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The monetary crisis that began in 1998, followed by multidimensional one, had induced a widespread impacts on many aspects of the national political, economical, social and culturallives. This condition is strongly related to the unsound strategy of development implemented by the previous geverment with its centralized, beurocratic and unifornity approach which in turn had the effect of social structure and organization deempowerment of the society. This can be cured by revitalizing self-determination dan social participation of the community to help themselves solving their own problems without government interference. PRA (Participation Rural Appraisal) method could be considered applied to raise etno development with its bottom-up approach in community development. This research is conducted to asses the effectiveness of PRA in empowering the poor in province Lampung. A quasi-experimental method is adopted with single before-after design. Research results revealed that PRA method is not effective enough to increase social participation of the people in Lampung due to unnecessary intervention from the local authority so as to make them unable in making their own decision. In addition, social workers in the location were not functioning well due to lack of capability in applying PRA method, and there were weak partnerships between NGO and local enterpreneur, along with community, to overcome poverty problems. In the future, training on PRA method should be held for local social worker. In addition, there should be effort to grow local social-structure initiatives and creativities without the inference from local government.Key words: PRA (Participation Rural Appraisal), poor empowerment, effectiveness.

With increasing frequency and self-assurance, the scientific objectivity of American social science is proclaimed by some of its prominent practitioners. Various explanations are offered for the onset of social science's Golden Age, but central to most of them is the claim that modern social science has managed to resolve Mannheim's Paradox, namely, that in the pursuit of the truth the social scientist himself is handicapped by the narrow focus and distortions implicit in ideological thought. Presumably, the social scientist can now probe any aspect of human organization and behavior as dispassionately as physical scientists observe the structure of the atom or chemical reactions. For this reason, it is claimed by some that the ideologically liberated social scientists—at least in the United States—can expect to be co-opted into the Scientific Culture, or that segment of society that is presumably aloof from and disdainful toward the moralistic speculations and the tender-heartedness of the literary intellectuals.The behaviorial "revolution" in political science may have run its course, but it has left in its wake both obscurantist criticisms of empiricism, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, an unquestioning belief in "science." Quite often the latter belief is not merely anti-historical and anti-philosophical but also uncritical about the extent to which empirical observations can be colored by the very orientation to values that one seeks to control in rigorous empirical research.The claims of modern social scientists are greatly buttressed by the views of Talcott Parsons.

This open access book provides insight on current patterns of migration in Switzerland, which fall along a continuum from long-term and permanent to more temporary and fluid. These patterns are shaped by the interplay of legal norms, economic drivers and societal factors. The various dimensions of this Migration-Mobility Nexus are investigated by means of newly collected survey data: the Migration-Mobility Survey. The book covers different aspects of life in the host country, including the family dimension, the labour market and political participation as well as social integration. The book also takes into account the chronological dimension of migration by considering the migrants' arrival, their stay, and their expectations regarding return. Through applying conclusions drawn from the Swiss context to the migration literature on other European and high-income countries, this book contributes to new knowledge on current migration processes in high-income countries. As such it will be a valuable reference work to scholars and students in migration, social scientists and policy makers.

Two main aspects emerged from the main objective of this investigation, to analyze the behavior of the amounts spent by the 18 Sinaloa State Councils in the period 2010 to 2015 and their impact on a poverty indicator shown by CONEVAL and to identify the degree of perception about the expenditure classification made by the Local Governments (GL) in the analysis period. As a result, an econometric model was designed that determined the correlation between each of the spending categories (X) and the Social Lag Index (Y). Likewise, 70.43 percent dogmatized that they disagree and totally disagree about the amount of resources allocated to current spending; 82.9% indicated lack of transparency in resource management; 80 percent that the distribution has not been fair and at the same time that they have not had an impact on fighting poverty. The type of research took up the quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive approach through the application of a survey to a random probabilistic sample of 112 inhabitants using ICTs. ; Del objetivo principal de la presente investigación emanaron dos vertientes, analizar el comportamiento de los montos erogados por los 18 Ayuntamientos del Estado de Sinaloa en el periodo 2010 al 2015y su impacto en un indicador de pobreza mostrado por el CONEVAL e identificar el grado de percepción sobre la clasificación de gasto que realizaron los Gobiernos Locales (GL) en el periodo de análisis. Como fruto se diseñó un modelo econométrico que determinó la correlación entre cada una de las categorías del gasto (X) y el Índice de Rezago Social (Y). Así mismo, el 70.43 por ciento dogmatizaron estar nada de acuerdo y en total desacuerdo de la cantidad de recursos destinados a gasto corriente; un 82.9 % señalaron falta de transparencia en el manejo de los recursos; un 80 por ciento que la distribución no ha sido justa y a su vez que no han impactado en combatir la pobreza. El tipo de investigación retomó el enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y descriptiva a través de la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra probabilística aleatoria de 112 habitantes haciendo uso de las TIC´s.

2010 Fall. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Previous literature on voluntary initiatives indicates that companies are more likely to join if they are large, diverse, profitable and are experiencing more regulatory oversight. While these findings are interesting, they have yet to be replicated among a sample of United States companies in the case of the United Nations Global Compact. Thus, this study draws upon corporate social responsibility literature as it relates to the United Nation's Global Compact to explore the relationship between Global Compact participation, company characteristics, regulatory oversight, and regulatory violations. The data for this analysis comes from the United Nations Global Compact Office, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR database, the Environmental Protection Agency's Enforcement & Compliance History Online Database, the Dun & Bradstreet Million Dollar Database, Reference USA, along with selected corporate websites. The sample consists of 70 companies that joined the Global Compact and 70 companies that did not join the Global Compact. Logistic regression analysis suggests that the number of Securities and Exchange Commission litigation documents filed against each company increases the likelihood of Global Compact participation, as does the size of the company (seen with both sales totals and employees per company); additionally, companies based in manufacturing are also more likely to sign into the Global Compact. Surprisingly, previous environmental compliance was not associated with participation in the Global Compact. This finding suggests that U.S. companies that join the Global Compact are not "good" or "bad" environmental actors. This study is unique in that findings suggest companies that join the Global Compact appear to be driven primarily by economic regulation as opposed to environmental regulation.

International audience ; Through a variety of events and exhibitions, the concept of "sensory heritage" has appeared in several forms of expression of the cities' industrial memory. It relies on the assumption that there would exist sensory aspects of a city related to its past or present activities, which would constitute its identity and therefore be subject to a particular conservation and diffusion. This paper will discuss the connection between these two apparently opposite notions. In a first part, we will compare the concept of "sensory heritage" with the conventional categories for heritage analysis, and we will show how difficult it is to establish this notion. In a second part, we will analyze the opportunities offered by the concept of "sensory heritage" for public policies and the promotion of the identities of cities and industrial areas, in the context of some nostalgic closure of our societies. ; À travers diverses manifestations et expositions, la notion de « patrimoine sensoriel » fait aujourd'hui son apparition dans différentes formes d'expressions de la mémoire industrielle des villes. Elle repose sur l'hypothèse qu'il existerait des caractéristiques sensorielles liées aux activités présentes ou passées d'une ville, qui en constitueraient un trait identitaire et qui devraient dès lors faire l'objet d'une conservation et d'une diffusion spécifiques. Le présent article propose de discuter la pertinence du rapprochement de ces deux termes en apparence antinomiques. Dans une première partie, nous confrontons la notion de « patrimoine sensoriel » aux catégories classiques d'analyse du patrimoine, et nous montrerons à quel point il est difficile d'élaborer cette notion. Dans une seconde partie, nous analysons les opportunités qu'offre la notion de « patrimoine sensoriel » pour les politiques publiques et la promotion identitaire des villes et des territoires industriels, dans le contexte d'un certain repli nostalgique de nos sociétés.

First published in 1988. This collection of essays examines aspects of labour and industrial relations history in the textiles sector of Northern England during the mature phase of industrialisation before World War One and the period of retrenchment during the interwar economic recession. There are chapters on wool, worsted, silk, cotton spinning and weaving, and cotton finishing. The volume includes contributions by historians interested in employers' organisations and management strategies, labour, trade union and women's history. As such it provides a broader framework in which relationships between capital and labour are analysed. The book also incorporates some of the recent research on particularly neglected areas of social history, most notably on women workers and on the industrial relations policies of employers in textiles.

The burden of obesity varies with age, ethnicity, socio-economic status and state economies. All new projections should hence accommodate population ageing, and other population changes such as immigration, health-care system reform, or technological advances for disease treatment for a comprehensible assessment of global burden. The unfordable and expensive nature for reversing the obesity tide arises from policies developed to combat obesity. Most of these approaches aim at bringing the problem under control, rather than affecting a cure, and obviously require a multi-disciplinary and intensive regimen. Prevention is the only feasible option and is essential for all affected countries. Yet it is not simple to have population based UK-wide strategic framework for tackling obesity. Besides existence of multiple layers of governance, there are clear demarcations between targets in diet; nutrition and physical activity level between regions some of which are not realistic. Population based approaches target policies and process, aiming for a transition towards healthy population diets, activity levels and weight status. It is essential to understand these aspects differ culturally and between and within countries. There are still no clear and appropriate answers about answer when, where, why, and, how costs accrue in obese populations, further long term commitments are required for the same. Most population- based prevention policies are cost effective, largely paying for themselves through future health gains and resulting reductions in health expenditures. Therefore these prevention programs should be high on the scientific and political agendas.

International audience ; Comme énoncé dans les chapitres précédents, la notion de valeur(s) est au centre des préoccupations dans l'entreprise, mais également dans les recherches en sciences de gestion. Selon le type de gouvernance adoptée dans l'entreprise, les valeurs sont perçues de manières différentes. La gouvernance actionnariale ira vers la "création de valeur" pour l'actionnaire, tandis qu'une gouvernance de type partenariale prolongera cette création de valeur à aspect exclusivement financier par de la création de valeur partenariale, qui permettra la prise en considération de l'ensemble des parties prenantes dans sa stratégie. Depuis quelques années, nous constatons que les managers changent leur stratégie de communication tant intérieure qu'extérieure et nombreuses sont les entreprises qui affichent clairement leurs dites "valeurs". Une rubrique des sites internet y est très souvent consacrée : par exemple, le groupe Orange prône des valeurs qui sont "la proximité, la simplicité, la transparence, la modernité, le dynamisme, l'audace, la confiance et la responsabilité". Cette politique entre dans l'ère actuelle du développement durable, de la responsabilité sociétale de l'entreprise (RSE), et de l'éthique, qui sont au coeur des stratégies actuelles. Entre phénomène de mode ou véritables préoccupations de la part des dirigeants, il est parfois difficile de se rendre compte des réels efforts dans ces domaines, et des financements octroyés pour mettre en place des actions concrètes. Il arrive souvent malheureusement que les discours ne soient que de façade, dans le but de suivre le mouvement, pour se donner une meilleure image, celle d'une entreprise plus "humaine", qui serait socialement responsable.

International audience ; Comme énoncé dans les chapitres précédents, la notion de valeur(s) est au centre des préoccupations dans l'entreprise, mais également dans les recherches en sciences de gestion. Selon le type de gouvernance adoptée dans l'entreprise, les valeurs sont perçues de manières différentes. La gouvernance actionnariale ira vers la "création de valeur" pour l'actionnaire, tandis qu'une gouvernance de type partenariale prolongera cette création de valeur à aspect exclusivement financier par de la création de valeur partenariale, qui permettra la prise en considération de l'ensemble des parties prenantes dans sa stratégie. Depuis quelques années, nous constatons que les managers changent leur stratégie de communication tant intérieure qu'extérieure et nombreuses sont les entreprises qui affichent clairement leurs dites "valeurs". Une rubrique des sites internet y est très souvent consacrée : par exemple, le groupe Orange prône des valeurs qui sont "la proximité, la simplicité, la transparence, la modernité, le dynamisme, l'audace, la confiance et la responsabilité". Cette politique entre dans l'ère actuelle du développement durable, de la responsabilité sociétale de l'entreprise (RSE), et de l'éthique, qui sont au coeur des stratégies actuelles. Entre phénomène de mode ou véritables préoccupations de la part des dirigeants, il est parfois difficile de se rendre compte des réels efforts dans ces domaines, et des financements octroyés pour mettre en place des actions concrètes. Il arrive souvent malheureusement que les discours ne soient que de façade, dans le but de suivre le mouvement, pour se donner une meilleure image, celle d'une entreprise plus "humaine", qui serait socialement responsable.

This is the accepted version of the following article: Engs, R.C. (1991) "Resurgence of a New "Clean Living" Movement in the United States. Journal of School Health, 61 (4)155-159 available from:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1991.tb01198.x/abstract. ; Related articles on origins of American Prohibition cycles and clean living movements, drinking patterns and attitudes in western Europe from antiquity and the influence of the Roman Empire, its continued influence on modern society including alcohol control policies, attitudes and beverage preferences due to religion, climate, and European homeland can be found at the following IUScholarWorks links: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17452 ; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17143; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17139; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17145; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17148; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17149; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17485; ; During the late 19th century, a "clean living" movement emerged in the U.S. dominated by efforts to control alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and females' reproductive health. The movement also advocated proper diet, exercise and physical fitness, pure water, and moderation in caffeine and red meat consumption. Remarkably similar concerns. have emerged again m contemporary American society. The current "movement" lacks central organization. Rather, it reflects a loosely related coalition of single-issue advocacy groups. Yet, the focus seems remarkably similar to the 19th century movement - legislative limitation of individual choice regarding personal health behavior, particularly with substance use and females' reproductive health. This article reviews the 19th century movement, describes aspects of the contemporary movement, and offers implications and recommendations for school health professionals.

En el presente artículo no trata de ver qué pensador motivó a Carl Schmitt a escribir La tiranía de los valores sino de analizar los matices presentes en la edición privada de 1959, la edición española de 1961 y la introducción de 1967. Este objetivo conlleva recalar en uno de los primeros trabajos del autor. Se sostiene además que la crítica schmittiana presente en dicho texto tiene como fin repensar la jurisprudencia alemana. En este marco, Schmitt pasó a interesarse paradójicamente más por el cómo de la decisión que a justificar su importancia. Esto conduce a indagar sobre el motivo por el cual para Schmitt la tiranía de los valores se produce en un contexto democrático-liberal y no en uno totalitario. ; The following article is not about discovering which thinker motivated Carl Schmitt to write The Tyranny of Values, but to analyze the aspects in the private edition from 1959, the Spanish edition from 1961 and the 1967 introduction. The point of the article implies focusing on one of the author´s first works. It also argues that the Schmittian criticism is directed towards German jurisprudence. From this point of view, Schmitt started getting more interested in the how of the decision, than in justifying its importance. This leads to search the motive for which, to Schmitt, the tyranny of values takes place in a democratic-liberal context, and not in a totalitarian one. ; Fil: Laleff Ilieff, Ricardo Jesús. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

The article is devoted to the research of the maim aspects of the solidarity economy, the substantiation of the expediency of implementing the principles of solidarity labor remuneration, as they are fundamental for the development of a solidarity directed social policy within the national economy. In the course of the study was considered principles of "solidary wage policy", indicators of labor mobility, wage growth, costs for wages, employment of the able-bodied population, influencing the solidarity of the wage system by the example of the countries of the European Union, as well as solidarity oriented system of the organization of calculation of the salary. In the article was considered the relevance of a solidarity economy as an economic activity organized for sustainable individual and collective development. ; El artículo está dedicado a la investigación de los aspectos más importantes de la economía solidaria, la comprobación de la conveniencia de implementar los principios de la remuneración laboral solidaria, ya que son fundamentales para el desarrollo de una política social solidaria dentro de la economía nacional. En el curso del estudio se consideraron los principios de "política salarial solidaria", indicadores de movilidad laboral, crecimiento salarial, costos salariales, empleo de la población no discapacitada, influyendo en la solidaridad del sistema salarial por el ejemplo de los países la Unión Europea, así como el sistema orientado a la solidaridad de la organización del cálculo del salario. En el artículo se consideró la relevancia de una economía solidaria como una actividad económica organizada para el desarrollo sostenible individual y colectivo.

This study aims to analyze how the threat of food security is due to the conversion of agricultural land in Bojonegoro Regency, which is used as an oil and gas industry. As we know, the slogan of Bojonegoro Regency is the Food and Energy Barn. However, this slogan also raises the question of whether the two aspects of food and energy can be balanced or if they will only harm one another. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method supported by data to strengthen the author's argument. The results of this study state that the slogan of the Bojonegoro Regency with Food and Energy Barns is a questionable thing in reality. Districts with abundant natural wealth of oil and gas pose a threat to food security due to the many shifts in the function of agricultural land. The impact of the conversion of agricultural land in several villages also causes various economic and environmental impacts. The Bojonegoro Regency Government needs to review and think about strategies to manage and make the Bojonegoro Regency slogans real and have an impact on the surrounding community. Researchers provide policy recommendations with balanced management between the oil and gas and food sectors for the sake of realizing it as a District of Food and Energy Barns.

Analysis of changes in the status of the concept 'migrant' in Athens from the 1990s to the current day. As Greece had no legislation on migration until the 1980s, people from abroad were classified as 'foreigners', which had a very different meaning from today's meaning. The chapter also considers the effects of Greece joining the Schengen zone in terms of its migration policies. Formal abstract: One aspect of the financial and then fiscal crisis in Athens was the simultaneous change in, and increase of, migration to the city. Their sheer numbers seemed to add to a pervasive sense of disproportion affecting the city. Of course, it is not the first time there has been a sudden arrival of large numbers of people from elsewhere in Athens: the 1920s was another notable moment, following the compulsory exchange of populations after the final breakup of the Ottoman Empire. There was also the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War. Both the city's past and present transnational relations leave their traces in the form that migration takes, and the way it is experienced here. The paper takes a brief look at some of those traces in order to explore how the city has been affected by changes in border regimes, changes in the way different parts of the world are entangled with one another. ; Non peer reviewed