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Cover page -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- TABLES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Part I RECONCEPTUALIZING DEVELOPMENT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 THE FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT -- THE CONCEPTUALIZATION PROBLEM -- THE CONCEPTUAL SHIFTS -- CONCEPTUAL REDIAGNOSIS -- THE FRAMEWORK FOR RECONCEPTUALIZATION -- CONCEPTUALIZING THE PROCESS -- 2 THE COST OF MISCONCEPTIONS -- FLAWED PRESCRIPTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT -- THE CRISIS OF INSTITUTIONS -- PUTTING THE PACIFIC RIM IN CONTEXT -- 3 SELF-RELIANCE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT -- REDEFINING DEPENDENCY -- SELF-RELIANCE, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY -- THE CASE FOR RECONCEPTUALIZING DEVELOPMENT STUDIES -- 4 AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT-BASED APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- INTRODUCTION -- CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONA L SCENE -- INFORMATION AND ECONOMICS -- INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATIONS -- INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT -- INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY -- INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- 5 USING THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INFORMATION SCIENCE -- THE INFORMATON SCIENCE FRAMEWORK -- NATIONAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT -- INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT -- KNOWLEDGE DEPENDENCY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT -- REDEFINING TECHNOLOGY AND THE TRANSFER PROCESS -- INFORMATION, INSTITUTIONS, AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- CONCLUSIONS -- Part II STRATEGIC NATIONAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT -- 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- FOCUS OF RESEARCH -- THE ASSUMPTIONS -- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY -- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- CRITERIA FOR CASE SELECTION -- THE NATIONAL POWER ALCOHOL PROGRAMME -- THE NATIONAL CAR PROJECT -- LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH -- 7 THE KENYAN NATIONAL POWER ALCOHOL PROGRAMME -- PREAMBLE -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY PROCESS

AbstractScholars and political observers point to declining labor unions, on the one hand, and rising white identity politics, on the other, as profound changes in American politics. However, there has been little attention given to the potential feedback between these forces. In this article, we investigate the role of union membership in shaping white racial attitudes. We draw upon research in history and American political development to generate a theory of interracial labor politics, in which union membership reduces racial resentment. Cross‐sectional analyses consistently show that white union members have lower racial resentment and greater support for policies that benefit African Americans. More importantly, our panel analysis suggests that gaining union membership between 2010 and 2016 reduced racial resentment among white workers. The findings highlight the important role of labor unions in mass politics and, more broadly, the importance of organizational membership for political attitudes and behavior.

THAT SOCIALISM IS "IN TRANSITION" TODAY IN RUSSIA AND IN THE OTHER FORMER REPUBLICS OF THE SOVIET UNION IS MADE EVIDENT BY BORIS KARGARLITSKY'S ANALYSIS OF THE LITHUANIAN ELECTIONS. THE BIG QUESTION IS WHETHER THIS "TRANSITION" IS LEADING TO A COMPLETE RUPTURE WITH SOCIALIST STRUCTURES AND PRINCIPLES, OR IS INSTEAD MARKED BY FIDELITY TO SOME OF THE ESSENTIALS OF SOCIALISM EVEN WHILE BREAKING FREE OF THE KINDS OF CENTRALIZED "COMMANDIST" FORMS OF ORGANIZATION THAT HAD CHARACTERIZED SOVIET POLITICS AND LABOR UP TO THE ERA OF THE GORBACHEV REFORMS. THE OPPOSITIONAL STANCE TAKEN BY MANY TOWARDS THE YELTSIN-LED GOVERNMENT SUGGESTS THAT THERE ARE STILL STRONG CURRENTS OF SOLIDARISTIC AND SOCIALIST THINKING IN RUSSIA TODAY.

Die Verfasserin setzt sich kritisch mit einer Perspektive auseinander, die europapolitische Ziele und Zukunftsvorstellungen aus der übergeordneten Sicht der Europäischen Union behandelt. Sie plädiert demgegenüber für eine offene Diskussion partikularer, interessengebundener europapolitischer Ziele, wobei diese Ziele immer nach eigener Präferenzskala und kontextspezifisch formuliert werden. Dies wird für die beiden Bereiche "Demokratie" und "Sicherheit" konkretisiert. Hier geht es um die demokratische Zentralisierungsfalle und den möglichen Zugewinn an Demokratie durch die Einschaltung der Zivilgesellschaft sowie um die Rolle der EU in einer multifunktionalen Sicherheitsgemeinschaft. Anhand dieser Beispiele macht die Verfasserin deutlich, dass bestimmte Handlungsoptionen und konzeptionelle Defizite erst dann sichtbar werden, wenn man die Europäische Union "von unten", also aus der Perspektive des Bürgers eines Mitgliedsstaates betrachtet. (ICE)

This paper discusses the impact of deregulation and market integration policies on the structure of European banking markets. The paper argues that whether European integration will lead to an increased exploitation of scale advantages, or not, will depend on the extent to which competition in banking is based on fixed or variable costs. If competition focuses on variable costs, concentration will diminish with market enlargement when we control for the pro-concentration effect triggered by the deregulation process. Alternatively, when competition focuses on expenses unrelated to the level of intermediation, concentration will not tend to decline as the size of the market grows. This is due to the compensating effect of increased competition in fixed costs such as brand image or electronic banking. I propose a simple test using aggregate data to provide an empirical assessment of the dominant form of competition. The application of this procedure to data for eleven EU countries during the period from 1981 to 1995 yields parameter estimates which indicate that over the period of analysis, competition in Europe tends to be predominantly based on variable costs.

How far has the success of trade unions in obtaining political and economic privilege been attenuated by the laws passed by the Conservative Government? Charles Rowley, Acting Dean of the Graduate School and Professor of Economics at George Mason University, Virginia, assesses the effectiveness of the legislation and considers how much further reform will have to be carried to return the control of unions to their members.

In January 1974 the Council of Ministers of the European Community issued a resolution calling for the coordination of the science and technology policies of the member countries. This initiative came after several years of largely unrewarded efforts by the European institutions to bring a measure of Community-wide coherence in national R&D programs and objectives. Despite the development of alternative decision-making and implementation procedures, the Community's impact on national activities was on the whole limited in scope, confined to programs of marginal importance and more concerned with the joint execution of specific research tasks than with the political motives and intentions of the member governments. A review of the 1974 resolution's effects, principally through the work of the CREST committee, demonstrates that the multiple obstacles to policy coordination have yet to be overcome. These obstacles stem from a) varying conceptions of the policy coordination task, b) the discrepancies and inadequacies in national science policy formulation, c) deficiencies in the perspectives and procedures of Commission officials and national delegations, and d) a variety of constraints which restrict the domain of possible Community intervention.

The data presented in this article provide the opportunity to comparatively analyse anti-immigrant and anti-refugee attitudes, news and social media consumption, and political attitudes (e.g., social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism) of the adult population in seven European countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Sweden), the United States, and Colombia in 2021 (N = 13,645). These countries were selected for their variety in national characteristics: coastal and non-coastal border countries, large and small economies, countries with major and minor political influence, and countries with varying degrees of popularity as asylum-seeker destinations. We conducted an online survey which – amongst others – included questions on socio-demographic characteristics, attitudinal indicators, and information on news and social media consumption. These data can be of interest for migration researchers and/or media scholars who want to explore (comparative) dynamics of outgroup attitudes, threat perceptions, and/or news and social media consumption, and for policy makers who seek to influence public attitudes towards immigration and migrants.

In response to the recent financial crisis, many countries have initiated monetary stimulus packages. Maintaining proper measures of monetary aggregates is of particular importance for such economic policies. However, many central banks worldwide use the simple-sum monetary indexes, which ignore the liquidity characteristics of financial assets. Using the simple-sum indexes can produce misleading information, especially for broad monetary aggregates within which financial assets are not likel

The Ministerial Council of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) met in Lisbon on May 9–11, 1963, under the chairmanship of Mr. Corrêa d'Oliveira (Portuguese Minister of State). The Ministers decided to establish a final timetable for the dismantling of tariffs on industrial products. These tariffs would be eliminated by December 31, 1966. The next 10 percent reduction would take place on December 31, 1963, thus bringing intra-EFTA tariffs down to 40 percent of their level when EFTA began.