Suchergebnisse

One of the concerns of the current study is to analyse empirically and theoretically the economic and political causes of irregular migration to Italy in order to proceed with the critical estimation of the national, international and partly supranational migration policies. Since several theories will be applied during the study it will enable me to fully describe the phenomena of the irregular migration and modern enslavement of the irregular immigrants on Italian territory. I will disregard the fact that each theory is criticised on the grounds of being too concentrated on a few aspects of the phenomena and lacking the focus on all of its aspects due to the fact that the joint use of several theories provides a broader outlook. However, one crucial critique will be taken into closer consideration. Thus, the closer study of the phenomenon of modern slavery, strongly interconnected with the irregularity of migration, the duality of the Italian economy and the restrictive migration policies will bring together both the political and economic approaches to migration, whose split appears as the central critique for a great number of IR theories.12 In the normative part of the study I will focus on the critical analysis of the criminal status of the irregular immigrants assigned to them by the Italian migration policies and the Schengen Treaty of the EU in order to prove that instead of a criminal status, a victim status should be given to all immigrants, regardless of whether they were trafficked into Italian territory or crossed the border on their own free will. Additionally, in the normative part of the thesis I will compare and analyse scholars' previous findings related to the possible amendments to the existing policies and propose my own conclusions and suggestions of how the laws, policies and governmental focuses "ought to be" changed.

The interest in studying multiplayer video game play has been growing since the mid-2000s. This is in part due to growing interest in games that are part of eSports settings such as Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO), which is one of the main games within eSports, and is the video game that is studied in this paper. Studies of multiplayer video game play from a conversation analysis (CA) participant perspective appear to be scarce, although they are steadily becoming a legitimate topic in ethnomethodological conversation analytical (EMCA) studies. EMCA studies have mostly focused on aspects around the screen, and on how physically present players interact and draw upon resources both on- and off-screen. Some studies have taken the CA perspective further and blur the on-/off-screen dichotomy to better understand on-screen actions as social actions worthy of study. The aim of this article is to describe and gain new understanding of how participants socially organize their game play with a focus on sequentiality and accountability connected to "kills" (K) and "deaths" (D) in CS:GO. The social organizational structure of game play connected to K- and D-events in CS:GO can be described as a set of "rules" that participants orient to. In short, these rules appear to encompass communication efficiency: K-events are more often other-topicalized, and D-events are more often self-topicalized; spectating provides more sequential and temporal space for topicalization; and D-events are oriented to as more problematic events in need of further negotiation. In-and-through describing the social organization connected to K- and D-events from a participant's perspective, it becomes evident that "killing" and "dying" in-game is not oriented to in a literal fashion. They are oriented to as frequent events that are basic parts of the game's mechanics and of playing the game to win or lose.

Since the 1990s, most states in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) have embarked on energy sector reforms. These have included removing subsidies, which has resulted in increased end-user costs for energy. The research presented here comprises an integral part of a set of qualitative studies on poverty and social impacts of energy subsidy reforms. In particular, it examines what it means for energy subsidy reforms to be more gender sensitive. The purpose of this research is to illustrate the extent to which energy subsidy reforms in the ECA region differently impact men and women. Prior global studies on gender and energy suggest that men and women have different priorities when it comes to energy use; that the reforms may have unequal effects on their well-being; that they face different challenges in interacting with energy providers or social assistance institutions; and may have different views on and knowledge of policy reforms. The target audience for this study is development practitioners, public officials, and civil society actors involved in social sustainability and the communications aspects of energy reform policies.

This research paper focuses on Indo-Canadian poet Rupi Kaur and her work. By analysing Kaur's work, this dissertation aims to examine the evolution of poetry as it has been influenced by the digital space in today's society. Literature and poetry have always been shaped by their environment and Instagram poetry is no different. The manner in which Kaur's poetry has developed on social media like Instagram is a question that prompts several areas of inquiry. The relationship between Instapoetry and different aspects of Kaur's work brings to light matters of poetic form. To do so, this paper concentrates on different aspects of Kaur's work by taking into account her poetry in print form, digital activism, oral performances and her political and social engagement as a Canadian woman of color.The first part of this dissertation concerns the evolution that has occurred from the distribution to the reception of digital poetry. Indeed, digital poetry has to cope with new challenges brought by digitization. As the creation, distribution and reception of art are simplified thanks to social networks, anyone with Internet access can create poetry and publish it on digital platforms. In doing so, one positive outcome is that art is no longer limited to a supposed literary elite, as it might have been in the past with poetry in print. However, what is more problematic is the amateurism that it appears to generate. For some critics and scholars, the vulgarisation of poetry on the digital space can be seen as a threat to literary tradition. Indeed, digital poetry is questioning the very definition of art. This article illustrates how digital poetry breaks the rules previously established by academics and refuses to the canonical rules of poetry. Nonetheless, it is important to mention that this refusal of supposed literary rules is not unique to digital poetry because many other traditions and literary movements before the 21st century and even before the 20 th century refused them. ; Ce mémoire se concentre sur la poésie ...

This research paper focuses on Indo-Canadian poet Rupi Kaur and her work. By analysing Kaur's work, this dissertation aims to examine the evolution of poetry as it has been influenced by the digital space in today's society. Literature and poetry have always been shaped by their environment and Instagram poetry is no different. The manner in which Kaur's poetry has developed on social media like Instagram is a question that prompts several areas of inquiry. The relationship between Instapoetry and different aspects of Kaur's work brings to light matters of poetic form. To do so, this paper concentrates on different aspects of Kaur's work by taking into account her poetry in print form, digital activism, oral performances and her political and social engagement as a Canadian woman of color.The first part of this dissertation concerns the evolution that has occurred from the distribution to the reception of digital poetry. Indeed, digital poetry has to cope with new challenges brought by digitization. As the creation, distribution and reception of art are simplified thanks to social networks, anyone with Internet access can create poetry and publish it on digital platforms. In doing so, one positive outcome is that art is no longer limited to a supposed literary elite, as it might have been in the past with poetry in print. However, what is more problematic is the amateurism that it appears to generate. For some critics and scholars, the vulgarisation of poetry on the digital space can be seen as a threat to literary tradition. Indeed, digital poetry is questioning the very definition of art. This article illustrates how digital poetry breaks the rules previously established by academics and refuses to the canonical rules of poetry. Nonetheless, it is important to mention that this refusal of supposed literary rules is not unique to digital poetry because many other traditions and literary movements before the 21st century and even before the 20 th century refused them. ; Ce mémoire se concentre sur la poésie ...

This research paper focuses on Indo-Canadian poet Rupi Kaur and her work. By analysing Kaur's work, this dissertation aims to examine the evolution of poetry as it has been influenced by the digital space in today's society. Literature and poetry have always been shaped by their environment and Instagram poetry is no different. The manner in which Kaur's poetry has developed on social media like Instagram is a question that prompts several areas of inquiry. The relationship between Instapoetry and different aspects of Kaur's work brings to light matters of poetic form. To do so, this paper concentrates on different aspects of Kaur's work by taking into account her poetry in print form, digital activism, oral performances and her political and social engagement as a Canadian woman of color.The first part of this dissertation concerns the evolution that has occurred from the distribution to the reception of digital poetry. Indeed, digital poetry has to cope with new challenges brought by digitization. As the creation, distribution and reception of art are simplified thanks to social networks, anyone with Internet access can create poetry and publish it on digital platforms. In doing so, one positive outcome is that art is no longer limited to a supposed literary elite, as it might have been in the past with poetry in print. However, what is more problematic is the amateurism that it appears to generate. For some critics and scholars, the vulgarisation of poetry on the digital space can be seen as a threat to literary tradition. Indeed, digital poetry is questioning the very definition of art. This article illustrates how digital poetry breaks the rules previously established by academics and refuses to the canonical rules of poetry. Nonetheless, it is important to mention that this refusal of supposed literary rules is not unique to digital poetry because many other traditions and literary movements before the 21st century and even before the 20 th century refused them. ; Ce mémoire se concentre sur la poésie ...

'Barrelling': Russian political culture'Soil and seed': social network culture, or why comply with oral commands?; Factors of change: business and monetisation; Factors of change: globalisation; Reflexivity: why do good people do bad things?; 2 Putin's sistema: svoi on top; Integrating the network dimension into the model; Ideal types of power networks; Ambivalence of power networks; Supportive yet subversive: the functions of power networks; Putin's vertical of power; Putin's networks; 'Inner circle'; 'Useful friends'; 'Core contacts'; 'Mediated contacts'; Prospects for change

Scholars have described in detail the Schism (Raskol) of the Russian Orthodox Church (c. 1652-66) brought on by the Nikonnian reforms. As a result of this schism, large segments of the population (raskol'niki, or people of Raskol) have evolved, members of which came to be known as Old Believers because of their insistence on worshipping according to pre-reform rituals. Persecution by the Russian tsarist government forced Old Believers into remote and undeveloped areas, where they quietly continued to practice the old rituals, periodically moving when threats of persecution caught up with them again. Several of these groups have recently immigrated to the United States, settling in the rural areas of Oregon and Alaska. Their obedience to the old 17th-century ways places them in conspicuous contrast to other residents of their new location. At the same time, elders complain that contact with modern American values is threatening the loyalty and discipline of their members, especially the younger ones. However, despite tendencies toward acculturation in some aspects of their existence, their continued observance of the old ways in many religious and cultural aspects, including appearance, religious conduct, and language, both Russian and Church Slavonic, is found to a large degree. This paper describes their present-day way of life and the continuing efforts to preserve and protect their cultural values.Key words: Old Believers, cultural change, persistence, religious values ; Mots clés: "vieux croyants", changement culturel, persistance, valeurs religieuses

In this short paper we analyse some paradoxical aspects of France's Foucauldian heritage: (1) while several French scholars claim the COVID-19 pandemic is a perfect example of what Foucault called biopolitics, popular reaction instead suggests a biopolitical failure on the part of the government; (2) One of these failures concerns the government's inability to produce reliable biostatistical data, especially regarding health inequalities in relation to COVID-19. We interrogate whether Foucaldianism contributed, in the past as well today, towards a certain myopia in France regarding biostatistics and its relation to social inequalities in health. One might ask whether this very data could provide an appropriate response to the Foucauldian question: What kind of governance of life is the pandemic revealing to us?

Social media data have emerged as a new source for detecting and monitoring disaster events. A number of recent studies have suggested that social media data streams can be used to mine actionable data for emergency response and relief operation. However, no effort has been made to classify social media data into stages of disaster management (mitigation, preparedness, emergency response, and recovery), which has been used as a common reference for disaster researchers and emergency managers for decades to organize information and streamline priorities and activities during the course of a disaster. This paper makes an initial effort in coding social media messages into different themes within different disaster phases during a time-critical crisis by manually examining more than 10,000 tweets generated during a natural disaster and referencing the findings from the relevant literature and official government procedures involving different disaster stages. Moreover, a classifier based on logistic regression is trained and used for automatically mining and classifying the social media messages into various topic categories during various disaster phases. The classification results are necessary and useful for emergency managers to identify the transition between phases of disaster management, the timing of which is usually unknown and varies across disaster events, so that they can take action quickly and efficiently in the impacted communities. Information generated from the classification can also be used by the social science research communities to study various aspects of preparedness, response, impact and recovery.

This book deals with the discourse on Kurdishness and the development of the Kurdish national movement from its inception at the end of the 19th century to the late 1930's. The first part examines the efforts of aspiring Kurdish leaders, mainly through newspapers, to "awaken" their fellow Kurds to the necessity and benefits of the Kurdish cause. Part two deals with the rise of a Kurdish movement in exile, mainly in Syria, and analyzes various aspects of cultural nation-building as mirrored in Kurdish publications. Part three focuses on the effort of a prominent Kurdish nationalist to promote Kurdishness in a little-known novel written in German. The book includes an annex with translations from Ottoman and Turkish sources, illustrations, and an index

Going beyond current books on privacy and security, Unauthorized Access: The Crisis in Online Privacy and Security proposes specific solutions to public policy issues pertaining to online privacy and security. Requiring no technical or legal expertise, the book explains complicated concepts in clear, straightforward language. The authors-two renowned experts on computer security and law-explore the well-established connection between social norms, privacy, security, and technological structure. This approach is the key to understanding information security and informational privacy, providing

Intro -- Blank Page -- Preface -- Prologue -- Chapter 1: The Meaning of Ethics -- Introduction -- What is Ethics About? -- Metaethics -- Normative ethics -- Religious ethics -- Social ethics -- Personal ethics -- Professional ethics -- What Ethics is Not About -- The Importance of Ethics to Politicians and Public Officials -- The Dilemma of the Public Official -- Summary -- Chapter 2: Secular Values Forming the Basis of Ethical Conduct -- Introduction -- The ultimate goal of modern government -- What is good governance? -- Constitutional Principles -- The Rule of Law -- Public justice

Introduction : why do western European states promote international human rights norms? -- Order-versus-justice : a theory of international human rights norm promotion -- Prohibition of torture -- Justiciability of economic, social and culture rights -- Ecocide -- Conclusions.