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The starting point of this paper is given by country situations where trade liberalization is expected to be poverty and inequality alleviating in the long run while inducing a short run increase in poverty or in inequality. The question we ask is what are the distributive aspects of trade which are worth documenting to better help governments integrate trade policies within a global policy framework so as to enhance growth and reduce poverty and inequality. The method followed is a literature review, organized according to salient issues given by the three acceptations of fairness implied by the inclusion of the "Development" objective in the world trade liberalization agenda. A "pro-development" trade liberalization agenda should correct past unfairness in trade regime, which raises the broad issue of country level ex post assessment. It should equally reduce poverty, which point toward household level ex ante assessment. Last, because development is basically a dynamic process, the distributive-dynamic effects of trade liberalization are also considered. A synthesis of our ten main results concludes the paper.

L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les démarches décisionnelles mises en œuvre par les décideurs qui agissent dans un système complexe, en adoptant un cadre d'analyse pluraliste et intégré. La recherche consiste en une expérimentation basée sur un cas décisionnel simulé, qui porte sur le système de la propriété intellectuelle des innovations biotechnologiques. Les sessions expérimentales se sont appuyées sur des entretiens individuels menés auprès de quarante décideurs politiques. Les résultats confirment que dans le système complexe investigué, la démarche décisionnelle poursuivie est incrémentale et qu'elle s'explique tant par des jeux politiques que par les effets d'une rationalité limitée. Dépendamment des décideurs, elle peut toutefois rejoindre soit le modèle d'incrémentalisme disjoint, soit le modèle d'incrémentalisme logique. De plus, les résultats montrent que certaines des caractéristiques personnelles des décideurs influencent en partie leur démarche décisionnelle, laquelle peut en effet varier sur trois aspects : 1) la présence ou l'absence d'activités diplomatiques initiées à l'externe de l'organisation, 2) le recours, ou non, à des heuristiques décisionnelles, 3) la nature des objectifs poursuivis.

L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les démarches décisionnelles mises en œuvre par les décideurs qui agissent dans un système complexe, en adoptant un cadre d'analyse pluraliste et intégré. La recherche consiste en une expérimentation basée sur un cas décisionnel simulé, qui porte sur le système de la propriété intellectuelle des innovations biotechnologiques. Les sessions expérimentales se sont appuyées sur des entretiens individuels menés auprès de quarante décideurs politiques. Les résultats confirment que dans le système complexe investigué, la démarche décisionnelle poursuivie est incrémentale et qu'elle s'explique tant par des jeux politiques que par les effets d'une rationalité limitée. Dépendamment des décideurs, elle peut toutefois rejoindre soit le modèle d'incrémentalisme disjoint, soit le modèle d'incrémentalisme logique. De plus, les résultats montrent que certaines des caractéristiques personnelles des décideurs influencent en partie leur démarche décisionnelle, laquelle peut en effet varier sur trois aspects : 1) la présence ou l'absence d'activités diplomatiques initiées à l'externe de l'organisation, 2) le recours, ou non, à des heuristiques décisionnelles, 3) la nature des objectifs poursuivis.

International audience ; On traite ici de 5 épiclèses toponymiques d'Isis qui renvoient à des lieux situés en Égypte : Taposiris à l'Ouest d'Alexandrie, Ménouthis, près de Canope, Alexandrie elle-même, Memphis, l'antique capitale pharaonique, enfin Bouto dans le XIIe nome de Basse Egypte. Ces cinq exemples sont révélateurs de l'extraordinaire diversité de la personnalité divine d'Isis à l'époque gréco-romaine. Derrière Taposiris se cache un aspect mythographique d'Isis en relation avec le deuil de la déesse pleurant Osiris ; Ménouthis recouvre une épiclèse fonctionnelle et renvoie au célèbre sanctuaire local d'Isis guérisseuse ; Pharia, qualificatif poétique mais aussi politique et économique, désigne à la fois l'Isis d'Égypte et la déesse protectrice de l'annone ; Memphitis, plus ambiguë, pourrait s'appliquer à une image non hellénisée de la déesse, lorsque s'amorce une égyptianisation formelle des cultes à partir du règne d'Hadrien ; enfin Nébouto, épiclèse syncrétique autant que fonctionnelle, exprime au mieux le rôle ancestral d'Isis en tant que protectrice des naissances et des petits enfants.

International audience ; On traite ici de 5 épiclèses toponymiques d'Isis qui renvoient à des lieux situés en Égypte : Taposiris à l'Ouest d'Alexandrie, Ménouthis, près de Canope, Alexandrie elle-même, Memphis, l'antique capitale pharaonique, enfin Bouto dans le XIIe nome de Basse Egypte. Ces cinq exemples sont révélateurs de l'extraordinaire diversité de la personnalité divine d'Isis à l'époque gréco-romaine. Derrière Taposiris se cache un aspect mythographique d'Isis en relation avec le deuil de la déesse pleurant Osiris ; Ménouthis recouvre une épiclèse fonctionnelle et renvoie au célèbre sanctuaire local d'Isis guérisseuse ; Pharia, qualificatif poétique mais aussi politique et économique, désigne à la fois l'Isis d'Égypte et la déesse protectrice de l'annone ; Memphitis, plus ambiguë, pourrait s'appliquer à une image non hellénisée de la déesse, lorsque s'amorce une égyptianisation formelle des cultes à partir du règne d'Hadrien ; enfin Nébouto, épiclèse syncrétique autant que fonctionnelle, exprime au mieux le rôle ancestral d'Isis en tant que protectrice des naissances et des petits enfants.

International audience ; On traite ici de 5 épiclèses toponymiques d'Isis qui renvoient à des lieux situés en Égypte : Taposiris à l'Ouest d'Alexandrie, Ménouthis, près de Canope, Alexandrie elle-même, Memphis, l'antique capitale pharaonique, enfin Bouto dans le XIIe nome de Basse Egypte. Ces cinq exemples sont révélateurs de l'extraordinaire diversité de la personnalité divine d'Isis à l'époque gréco-romaine. Derrière Taposiris se cache un aspect mythographique d'Isis en relation avec le deuil de la déesse pleurant Osiris ; Ménouthis recouvre une épiclèse fonctionnelle et renvoie au célèbre sanctuaire local d'Isis guérisseuse ; Pharia, qualificatif poétique mais aussi politique et économique, désigne à la fois l'Isis d'Égypte et la déesse protectrice de l'annone ; Memphitis, plus ambiguë, pourrait s'appliquer à une image non hellénisée de la déesse, lorsque s'amorce une égyptianisation formelle des cultes à partir du règne d'Hadrien ; enfin Nébouto, épiclèse syncrétique autant que fonctionnelle, exprime au mieux le rôle ancestral d'Isis en tant que protectrice des naissances et des petits enfants.

Discusses the 1963 stripping & parading of four naked dalit women in the village of Sirasgaon, India, to explore the production of knowledge about dalit women & the nature of anthropological narratives dealing with issues of caste & gender. The relation between dalit women's caste-specific differences & mainstream Indian feminism is explored, along with the judicial discourse surrounding the incident in Sirasgaon. It is argued that the avoidance of descriptions of the atrocious event itself in the documents, & the lack of serious legal consideration given to questions of untouchability or violence against women, reveal how various forms of untouchability are elaborated & disciplined, as well as how dalit women are constituted through critical events managed by legal mechanisms. Other issues explored are the position of certain aspects of Indian society in the domain of juridical reason, & the political basis for how the identities of dalits & others are expressed in legal arguments. The need to rethink modes of intellectual inquiry & practice in relation to gendered caste violence is discussed. 45 References. J. Lindroth

Disordered urban environments negatively impact mental health symptoms and disorders. While many aspects of the built environment have been studied, one influence may come from inequitable, discriminatory housing practices such as redlining, blockbusting, and gentrification. The patterns of disinvestment and reinvestment that follow may be an underlying mechanism predicting poor mental health. In this study, we examine pathways between such practices and internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depression) among a sample of African American youth in Baltimore, Maryland, considering moderation and mediation pathways including neighborhood social cohesion and sex. In our direct models, the inequitable housing practices were not significant predictors of social cohesion. In our sex moderation model, however, we find negative influences on social cohesion: for girls from gentrification, and for boys from blockbusting. Our moderated mediation model shows that girls in gentrifying neighborhoods who experience lower social cohesion have higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Likewise for boys, living in a formerly blockbusted neighborhood generates poorer social cohesion, which in turn drives higher rates of internalizing symptoms. A key implication of this work is that, in addition to standard measures of the contemporary built environment, considering other invisible patterns related to discriminatory and inequitable housing practices is important in understanding the types of neighborhoods where anxiety and depression are more prevalent. And while some recent work has discussed the importance of considering phenomena like redlining in considering long-term trajectories of neighborhoods, other patterns such as blockbusting and gentrification may be equally important.

This volume provides a systematic re-examination of the Frankfurt School's theory of antisemitism and, employing this critical theory, investigates the presence of antisemitism in 20th- and 21st-century politics and society. Critical Theory and the Critique of Antisemitism uncovers how critical theory differs from mainstream socialist or liberal critiques of antisemitism, as it frames its rejection of antisemitism in the critique of other aspects of modern capitalist society, which traditional theories leave unchallenged or critique only in passing. Amongst others, these include issues of identity, nation, race, and sexuality. In exploring the Frankfurt School's writings on antisemitism therefore, the chapters in this book reveal connections to other pressing societal issues, such as racism more broadly, patriarchy, statism, and the societal dynamics of the ever-evolving capitalist mode of production. Putting the theory to practice, this volume brings together interdisciplinary scholars and activists who employ critical theory to scrutinise right- and left-wing manifestations of antisemitism. They develop, in their critique of antisemitism, a critique of capitalism, as the authors ask: why does modern capitalist society seem bound to produce antisemitism? And how do we challenge it? At a time when the rise of populism internationally has brought with it new strains of antisemitism, this is an essential resource that demonstrates the continuing relevance of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School for the struggle against antisemitism today

Companies increasingly play a meaningful role in civil society and the philanthropic sector through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Philanthropy (CP). The most well studied form of allocating these resources is through outright contributions to operating external foundations and other nonprofit organizations. However, far less is known about the use of corporate foundations, separate and independent nonprofit entities aimed at channeling corporate giving to a social mission related to a company. Corporate foundations are often linked to the founding company through their name, funding, trustees, administration and potential employee involvement. As these foundations are growing in number, size and importance and becoming increasingly visible in the philanthropic sector, the urgency to understand their role and functioning becomes more important. The primary aim of this volume is to deliver a holistic analysis of the current state-of-the-art on corporate foundations. For that reason, the book includes different perspectives on and use a hybrid concept of corporate foundations. First, it addresses different levels of understanding: regional or country level, institutional context, and organizational level. Additionally, it analyzes the corporate foundation on the organizational level. Looking further into the organizational processes of corporate foundations, the book also analyzes governance, operations, and impact as major aspects of organizational performance. By reading the book, readers will build a comprehensive understanding of the role and functioning of corporate foundations, understand new avenues for research and, in case they are practitioners in the field, find practical advice rooted in academic research

"Throughout the nineteenth century and twentieth century, various attempts were made to define and control problematic behaviour in public by legal and legislative means through the use of a somewhat nebulous concept of "indecency". Remarkably however, public indecency remains a much under-researched aspect of English legal, social and criminal justice history. Covering a period of just over a century, from 1857 (the date of the passing of the first Obscene Publications Act) to 1960 (the date of the famous trial of Penguin Books over their publication of Lady Chatterley's Lover following the introduction of a new Obscene Publications Act in the previous year), Public Indecency in England investigates the social and cultural obsession with various forms of indecency and how public perceptions of different types of indecent behaviour led to legal definitions of such behaviour in both common law and statute. This truly interdisciplinary book utilises socio-legal, historical and criminological research to discuss the practical response of both the police and the judiciary to those caught engaging in public indecency, as well as to highlight the increasing problems faced by moralists during a period of unprecedented technological developments in the fields of visual and aural mass entertainment. It is written in a lively and approachable style and, as such, is of interest to academics and students engaged in the study of deviance, law, criminology, sociology, criminal justice, socio-legal studies, and history. It will also be of interest to the general reader"--

"The book explores the politics of immigration in Australia through an in-depth study of the 'new generation' of young Korean migrants in Melbourne. States with high rates of immigration such as Australia can determine who enter their societies, but some migrants, such as younger Koreans, can determine how and where they live due to desirable attributes such as their skills, education, and adaptability. The book uses Albert Hirschman's 'exit, voice, and loyalty' schema to explore the choices available to such new and would-be citizens, especially when faced with economic, social, and/or political decline in their host society. Through in-depth interviews, the book explores if young Koreans were most attracted to the options of staying in Australia (loyalty), changing it from within (voice), or leaving (exit). The most common experience among younger Koreans, the book finds, is loyalty: most respondents express satisfaction with their lives in Australia and want to make it their home. These findings reveal how a particular group of migrants negotiates their citizenship with a would-be host society. By extension, the book illustrates the range and degree of strategies available to other migrants and would-be migrants, and how they might secure their livelihoods and well-being at a time of greater restrictions on international migration. This book will be of interest to scholars of multiculturalism and immigration history in Australia, citizenship and migration and Korean Studies"--

Whether picketing outside abortion clinics, speaking out at school board meetings, or attending anti-death penalty vigils, many Americans have publicly opposed local, state, or federal government policies on the basis of their religious convictions. In this book, Jason Bivins examines the growing phenomenon of Christian protest against civil authority and political order in the United States. He argues that since the 1960s, there has been a proliferation of religious activism against what the protesters perceive as government's excessive power and lack of moral principle. Calling this phenomenon "Christian antiliberalism," Bivins finds at its center a belief that American politics is based on a liberal tradition that threatens the practice of a religious life and gives government too much social and economic influence. Focusing on the Catholic pacifism of Daniel and Philip Berrigan and the Jonah House resistance community, the Christian Right's homeschooling movement, and the evangelical Sojourners community, Bivins combines religious studies with political theory to explore the common ground shared by these disparate groups. Despite their vast ideological and institutional differences, these activists justify their actions in overtly religious terms based on a rejection of basic tenets of the American political system. Analyzing the widespread dissatisfaction with the conventional forms of political identity and affiliation that characterize American civic life today, this book sheds light on the complex relations between religion and democratic society