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Guest post by Nathan P. Kalmoe and Lilliana Mason Armed political demonstrations are now common in the United…

Science et militantisme : les transformations d'un échange circulaire. Le cas de l'écologie française.
Sylvie Ollitraut [141-162].
Le processus de la circularité, mis à jour par A. Giddens, décrit la rencontre entre une analyse scientifique et sa réception par les acteurs, engagés en politique. Ainsi, la grille savante et les perceptions des acteurs alimentent réciproquement leur légitimité. Néanmoins, on s'aperçoit que la circularité, produite durablement entre la catégorie tourainienne de nouveau mouvement social et la construction identitaire des écologistes, concerne seulement les écologistes politiques. Cet aspect révèle que tout cadre d'interprétation n'est pas susceptible d'un égal succès. Deux facteurs sont alors explorés tout au long de ce développement pour expliciter cette réception particulière qui fait qu'une circularité naît : tout d'abord, l'importance du contexte et plus particulièrement des cadres d'interprétations légitimes, ensuite, l'itinéraire des acteurs qui structure leur représentation de l'action à mener. Enfin, l'article s'arrête sur l'hypothèse d'une nouvelle forme de circularité, «l'auto-circularité». Avec le cas des écologistes, il apparaît que de plus en plus les catégories savantes et militantes se confondent puisqu'elles émanent de militants-savants, capables de produire et d'user de cadres d'interprétation communs à ceux des scientifiques. Cette situation incite à s'interroger sur la nouvelle posture que le chercheur en sciences sociales doit adopter lors de son enquête.

The aim of this paper is to describe how Catalan humor works in the context of political TV satire, where everyday references mutate in order to show hidden meanings and parallel purposes. Using mainly pragmatic and discourse analysis as tools, we will try to decipher conversational exchanges that create hilarity and promote political critique. Tokens of linguistic (or verbal) humor as well as referential (or situational) humor will be analyzed, trying to show the range of their social and political implications. Our major tenet is that political satire operates as a two-sided process: on one side, it promotes communication within a specific social network, on the other, it affords criticism and self-criticism to emerge, which serve also as a useful evaluation of everyday public themes.

Public perceptions of science have been studied extensively since the mid-twentieth century. The aim of this project is to explore the interaction between science and the public in the digital world as a complement to traditional studies on the societal impact of science, particularly on the social network Twitter. It thus proposes a low-cost, easily reproducible methodology involving the design of an algorithm operating on representative sets of tweets to analyse their content by using computational techniques of data mining and natural language processing. To test this methodology, I analyse the communications of the popular science communicator Neil DeGrasse Tyson. The impact of the information is calculated in terms of 1) likes and retweets; 2) suggested formulas for measuring the popularity and controversial nature of the content; and 3) the semantic network. Relevant elements of the communications are then identified and classified according to the categories of "science", "culture", "political-social", "beliefs", "media" and "emotional". The results reveal that content with an emotional charge in the communicator's message triggers a substantially more profound response from the public, as do references to socio-political issues. Moreover, numerous concepts peripheral to the scientific discussion arouse more interest than the concepts central to the communication. Both these results suggest that science is more interesting when it is linked to other issues.

Members of political parties may influence each other. For example, a liberal in a party of moderates may moderate his views. At the same time, the moderates in the party may become more liberal. Voters in a district who favor such effects may care about the ideology of officeholders in other districts. They may therefore prefer a candidate who affiliates with a party over an independent with the same position. Adapted from the source document.

The rapid emergence of East Asia as an important geopolitical-economic entity has been one of the most visible and striking changes in the international economy in recent years. With that emergence has come an increased need for understanding the problems of interdependence. As a step toward meeting this need, the National Bureau of Economic Research joined with the Korea Development Institute to sponsor this volume, which focuses on the complexities of tax reform in a global economy. Experts from Taiwan, Korea, the Philippines, Japan, and Thailand, as well as the United States, Canada, and Israel examine the major tax programs of the 1980s and their domestic and international economic effects. The analyses reveal similarities between the United States and countries in East Asia in political constraints on policy making, and taken together they show how growing interdependence interacts with domestic economic and political concerns to affect issues as politically vital as tax reform. Economists, policymakers, and members of the business community will benefit from these studies

Political trust is important for the effective functioning of government. This paper uses cross country regression analysis to see whether three different measures of economic performance matter for political trust. The results lend support to the hypothesis that political trust is influenced by economic growth, the standard of living, and the appropriate use of government spending. In addition, the paper considers two institutional variables, perceived independence of the judiciary and the degree of democracy to assess their effect on political trust. It finds that perceived judicial independence has a positive effect on political trust, but democracy has a negative effect.