Suchergebnisse

THE SUCCESS OF DOMENIC MARIO BOZZOTTO, PRESIDENT OF LOCAL 26 OF THE HOTEL EMPLOYEES AND RESTAURANT EMPLOYEES (HERE) UNION, IS PRESENTED TO ILLUSTRATE A SUCCESS STORY IN UNION ORGANIZING. THE STORY OF HOW HE FOUGHT BOSTON'S PARK PLAZA HOTEL AND ITS PART OWNER, THE JOHN HANCOCK COMPANY, IS DETAILED TO SHOW THE TACTICS USED IN EFFECTIVE ORGANIZING AND CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS. IN CONTRAST, THE AUTHOR LAMENTS THAT THIS TYPE OF ORGANIZING IS FEW AND FAR BETWEEN IN THE INCREASINGLY BUREAUCRATIZED LABOR UNIONS. HE ARGUES THAT UNIONS ARE BECOMING NO MORE THAN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS FOR THEIR MEMBERS AND THAT THE REAGAN ERA HAS LEFT THEM INWARD LOOKING AND PASSIVE. THE AUTHOR PRESENTS STATISTICS ON THE LEVELS OF NEWLY INDUCTED MEMBERS IN THE AFL-CIO VERSUS THE NUMBER OF LOSSES IN THE MEMBERSHIP FOR SEVERAL YEARS IN THE 80'S. THE STATUS OF ORGANIZERS IN THE CAREER UNION LEADER LADDER IS POINTED OUT AS BEING LOW-LEVEL AND LOW-PAYING COMPARED WITH THOSE WHO ACT AS BUSINESS AGENTS.

Conversion therapy, which refers to a set of practices that aim to change or suppress the sexual orientation or gender identity of LGBTI people, causes harm to young European citizens. Notwithstanding, only three of 44 sovereign states in Europe have banned the practices. Moreover, the European organisations - the Council of Europe and European Union - have not taken sufficient action, although they have certain competences to adopt legislation in the field of LGBTI rights. In the absence of explicit legislation on conversion therapy, the article principally examines conversion therapy under European human rights law. More specifically, the article seeks to answer whether conversion therapy violates the individual rights of recipients and if individual rights grant providers a right to perform the practices under European human rights law. By extension, the article scrutinises whether a domestic ban on conversion therapy in European states can be justified considering the interests of states and providers. Finally, the article encompasses a normative assessment on the future regulation of conversion therapy in Europe.