different physical 3D scale-models have been co-produced by a network of local environmental NGOs in partnership ...