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Die digitale Transformation stellt wissenschaftliche Bibliothekar:innen vor neue Herausforderungen, die nicht nur den praktischen Umgang mit neuen Technologien betreffen, sondern die eine neue Art des Handelns, Kommunizierens, Kooperierens sowie ein neues professionelles Rollenverständnis hervorgebracht haben. Dies entspricht längst nicht mehr dem klassischen Selbstverständnis des "höheren Dienstes", in dessen Mittelpunkt eine auf den Bestand fokussierte Fachreferatsarbeit stand und dessen Aufgabengebiete durch eine streng hierarchische Organisationsstruktur der Bibliothek geprägt und begrenzt waren. Die Digitalisierung hat diese Ordnung in Bewegung gebracht und zahlreiche neue Aufgabenbereiche sowie Service- und Funktionsstellen entstehen lassen. Heute arbeiten Bibliothekar:innen mit den Wissenschaftler:innen in Forschung und Lehre zusammen, unterstützen Forschende im Umgang mit Forschungsdaten, entwickeln digitale Lernangebote für heterogene Zielgruppen und übernehmen Aufgaben in der Datenprozessierung. Das Handbuch richtet sich an die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung, soll aber auch eine Standortbestimmung bibliothekarischen Handelns in der digital geprägten Informationswelt bieten. ; Die digitale Transformation stellt wissenschaftliche Bibliothekar:innen vor neue Herausforderungen, die nicht nur den praktischen Umgang mit neuen Technologien betreffen, sondern die eine neue Art des Handelns, Kommunizierens, Kooperierens sowie ein neues professionelles Rollenverständnis hervorgebracht haben. Dies entspricht längst nicht mehr dem klassischen Selbstverständnis des "höheren Dienstes", in dessen Mittelpunkt eine auf den Bestand fokussierte Fachreferatsarbeit stand und dessen Aufgabengebiete durch eine streng hierarchische Organisationsstruktur der Bibliothek geprägt und begrenzt waren. Die Digitalisierung hat diese Ordnung in Bewegung gebracht und zahlreiche neue Aufgabenbereiche sowie Service- und Funktionsstellen entstehen lassen. Heute arbeiten Bibliothekar:innen mit den Wissenschaftler:innen in Forschung und Lehre zusammen, unterstützen Forschende im Umgang mit Forschungsdaten, entwickeln digitale Lernangebote für heterogene Zielgruppen und übernehmen Aufgaben in der Datenprozessierung. Das Handbuch richtet sich an die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung, soll aber auch eine Standortbestimmung bibliothekarischen Handelns in der digital geprägten Informationswelt bieten.

How do people justify what others see as transgression? Taking that question to the Persian-Muslim and Latin-Christian worlds over the period 1200 to 1700, this book shows that people in both these worlds invested considerable energy in worrying, debating, and writing about proscribed practices. It compares how people in the two worlds came to terms with the proscriptions of sodomy, idolatry, and usury. When historians speak of the gap between premodern practice and the legal theory of the time, they tend to ignore the myriad of justifications that filled this gap. Moreover, a focus on justification evens out many of the contrasts that have been alleged to exist between the two worlds, or the Muslim and Christian worlds more generally. The similarities outweigh the differences in the ways people came to terms with the various rules of divine law. The level of flexibility of the theologians and jurists in charge of divine law varied more over time and by topic than between the two worlds. Both worlds also saw the development of ever more sophisticated justifications. Amid the increasing complexity of justifications, a particular kind of reasoning emerged: that good outcomes are more important than upholding rules for their own sake. ; How do people justify what others see as transgression? Taking that question to the Persian-Muslim and Latin-Christian worlds over the period 1200 to 1700, this book shows that people in both these worlds invested considerable energy in worrying, debating, and writing about proscribed practices. It compares how people in the two worlds came to terms with the proscriptions of sodomy, idolatry, and usury. When historians speak of the gap between premodern practice and the legal theory of the time, they tend to ignore the myriad of justifications that filled this gap. Moreover, a focus on justification evens out many of the contrasts that have been alleged to exist between the two worlds, or the Muslim and Christian worlds more generally. The similarities outweigh the differences in the ways people came to terms with the various rules of divine law. The level of flexibility of the theologians and jurists in charge of divine law varied more over time and by topic than between the two worlds. Both worlds also saw the development of ever more sophisticated justifications. Amid the increasing complexity of justifications, a particular kind of reasoning emerged: that good outcomes are more important than upholding rules for their own sake.

Das Buch widmet sich der Frage, weshalb Krankheitserfahrungen in der frühneuzeitlichen Lyrik zwischen 1490 und 1720 eine beispiellose Prominenz entfalten. Die Basis der Untersuchung bilden Texte bekannter und weniger bekannter deutscher (Spät-)Humanisten (u. a. Konrad Celtis, Paul Schede Melissus, Johann Christian Günther), die in ihren medizinhistorischen, theologischen und / oder frömmigkeitsgeschichtlichen Kontexten verortet werden (Syphilis- und Fieberkunde, Medizinaltheologie und Sterbekunst). Was diese Texte verbindet, so die leitende These der Studie, ist ihre konzeptuelle Nähe zum Paradigma der Selbstsorge (cura sui, epimeleia heautou), wie es zunächst von Pierre Hadot, später von Michel Foucault für die antike Popularphilosophie beschrieben wurde. Die Examination des Körpers, die theologisch informierte Reflexion über den pathologischen Zustand, aber auch die Bereitung zum Sterben beschreiben einige der Praktiken, für die die Krankheitslyrik ein ästhetisches Gefäß im Dienst der Selbstsorge bereitstellt. Mit der vorliegenden Studie wird der frühneuzeitliche Typus des Krankheitsgedichts erstmals im Zusammenhang dargestellt und für Forscher/-innen aus den Bereichen Literaturwissenschaft, Medizingeschichte und Theologie zugänglich gemacht. ; Das Buch widmet sich der Frage, weshalb Krankheitserfahrungen in der frühneuzeitlichen Lyrik zwischen 1490 und 1720 eine beispiellose Prominenz entfalten. Die Basis der Untersuchung bilden Texte bekannter und weniger bekannter deutscher (Spät-)Humanisten (u. a. Konrad Celtis, Paul Schede Melissus, Johann Christian Günther), die in ihren medizinhistorischen, theologischen und / oder frömmigkeitsgeschichtlichen Kontexten verortet werden (Syphilis- und Fieberkunde, Medizinaltheologie und Sterbekunst). Was diese Texte verbindet, so die leitende These der Studie, ist ihre konzeptuelle Nähe zum Paradigma der Selbstsorge (cura sui, epimeleia heautou), wie es zunächst von Pierre Hadot, später von Michel Foucault für die antike Popularphilosophie beschrieben wurde. Die Examination des Körpers, die theologisch informierte Reflexion über den pathologischen Zustand, aber auch die Bereitung zum Sterben beschreiben einige der Praktiken, für die die Krankheitslyrik ein ästhetisches Gefäß im Dienst der Selbstsorge bereitstellt. Mit der vorliegenden Studie wird der frühneuzeitliche Typus des Krankheitsgedichts erstmals im Zusammenhang dargestellt und für Forscher/-innen aus den Bereichen Literaturwissenschaft, Medizingeschichte und Theologie zugänglich gemacht.

India has learned what to do and what not to do when it comes to implementing policy to address human suffering. The COVID-19 pandemic unified the international response in similar ways, and the world has a lot to learn about key initiatives in India that have been implemented since India's independence. This open-access book includes key learnings about the conceptualization, design, and impact of social welfare programs in India spanning more than a 75-year period. The Future of India's Social Safety Nets provides a comprehensive analysis of these systems by combining insights from a wealth of interdisciplinary scholarship on social protection, economic development, and social policy. It covers India's social development in terms of three essential aspects of policy design: focus (intended beneficiaries), form (transfer modalities), and scope (developmental objectives). Highlighting the developmental achievements and shortcomings of the myriad of social welfare schemes, this book proposes a framework to foster human resilience through social protection. This is an open-access book.

Darstellungen von Schule in deutschen Spielfilmen scheinen immer wieder auf ähnliche Bilder und Semantiken von Bildung, Erziehung und sozialer Selektion zurückzukehren, selbst bei Filmen, die zeitlich weit voneinander entfernt produziert wurden. Woran liegt das? Wie es zum audiovisuellen Austausch zwischen Filmen aus verschiedenen Epochen kommt und wie neue Filme sich alte Schuldbilder immer wieder neu aneignen, untersucht diese Monografie. Dabei sieht das Buch die Darstellungen von Schule als sinnliche Erforschung einer gemeinsam geteilten Wahrnehmungswelt, welche sich erst durch Aneignungen von und Bezüge zu anderen Filmen und Fiktionen herstellt. Der wissenschaftliche Ansatz dieser poetologischen Analyse baut maßgeblich auf den politikwissenschaftlichen Theorien Jacques Rancières, Hannah Arendts und Richard Rortys auf und verbindet dabei film- und kulturwissenschaftliche, soziologische wie bildungswissenschaftliche Perspektiven. Dieses Buch ist die erste größere filmhistoriografische Publikation, die sich dem Thema aus einer umfänglichen Perspektive widmet und dabei exemplarische Werke aus über 100 Jahren gemeinsamer und geteilter deutscher Filmgeschichte analysiert. ; Darstellungen von Schule in deutschen Spielfilmen scheinen immer wieder auf ähnliche Bilder und Semantiken von Bildung, Erziehung und sozialer Selektion zurückzukehren, selbst bei Filmen, die zeitlich weit voneinander entfernt produziert wurden. Woran liegt das? Wie es zum audiovisuellen Austausch zwischen Filmen aus verschiedenen Epochen kommt und wie neue Filme sich alte Schuldbilder immer wieder neu aneignen, untersucht diese Monografie. Dabei sieht das Buch die Darstellungen von Schule als sinnliche Erforschung einer gemeinsam geteilten Wahrnehmungswelt, welche sich erst durch Aneignungen von und Bezüge zu anderen Filmen und Fiktionen herstellt. Der wissenschaftliche Ansatz dieser poetologischen Analyse baut maßgeblich auf den politikwissenschaftlichen Theorien Jacques Rancières, Hannah Arendts und Richard Rortys auf und verbindet dabei film- und kulturwissenschaftliche, soziologische wie bildungswissenschaftliche Perspektiven. Dieses Buch ist die erste größere filmhistoriografische Publikation, die sich dem Thema aus einer umfänglichen Perspektive widmet und dabei exemplarische Werke aus über 100 Jahren gemeinsamer und geteilter deutscher Filmgeschichte analysiert.

As tariffs have fallen dramatically over the past decades, behind-the-border measures—such as technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures—have become increasingly important for international trade policy. To facilitate trade, governments sign trade agreements in which they agree to base such measures on international standards. But who actually develops these standards? This book takes a close look at the International Organization for Standardization and the Codex Alimentarius – two prominent standard-setting organizations in the area of TBT and SPS – to investigate how international standardization influences the design of international trade agreements, and vice versa.

This open access short reader offers an intersectional perspective on the meaning of home in migration. The book provides a pathway through existing scholarship on home and migration, exploring how intersectional power relations and transnational migration regimes are felt, experienced, lived and navigated by migrants, who are differently positioned, in the making and imagining of home. The meanings associated with home are composed of the interrelation of places, spaces, people, social relations, materialities, emotions and temporalities. These multiple aspects highlight the complexities inherent in the idea of home, which come to the fore particularly when one moves location. Migration and Home explores these issues by focusing on specific key aspects of home in migration: home and gender; home and age; home and materiality; and home and migration status, class and race. It proposes the concept of structural im/possibilities as a framework for understanding the power relations and structures that shape where, when and for whom home in migration is more, or less, possible.

This book is a detailed study of contact-induced change in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of the Jews of Sanandaj, a town in western Iran. Since its foundation in early 17th century, the city has been home to a significant Jewish community. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of the town displays different historical layers of contact with various Iranian languages over the course of many centuries. The Iranian languages in question are Gorani, Kurdish, and Persian. Among these, Gorani has had a particularly deep impact on Jewish Neo-Aramaic, whereas the impact of Kurdish, and especially Persian, remains superficial. Jewish Neo-Aramaic records a history of language shift from Gorani to Kurdish in the region. The book offers insights into contact-induced change in social contexts in which a language is maintained as a demarcation of communal identity in a multilingual setting. ; This book is a detailed study of contact-induced change in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of the Jews of Sanandaj, a town in western Iran. Since its foundation in early 17th century, the city has been home to a significant Jewish community. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of the town displays different historical layers of contact with various Iranian languages over the course of many centuries. The Iranian languages in question are Gorani, Kurdish, and Persian. Among these, Gorani has had a particularly deep impact on Jewish Neo-Aramaic, whereas the impact of Kurdish, and especially Persian, remains superficial. Jewish Neo-Aramaic records a history of language shift from Gorani to Kurdish in the region. The book offers insights into contact-induced change in social contexts in which a language is maintained as a demarcation of communal identity in a multilingual setting.

This book advances knowledge about the implementation of peace and non-violence strategies in education that counter violence. Addressing both hidden and direct violence, it examines the harm to wellbeing and learning through a unique exploration of the role of teachers, and confronts the roots of violence in educational settings. Presenting and critiquing a range of pedagogical tools, case examples, and research, it examines how various methods can be used for identifying and proactively responding to conflicts such as injustice, discrimination, and prejudice, among others. Contributors present case studies from a range of global contexts and offer cutting-edge research on the applications of these resources, and how they contextualize peace education. An essential read for educators, teacher educators and peace scholars, it crucially offers pathways for confronting and healing from violence in both formal and informal sites of education.

The information age has opened a new front of adversarial statecraft. The past decades have seen the rise and refinement of conflict enacted in the world of information, with tactics including seeding disinformation, the theft of sensitive data, confusing or obscuring public opinion to forward specific goals, and beyond. Deterrence in the 21st Century asks how, and if it is indeed possible, to deter an enemy in the realm of information warfare.

Setting the stage with an overview of key concepts of deterrence in the information age, the book presents new conceptual approaches and their possible applications. Bringing together some of the most respected analysts working today, Deterrence in the 21st Century looks beyond the technical aspects of the use of information and disinformation as adversarial statecraft to seek new avenues to deter the undermining of institutions and societies.

Treating deterrence as a concept, a policy, a social challenge, and a series of practical solutions, Deterrence in the 21st Century presents theoretical approaches, conceptual analysis, empirical research, and content analysis. This is a thorough, thoughtful, and expert analysis of one of the most difficult and essential security challenges of our time.

With contributions by: Christopher Ankersen, Yair Ansbacher, Oshri Bar-Gill, Stephen J. Cimbala, Maddie D'Agata, Molly Ellenberg, Leandre R. Fabrigar, Rachel Lea Heide, Nicole J. Jackson, Pierre Jolicoeur, Christian Leuprecht, Adam Lowther, Sarah Jane Meharg, Eric Ouellet, Ronald D. Porter, Anthony Seaboyer, Ron Schleifer, Miniqian Shen, Anne Speckhard, Keith Stewart, Joseph Szeman, and Alex Wilner

• A comprehensive introduction to small states, with a mixture of detailed examples (Quebec and Japan) and a broader range of case studies; • Addresses core questions of what a "state" is, what it is for and the role of small states in the international system; • Refocusses the study of small states away from the usual case studies, refocussing on the North American and East Asian contexts. ; With emphasis on East Asian and North American examples – notably Japan and Quebec – Date, Laniel and their contributors take a new approach to the understanding of small nations and their role in the international system. Small nations, by their very nature, raise significant questions about what a nation is. Some small nations are sovereign states with relatively small populations and limited territory, others are nations within larger sovereign states, with distinctive cultures, governance structures or other features that differentiate them from their "parent" state. By focussing on non-European nations in particular, the contributors to this volume challenge our conceptions of what a small nation is and how it operates within the international system. They focus in particular on the nation-within-a-nation-state of Quebec and on Japan, supplemented by further examples from East Asia. By interrogating what these examples have to show us about the typology and character of small nations, they offer a critique of superpower and draw out the potential of small nation studies. A valuable resource for students and scholars of international relations and theories of the nation and nation state.

This volume showcases new and interesting ways in which the possession of civic virtues can contribute to people's abilities to engage in public life in meaningful ways. What is the role of civic virtues in public life? How does possessing civic virtues affect persons and their capacities for participation in the public order? The chapters in this volume combine philosophical and empirically informed work to show how civic virtues can be informed by larger virtue ethical perspectives. The first two chapters discuss virtues of individuals that have not received significant empirical attention—authenticity and wisdom and psychological resilience. The next two chapters address education and the ways in which civic virtues can help us to better serve schoolchildren who are socially and economically disadvantaged, as well as to broaden students' horizons with respect to character and sustainability education. The final four chapters explore the roles for virtues within various political and public realms. They offer perspectives on how virtues affect contentious politics in democratic societies, and study virtues in contexts in which democracy has been stifled or torn apart by war. Together, the chapters highlight the ever-widening impact of the virtues on our lives and in society. The Self, Civic Virtue, and Public Life will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working in ethics, political philosophy, psychology, and philosophy of education. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.

Security, Religion, and the Rule of Law argues that true, substantive, and sustainable national security is only possible through respect for the rule of law, human rights, and religious freedom.
Despite the emphasis on national security and the war on terror that has preoccupied governments for over two decades, nations – and the world – seem to be more divided than ever, with a concomitant impact of increasing the risk of terrorism and religious and political violence. The national security paradigm, previously reserved primarily for foreign threats, has been turned increasingly inwards, focusing on a state's own citizens as potential threats. This is often along religious lines, threatening fundamental human freedoms. This book provides a series of critical engagements on some of the most pressing issues at the interface of religion and security today, including proposing a deeper engagement with theology when dealing with freedom of religious belief, exploring a better understanding between domestic peace and international relations, abiding by the rule of law while countering terrorism, and developing a broader understanding of identities and of the nature of citizenship. It provides the resources to further reflect upon and address these topics, as well as stimulate further discussions on religion and security matters across a range of different disciplines. Wide-ranging case studies consider Australia, China, Europe, the Kurdish people, Nigeria, Russia, Ukraine, the United Nations, and the United States.
This book will appeal to students and scholars across a range of disciplines, including international relations, law, philosophy, political science, religious studies, security studies, and theology. It will also appeal to human rights lawyers, judges, NGO researchers, governmental agency specialists, and policy makers.
Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of Finnish electoral democracy, expertly detailing both its typical representation of a stable European party democracy and its particularities such as a personalized electoral system, a fragmented party system with tradition of grand government coalitions and its sensitive geopolitical location. Using the Finnish National Election Study as a basis, it analyses how voters act and react in an electoral democracy characterized by a high degree of competition between and within parties, yet a democracy in which the possibility for voters to hold governments accountable for their actions is weak, leading to interesting tensions within the system and influences on how voters relate to and engage in politics. This book not only describes these patterns but also provides the reader with thorough explanations and interpretations from a team of expert contributors. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Finnish politics, Nordic/Scandinavian politics and studies, political behaviour, electoral studies, public opinion and more broadly to comparative politics and democracy.

This book introduces a novel discourse, based on socio-legal theory of compliance with international environmental law, which addresses the overarching question: When can international environmental law and policy achieve implementation, compliance, and be effective? Offering an important contribution to academic and practical understandings of implementation and compliance with international environmental obligations, the book firstly critiques existing multidisciplinary theories of law and then brings together international and domestic legal theories to highlight their symbiotic relationship. It also stresses the importance of interactions between domestic and international legal and policy processes. This pioneering discourse is argued to be transformative to international environmental regimes and offers a way for them to be truly normative and to achieve compliance. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of socio-legal studies and international environmental law and policy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.