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This volume results from the works of the international day of studies on «Effects of truth: documents and images between history and fiction» («Effetti di verità: documenti e immagini tra storia e finzione»), which took place on the 19th of March 2015, at the Department of Philosophy, Communication and Entertainment of the University of Rome Three, in collaboration with the program Politiques des images of the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme in Paris. The axis linking the contributions contained in the volume is the survey on the status that documents and photographic images have in relation to the texts and their intentionality, namely the philosophical consequences arising from the massive use of photography in texts that can, in various ways, be ascribed to the field of literature. The essays gathered here contain several interpretive trails - all of a theoretical nature - all undertaken on the basis of a direct encounter with authors and texts ranging from Benjamin to Proust, from Warburg to Sebald, from Barthes to Modiano, from Kracauer to Mendelsohn. Their plot helps to outline not only the epistemic function of photography in relation to writing, but also the profile of a fiction literature, nor mere fiction or mere historical biography, which can provide us, thanks to the photographic medium, a new way to express our experience of time and memory. ; Ce volume découle des travaux de la journée internationale d'études sur «Les effets de vérité: documents et images entre l'histoire et la fiction» («Effetti di verità: documenti e immagini tra storia e finzione»), qui a eu lieu le 19 mars 2015 au Département de Philosophie, Communication et Spectacle de l'Université de Rome Trois, en collaboration avec le programme Politique des images de la Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme à Paris. Les contributions contenues dans le volume composent une enquête sur le statut que les documents et les images photographiques assument par rapport aux textes et à leur intentionnalité. Elles étudient ainsi les conséquences philosophiques dérivant de l'utilisation massive de la photographie dans des textes pouvant être, de manière variable, attribués au domaine de la littérature. Les essais ci-rassemblés présentent des pistes interprétatives – toutes ayant une nature théorique – entreprises sur la base d'une rencontre directe avec des auteurs et des textes allant de Benjamin à Proust, de Warburg à Sebald, de Barthes à Modiano, de Kracauer à Mendelsohn. Leur réunion contribue à souligner non seulement la fonction épistémique de la photographie par rapport à l'écriture, mais aussi le profil d'une littérature fictive – ni pure fiction, ni simple biographie historique – qui, grâce au médium photographique, peut nous fournir une façon nouvelle d'exprimer notre expérience du temps et de la mémoire. ; Il presente volume trae origine dai lavori della giornata internazionale di studi su «Effetti di verità: documenti e immagini tra storia e finzione», che ha avuto luogo il 19 marzo 2015 presso il Dipartimento di Filosofia, Comunicazione e Spettacolo dell'Università degli Studi Roma Tre, in collaborazione con il programma Politiques des images della Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme di Parigi. Il filo rosso che lega i contributi contenuti nel volume è l'indagine sullo statuto che documenti e immagini fotografiche assumono in rapporto ai testi e alla loro intenzionalità, ovvero alle conseguenze filosofiche che derivano dall'impiego massiccio della fotografia in testi che possono essere in varia misura ascritti all'ambito della letteratura. I saggi qui raccolti presentano dei percorsi interpretativi – tutti di taglio teorico – intrapresi tutti sulla scorta di un serrato confronto con autori e testi che vanno da Benjamin a Proust, da Warburg a Sebald, da Barthes a Modiano, da Kracauer a Mendelsohn. La loro trama contribuisce a delineare non solo la funzione epistemica della fotografia in rapporto alla scrittura, ma anche il profilo di una letteratura fittiva, né mera finzione né mera biografia storica, che grazie al medium fotografico riesce a fornirci un modo nuovo per esprimere la nostra esperienza del tempo e della memoria.

乌托邦社团和梦想更加美好的世界:关于生命禅园(中国),Christiania(丹麦),Damanhur(意大利)的民族志研究 ; 本博士论文探讨乌托邦社团的文化及其所在社会的背景。乌托邦社团的成员们选择了各自的乌托邦团体,作为其创造一个更美好世界的战略位置,并参与了种种变革世界的活动。本文从民族志观点的细节陈述三个社团:1.中国的生命禅园,以自由情爱和共产主义为天堂捷径,最终被当地机关取缔。2.丹麦的Christiania,一个多彩多姿的政治社团,提倡完全民主,为人人都有居住在城市中心的权力和自由而战,同时也是一个庞大的大麻市场,给来自各地的游客们提供了一个体验非主流文化的实验场所。3.Damanhur,一个意大利的灵修社团,那里每个成员都是拯救人类命运的战士。深入的调查显示这些乌托邦团体就像一面面扭曲的镜子,反映出的是该社会尚未解决的价值争议,而并非创建者的虚无幻想。乌托邦社团的出现往往与其所处的社会变革及其特定的历史背景有紧密关系。这份研究还将各邪教惊人的讲故事才能,成员们追捧怪诞信仰的现象与其抗争各社会政治经济领域中的主流文化的关系联系在一起。 ; This PhD thesis is an exploration into the cultures of utopian communities and the societies in which they are embedded. Members of utopian communities are engaged in transformation projects and have chosen their utopian community as a strategic place from where to make a better world. Three communities are presented in ethnographic detail: 1. Life Chanyuan in China, which has attempted to promote free-love and communism as a short-cut to heaven but was finally closed down by the state, 2. Christiania in Denmark, a colorful political community standing for consensus democracy, the fight for freedom and urban space for all, a massive market for hashish, and a counter-cultural entertainment experience for visitors, and 3. Damanhur, an Italian esoteric community, whose members see themselves as warriors on a mission to rescue humankind. Further analysis shows that all these utopian communities act as distorted mirrors of their societies by addressing their societies' unresolved value contests. They are not just fictional fantasies of their founders. Intentional communities with utopian aspirations are presented as a regular social phenomenon related to social innovation and change and are shown to engage in historically specific conversation with their societies. This research also connects the amazing capability of story-telling of cultish groups, as well as their members adopting beliefs which at times appear extremely bizarre, with counter-cultural opposition to the dominating paradigms in politics and the economy in different ...

Master's thesis in Literacy studies ; This thesis investigates the use of short videos as pedagogical tools in lower secondary school in Norway. The thesis raises research questions regarding teachers' use of short video in EFL, teacher and student attitudes to video teaching, and student responses to being taught contemporary race issues through short video. Data in this study were obtained through mixed method research. Firstly, quantitative data were gathered through an online teacher questionnaire in which 39 lower secondary EFL teachers in the Stavanger area participated. Secondly, a small-scale case study in a tenth grade class measured students' attitudes to videos and their reaction to being taught contemporary race issues through qualitative methods such as teacher intervention and focus group interviews. The case study involved the researcher teaching three consecutive lessons about race using two types of short videos: two news broadcasts and one documentary. This study has found that the main intentions that the teachers have when using short videos in EFL teaching are to differentiate their teaching, motivate students, and vary lessons. Content wise, teachers use videos to promote cultural insight and to expose students to authentic language, with communicative competence, listening comprehension and vocabulary learning as desired learning outcomes. Among the positive impacts of short videos, teachers have experienced their students being motivated, engaged and remembering content better than through traditional textbook teaching. In addition, teachers report that students who struggle with comprehension benefit from the visual element in a video, thus reinforcing Paivio's notion that visual stimuli reinforces verbal understanding (Paivio et al. 1980). The most prominent challenges accounted for were the demanding and sometimes inappropriate language of authentic videos found on the Internet, as well as technological issues such as unreliable video presentation tools. What has come to light in this study is that videos are being used mostly as supplements or illustrations to the textbook with the intention of filling the gap between what the curriculum demands and the textbook offers. This use of videos gives the impression that teachers do not incorporate short videos as texts into the subject syllabus and assessment, thus indicating that many teachers do not regard videos as being of equal educational value as written texts in English teaching. This study has found that students being familiar with YouTube through home usage brings both benefits and challenges into the EFL classroom. On the one hand, this can lead to higher intrinsic motivation because being able to understand what they are viewing is transferrable to their personal lives. On the other hand, students will often associate YouTube and video viewing in general with entertainment and relaxation, making it challenging for teachers to clearly distinguish educational and recreational use of the resource in their teaching. The students in this study were mostly positive towards learning with short videos, and believed that they learn more, focus better, and remember content longer by viewing video as opposed to reading written texts in English lessons. The students also indicated that a haphazard use and over- or misuse of video in the classroom results in the teaching tool losing its appeal to them. The students reported that being taught race through the news and documentary in the case study provided them with new perspectives on race issues. The student responses indicated that a combination of representing race from the perspective of the past and present, as well as incorporating several viewpoints, first-hand experiences, and relating issues to their own lives are effective approaches to teaching race. In view of the results of this research, videos have promising potential for teaching race that goes beyond the English subject as the combination of communicative competence obtained from viewing authentic video and the cultural competence gained through learning about race stretches far in meeting the Core Curriculum's ideals of democratic involvement and co-citizenship. This study has contributed to create an awareness of the need for more teacher training in new forms of literacy and raised some interesting questions about the implications of teaching contemporary race issues in Norway.

Desde a década de 70, nas favelas cariocas, boa parte da produção cultural e de entretenimento está diretamente ligada à música negra norte-americana, passando por releituras em sua estrutura rítmica e adaptando as letras para o cenário nacional. A favela tem ocupado um lugar decisivo na produção e consumo musical, principalmente nos bailes funk, ambientes propícios à suspensão dos problemas do cotidiano, interação entre diferentes classes sociais, geração de renda e lócus privilegiado para demonstração do poder das facções. A música, nesse contexto, torna-se importante forma de comunicação e passa a ocupar um lugar central nas discussões sobre ordem urbana. Os dados apresentados são resultado de entrevistas em favelas entre 2005 e 2009, e no retorno a campo em 2012. Serão analisadas letras classificadas como "proibidas", documentos produzidos pelo Estado durante a implantação das UPPS e um número especial da revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais (Ibase) sobre o tema. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Favela. Conflitos sociais. Cultura. Ordem urbana. Polícia. NOW LOWER THE SOUND: UPPS, order and music in the city of Rio de Janeiro Luciane Soares da Silva Since the 70s, the slums, much of the cultural production and entertainment, is directly linked to black American music, through readings in its rhythmic structure and adapting the lyrics to the national scene. The slum has played a decisive role in the musical production and consumption, especially in dances "funk", environments conducive to the suspension of everyday problems, interaction between different social classes, income generation and privileged locus for demonstration of the power of the factions. The music in this context, it becomes important form of communication and now occupies a central place in discussions of order and right to the city. After the establishment of the Police Pacification Units (UPPS), changes relating to the dances have generated problems between patrons and police. Around music, important symbolic disputes occur, since the social control exercised by the state, with more intensity on the prom goers, between 14 and 30 years. At the same time, a significant amount of funk banned still circulate through the city, with reviews will Municipality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, the state government and the federal government by way of driving occupations. The data presented are the result of interviews in slums between 2005 and 2009, and return to the field in 2012. Will be analyzed letters classified as "prohibited", documents produced by the state during initiation of UPPS, and a special issue of the Brazilian Institute for Social Analyses (IBASE) on the topico. KEYWORDS: Slum. Social conflicts. Culture. Urban order. Police. MAINTENANT BAISSE LE SON : UPPS, ordre et musique dans la ville de Rio de Janeiro Luciane Soares da Silva Depuis les années 70, dans les favelas de Rio de Janeiro, une bonne partie de la production culturelle et des divertissements est directement influencée par la musique noire nord-américaine marquée par une nouvelle lecture de sa structure rythmique et adaptant les paroles des chansons au scénario national. La favela occupe une place de choix dans la production et la consommation musicale, essentiellement dans les bals funk, ambiances propices à l'oubli des problèmes quotidiens, à l'interaction entre les différentes classes sociales, source de revenus et lieu privilégié pour la démonstration du pouvoir des factions. Dans ce contexte, la musique devient un moyen important de communication et occupe désormais une place centrale dans les discussions concernant l'ordre urbain. Les données présentées sont le résultat d'interviews faites dans les favelas de 2005 à 2009, puis d'un retour sur le terrain en 2012. On analyse les paroles considérées "interdites", les documents produits par l'Etat pendant l'implantation des UPPS et un numéro spécial de la revue de l'Institut Brésilien d'Analyses Sociales (IBASE) édité sur ce thème. MOTS-CLÉS: Favela. Conflits sociaux. Culture. Ordre urbain. Police. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

ABSTRAK Kata Kunci: Nilai karakter, tulisan siswa, mading Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan nilai – nilai karakter bangsa dalam tulisan siswa pada majalah dinding di SMP N 1 Seririt. Untuk memfasilitasi peserta didik mengembangkan dirinya menjadi insan yang berkarakter tangguh, ada banyak nilai yang perlu ditanamkan.Namun demikian, menanamkan semua karakter pada peserta didik merupakan hal yang sangat berat. Oleh karena itu, perlu diidentifikasi sejumlah nilai sebagai prioritas penanaman. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggali tulisan melalui mading. Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun yang menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mading dari siswa SMP Negeri 1 Seririt. Sedangkan yang menjadi objek penelitiannya adalah nilai-nilai karakter bangsa sebagai variable bebas dan majalah dinding sebagai variable terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penerapan nilai-nilai karakter bangsa dalam tulisan siswa pada majalah dinding di SMP N 1 Seririt, yang diwujudkan dengan tulisan-tulisan di majalah dinding khususnya pada rubric berita, tajuk rencana, opini, profil dan cerita hiburan. Delapan belas nilai-nilai karakter yaitu : Religius, Jujur, Toleransi, Disiplin, Kerja Keras, Kreatif, Mandiri, Demokratis, Rasa Ingin tahu, Semangat Kebangsaan, Cinta Tanah Air, Menghargai Prestasi, Bersahabat, Cinta Damai, Gemar Membaca, Peduli Lingkungan, Peduli Sosial, Tanggung Jawab. Dari delapan belas tersebut, hanya Sembilan nilai-nilai karakter yang ditemukan dalam tulisan mading SMP N 1 Seririt yaitu nilai karakter religius, toleransi, kerja keras, kreatif, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, peduli sosial, dan tanggung-jawab. Nilai-nilai karakter yang ditanamkan di sekolah semestinya selalu mendapatkan porsi perhatian yang cukup besar, sebab karakter bangsa yang ditanamkan sejak dini melalui tulisan-tulisan di majalah dinding akan semakin membuat rasa kebangsaan muncul dan siswa-siswi sebagai generasi muda tetap berusaha bisa menjaga keutuhan NKRI.Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: Nilai karakter, tulisan siswa, mading ABSTRACT Keywords: Value of characters, writing students, mading This research is a qualitative descriptive study aimed to determine the application of value - the value of the character of the nation in student writing on the wall magazine in SMP N 1 Seririt. To facilitate learners to develop itself into a formidable man of character, there are many values that need to be instilled. Nevertheless, embed all the characters on the learner is very heavy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a number of priority values planting. One way is to dig through the wall magazine article. In this study, the approach used is qualitative approach. As for the subjects in this study were Mading of students of SMP Negeri 1 Seririt. While the object of research is the character of the nation's values as independent variables and the dependent variable wall magazine. The results showed that there is application of national character values in student writing on the wall magazine in SMP N 1 Seririt, which is realized by the writings on the wall, especially on the rubric magazine news, editorials, opinions, profiles and entertainment stories. Eighteen character values are : Religious, Honest, Tolerance, Discipline, Hard Work, Creative, Independent, Democratic, Curious Sense, Spirit of Folk, Love the country, Rewarding Achievement, Friendly, Love Peace, Joy of Reading, Environmental Care, Social Care, Responsibility. Of the eighteen, only nine of character values that are found in the writings of SMP N 1 Seririt Mading is the value of a religious character, tolerance, hard work, creativity, spirit of nationalism, patriotism, respect for achievement, social care and responsibility. Character values are instilled in the school should always get a large enough portion of interest, because the character of the nation that invested early on through the writings on the wall magazine will increasingly make sense of nationalism emerged and the students as the younger generation is trying to maintain the integrity of the Republic.keyword : Keywords: Value of characters, writing students, mading

I would like to welcome all readers to the first issue of this new not-for-profit open access journal: the Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems (LITES). Unless you have come across this journal by accident then you will already understand the key role that embedded systems have in modern life. One can hardly think of a single human activity that is not underpinned by such systems; transport, entertainment, supply lines for supermarkets, health care and drug production, energy production and transmission, robotic manufacturing, control systems and communication media of all kinds are now dependent on the fusion of embedded hardware and software. For researchers in this domain this provides great opportunities but also responsibilities. We need to make sure that society can justifiable rely on technology that is increasing beyond the understanding of most ordinary people. Computer-based technologies have been described as modern magic; it follows that we are therefore magicians. But the spells we cast must be based on sound principles, solid theory and demonstrable performance.One of the influences that embedded and other IT technology has had in the last decade is in publishing itself. Online services are now the norm. And early and open access to publicly funded research is now rightly demanded by Government bodies and related funding councils. This new journal has been created to meet this challenge. All papers are open access, with copyright being retained by the authors. Moreover, only a small fee is charged to authors due to low operational overheads and the support of Google and the Klaus Tschira Stiftung. But the lack of a physical page limit in an online-only journal does not mean that quality is undermined. All papers are thoroughly reviewed, with only the best work, in terms of originality and rigour, being accepted. Our aim is to evolve an excellent and effective venue for publish scholarly articles. To help achieve this aim LITES benefits greatly from having the name and reputation of Schloss Dagstuhl behind it.The volume of research material produced world-wide relating to embedded systems has lead to the spawning of many conferences and workshops, special issues and focused publications. In LITES we intend to cater for the broadest collection of relevant topics. We currently have subject editors to cover: the design, implementation, verification, and testing of embedded hardware and software systems; the theoretical foundations; single-core, multi-processor and networked architectures and their energy consumption and predictability properties; reliability and fault tolerance; security properties; applications in the avionics, automotive, telecommunication, medical and production domains; cyber-physical systems; high performance and real-time embedded systems; and hybrid systems. This is an impressive list, but it is not exhaustive. New areas will emerge and new editors will be appointed.LITES obtains its governance from EDAA (European Design and Automation Association) and EMSIG (Embedded Systems Special Interest Group) as a joint endeavour with Schloss Dagstuhl. EDAA/EMSIG appoint the Editor-in-Chief (EiC) and the subject area editors. The terms for editors is four years, renewable once. All editorial work is done voluntarily.The first few issues of the journal will contain standard papers that have been through the review process. Later, comments on previously published papers will be allowed and commentaries included that will help the reader trace forward the influence of each paper. Comments will be reviewed; commentaries will just need to be passed by the EiC. I hope that as a reader you will find the papers in this journal of interest and often inspirational. As a researcher I hope you will consider it as a worthy place to entrust your work. All the editorial team will work towards building up the reputation of the journal. I hope the community at large will be part of that journey.I am proud to be the founding EiC of this journal, but I promise not to include editorials in future issues. The papers are quite capable of introducing themselves.Alan Burns

Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt und bestimmt die prägenden Merkmale des Sports der griechisch-römischen Antike. Primär stützt sich die Untersuchung auf altsprachliches und archäologisches Quellenmaterial. Als zeitlicher Rahmen wurden Beginn und Verbot der antiken Olympischen Spiele (776 v. Chr. bis 393 n. Chr.) gewählt. Die Arbeit unterliegt formal einer Zweiteilung: Der erste Teil dient der Untersuchung verschiedener Sportarten und -disziplinen. Der zweite Teil ist die Auswertung der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der prägenden Merkmale des antiken Sports. Den Anfang des ersten Teiles macht die Athletik (Ringen, Boxen und Pankration; Sprung, Speer- und Diskuswurf; Lauf und Pentathlon). Es folgen Untersuchungen zu verschiedenen Formen des Ballsports, des Wassersports, des Gewichthebens und des Bogenschießens. Der römisch geprägte Sport findet seine Beachtung in den munera (Gladiatorenkämpfe und Tierhetzen). Beim Pferdesport nehmen wir eine Trennung zwischen den hippischen Agonen der Griechen und den circensischen Spielen der Römer vor. Der zweite Abschnitt bestimmt und beschreibt die sieben prägenden Wesenszüge (Öffentlichkeit, Professionalismus, Chancen, Leistung, Zahlen, Titel, Rekorde) des Sports der griechisch-römischen Antike in Bezug auf A. GUTTMANNs (Vom Ritual zum Rekord,1979) angeführten sieben Charakteristika (Weltlichkeit, Gleichheit, Spezialisierung, Rationalisierung, Bürokratisierung, Quantifizierung, Suche nach Rekorden) Sportveranstaltungen waren ein elementarer Bestandteil des öffentlichen Lebens. Enorme Zuschauermengen (z. B. Olympia, Colosseum) kamen zur allgemeinen Unterhaltung und Kommunikation, sowie zu kommerziellen Zwecken und politischen Interessen zusammen. Der Wettkampfsport war einer beruflichen Tätigkeit gleichgestellt. Nur ein hoher Aufwand an Zeit und Personal sowie ausgeklügelte Trainings- und Ernährungspläne gaben Aussicht auf den Sieg. Die Berufssportler waren oft auf Wettkampftournee und genossenschaftlich organisiert. Von besonders hohem Stellenwert beim sportlichen Wettkampf war die Chancengleichheit, die durch kontrolliertes Training vor den Wettkämpfen, Einteilung in Altersklassen, Auslosung von Gegnern bzw. Startpositionen, genaues Regelwerk und gut geschulte Kampfrichter erreicht wurde. Die griechisch-römische Antike war eine Leistungsgesellschaft, die durch das Messen, Bewerten und Vergleichen besonders stark beim Wettkampfsport hervortrat. Zahlen hatten für die Welt der griechisch-römischen Antike - vor allem für den Sport - eine immense Bedeutung. Die Darstellung von Leistungen durch Zahlenmaterial galt mangels technischer Möglichkeiten (z.B. das Fehlen von Stoppuhren) als besonders anschaulich. Die Wettkampfsportler strebten nicht nur nach Siegen, sondern vor allem nach Titeln, die man bei bedeutenden Veranstaltungen erlangen konnte, begleitet von materiellen oder finanziellen Gewinnen bzw. Privilegien. Von großem Interesse war es für die antiken Wettkampfsportler, sich als Rekordmann/-frau darzustellen, z. B. mit dem Hinweis auf die Erst- und/oder Einmaligkeit der Leistungen, aber auch in konstruierten Vergleichen mit anderen Spitzensportlern. Wir konnten somit feststellen, dass der Wettkampfsport der griechisch-römischen Antike von o. g. sieben Charakteristika geprägt wurde ; This dissertation emphasizes and determines the poignant characteristics of Greco-Roman sports. Our work is primarily based on the sources of classical philology and archaeology. The period we examine is ranging from the beginning to the abolition of the Olympic Games (776 B.C. to A.D. 393). Formally we split the work in two parts: Part one deals with the generally accepted canon of sports of the Greek-Roman world, and we use our knowledge of part one for the determination of the characteristics in part two. We open part one with the athletics (wrestling, boxing, pancration, jump, javelin and discus, running events and pentathlon), followed by ball games, aquatics, weight-lifting and archery. We also pay attention to the munera (gladiatorial combats and wild beast shows). Finally we concern with chariot-racing, divided in the hippic Agones of the Greeks and the Roman ludi circenses. In the second part we determine and describe the seven characteristics (public, professionalism, chances, achievement, numbers, titles, records) of sports in the ancient Greco-Roman world and makes a comparison to the seven characteristics (secularism, equality of opportunity, specialization, rationalization, bureaucratic organization, quantification, the quest for records ) given by A. GUTTMANN (From Ritual to Record ,1978 ) Sports meetings were an important part of public life. Masses of people came together (e. g. Olympia, Colosseum), for entertainment, talk, commercial means and political intents. From the beginning sporting competition was seen as a profession. A high expenditure of time and personal was necessary for success. The professionals were often on tour, and most of them were organized in associations. Equality of chances was of uncommon importance in ancient sports. The participants were divided into age-categories, opponents were drawn. Fixed rules and qualified referees took care for a high level of equal chances for all. The Greco-Roman world was an achievement-oriented society. Especially in sports people measured, rated and compared. Figures were of great importance in all fields of antique life. In sports they were the dominant medium to present achievements and victories. The athletes struggled not only for victories, but especially for titles. Victories in eminent meetings were combined with material or financial profits and the acquisition of privileges. All ancient athletes were keen on records, they even looked for combinations of victories or established curious combinations of attainments to be "the one and only". We have concluded, that sports in the Greek-Roman antiquity were formed by the seven above-named characteristics

Beijing was transformed from traditional urban to modern urban space after the 1911 Revolution. Although the failure of the monarchy�셲 revival by Yuan Shi-kai (1859-1916) and the rise of warlordism sent Beijing into confusion, the Beijing metropolitan government had carried out the urgent problems of urban building and space reorganization since 1910s. The medical missionaries tried to reach the spatialization of disease and body through the classification of diseases and statistics, but they could not reorganize residential and daily living spaces in late 19th century China. In 1914, the unicipal Council (Jingdu Shizhenggongsuo) remained in charge of the city�셲 public works and shared administrative responsibilities with the Police Board (Jingshi Jingchating). However, the Municipal Council and the Police Board could not advance beyond a rudimentary level of space administration. The spatialization of modern medicine was later tried by John B. Grant (1890-1962) and Huang Zi-fang (1899-1940), professors in the department of preventive medicine of the Peking Union Medical College in the 1920s. Grant and Huang calculated disease through the classification of diseases, life statistics, and the cause of death, and they reorganized urban space through the health district office (Weishengqu Shiwusuo). They established the first health district office in the Inner 1st District in 1925, which took charge of life statistics, health education, environmental health, and administration of childbirth, death, and infectious disease. As a result, the 1st Inner District experienced population growth, the decrease of infant mortality, the strength of body administration, and improvement in health. Beijing (Nothern Capital in Chinese) was called Beiping (Northern Peace in Chinese) from 1368 to 1403, from 1928 to 1937, and from 1945 to 1949, when the Chinese capital was at Nanjing, or �쏶outhern Capital��. The Beiping municipality (1928-1937) supported the health district office for space reorganization, starting in 1928. Dr. Huang Zi-fang was appointed the first director of the health bureau under the Beiping municipality. He practiced his plan of State Medicine (Yixue Guojiahua), focusing on the health district office. The second health district office was established in the 2nd Inner District in 1933, the third in the 3rd Inner District in 1934, and the fourth in the 4th Inner District in 1935. The health administration of the health district office represented the spatialization of modern medicine. The office mobilized medical doctors, nurses, midwives, statistics inspectors, health patrollers, and social welfare workers, and such innovation led to the improvement of health and hygiene in the Inner District of Beiping. After the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the health district office was no longer expanding to the Outer District. The Japanese occupation authorities kept the existing office and remodeled the Commoner Hospital (Pingmin Yiyuan) as the health district office in the Suburban District. Traditional and folk medicine wielded strong influence over the Outer District, where western medicine was insignificant, relatively speaking. The 5th Outer District especially symbolized Commoner Culture, represented by the Tianqiao District. Tianqiao was the main commercial district in Beijing and had various facilities, such as medical surgeries, restaurants, and performance and entertainment spaces. Tianqiao became the big capital and had much manual industry, theater, and street performance; there was traditionalism in Beijing and locality in provincials. The Beijing municipality that focused on the Municipal Hospital (Shimin Yiyuan) included Western and Chinese medicine in Tianqiao. However, drug selling was the most popular occupation in Tianqiao. Sellers performed street shows and sold cheap and safe drugs to common people. Shamans, pyromancers, drug sellers, and folk medicine men had great power in the Outer District of Beijing. Space control in modern medicine in Beijing was focused in the health demonstration office, which started and developed from the mid-1920s. While the Inner District was expanded into modern medicine, the Outer District experienced the rupture of and resistance to modern medicine in the 1930s and 1940s. The overall control of urban space, including the Inner, Outer, and Suburban Districts, focused on health centers, which were realized after the New China of 1949. ; open

This dissertation examines the relationships between popular culture, cities, and gendered social discourses, with a focus on contemporary Korean television dramas. Existing studies about Korean dramas have relied upon economic and cultural analysis to, in effect, celebrate their vibrant export to overseas markets and identify why they are popular in other East Asian countries. This study expands the scope into spatial and social realms by examining cities' drama-sponsorship and drama-driven social activities. Deploying popular culture as an analytical category directly shaping and transforming material, urban and social conditions, I argue that the cultural industry of Korean television dramas not only functions as its own, dynamic economic sector, but also constitutes urban processes and social discourses of contemporary South Korea. Drawing upon interdisciplinary methods including ethnography and content analysis, I examine Korean television dramas from the multiple vantage points of producers, audience, storytelling, and city-sponsorship, and elucidate why and how these four arenas are deeply intertwined. Their mutual entanglement, in turn, requires us to see Korean television dramas as more than just commercial entertainment; they become a medium through which we can contemplate labor conditions in the cultural industry, the political economies of development in regional cities, and gender politics in Korea. I argue that the popularity of Korean dramas across Asia has turned the drama industry into an extremely speculative field into which numerous producers jump and gamble for the highly elusive mega-hit. Individual chapters address the ways in which the speculative nature of the industry has conditioned and shaped (1) the "last-minute, live production," a collection of practices designed to reduce labor costs by minimizing filming dates, thus leading to extreme labor exploitation of workers, (2) active interactions between production and consumption as live production allows for the revision of ongoing narratives in response to viewer reactions to previous episodes, with the effects of encouraging consumers' extensive discussions about dramas and even allowing female viewers produce their own virtual, social, and physical spaces, (3) addictive storytelling of dramas in order to quickly grab attention and retain viewer loyalty in the context of fierce competition for higher viewer ratings, and (4) city-sponsorship in which producers benefit from the drama-sets and funding that cities provide, while cities capitalize the affective representation of place in TV dramas that create an emotional connection between audience and place. My dissertation makes the following theoretical contributions. First, by illuminating the ways in which the story-making in TV dramas and the place-making of cities intersect and mutually configure one another, the dissertation extends the literature on culture and space. One does not merely adopt the other; rather, both can be intertwined so that they are produced and consumed together. Second, the dissertation contributes to literature on urban development by showing that urban strategies can be tied up with the affective side of popular culture, not merely engaging in raw competitions to attract and capital and industries. Third, the dissertation bridges and elucidates the connections and interplay between production, consumption, and storytelling in television dramas--all of which are aspects that have conventionally been treated separately. Fourth, the dissertation contributes to literature on media capitalism through its examination of supply-driven, small-sized independent producers and their speculative nature as they engage in spontaneous, improvised practices of drama-making. Fifth, by demonstrating that Korean dramas have driven their female fans to initiate various drama-themed social activities beyond spaces of gendered confinement, the dissertation broadens the scope of literature on gender and popular culture. Here, my dissertation contests the notion that popular culture naturalizes and reinforces gender division, showing instead possibilities for popular culture to alter gender politics. And finally, taking into account political economic and urban/economic geographic approaches, the dissertation enriches the literature on the Korean Wave, extending textual and cultural analyses and connecting them to industrial and spatial analyses.

Latar belakang Penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimanakah karakteristik waktu luang (leisure) anak jalanan? (2) Aspek internal apakah yang mempengaruhi aktivitas waktu luang (leisure) anak jalanan? (3) Aspek eksternal apakah yang mempengaruhi aktivitas waktu luang (leisure) anak jalanan? (4) Bagaimanakah pemaknaan aktivitas waktu luang bagi anak jalanan?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik waktu luang (leisure) anak jalanan, (2) Untuk mendeskripsikan aspek internal yang mempengaruhi aktivitas waktu luang (leisure) anak jalanan, (3) Untuk mendeskripsikan aspek eksternal yang mempengaruhi aktivitas waktu luang (leisure) anak jalanan, (4) Untuk mendeskripsikan pemaknaan aktivitas waktu luang (leisure) bagi anak jalanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu di Sekitar Simpang Lima Kota Semarang. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah lima anak jalanan yang berusia 13-17 Tahun. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil wawancara dari subjek penelitian. Selain itu juga sumber tertulis berupa hasil catatan observasi dan arsip dari Yayasan Setara. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data penelitian ini adalah dengan triangulasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini pegumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelima anak jalanan di sekitar simpang lima melakukan kegiatan aktivitas waktu luang dengan berbagai kegiatan pengetahuan serta kegiatan untuk beristirahat atau hiburan. Aspek internal yang mempengaruhi meliputi: pendapatan, usia, jenis kelamin, serta pendidikan. Aspek eksternal yang berpengaruh meliputi: faktor lingkungan, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, serta faktor pemberdayaan dari pihak yayasan. pemaknaan dari aktivitas waktu luang bagi anak jalanan adalah waktu untuk menghibur diri serta waktu yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan. Berdasarkan simpulan di atas, peneliti menyarankan bahwa anak jalanan selalu diberikan pendampingan, berbagai jenis kegiatan yang bermanfaat untuk mengisi waktu luangnya dan peran orangtua agar selalu memperhatikan anaknya, serta peran yayasan atau pemerintah dalam meningkatkan perannya sebagai lembaga yang memberikan pelayanan untuk masyarakat tersisih atau kurang beruntung.rivalry.The background of this study were (1) What is the characteristic time (leisure) street children? (2) whether the internal aspects affecting leisure activity (leisure) street children? (3) whether the external aspect that affects the activity of free time (leisure) street children? (4) What is the meaning of free time activities for street children?. The purpose of this study was (1) to identify the characteristics of free time (leisure) street children, (2) To describe the internal aspects affecting leisure activity (leisure) street children (3) To describe the external aspects that affect leisure activity (leisure ) street children, (4) To describe the meaning of leisure activity (leisure) for street children. This study used a qualitative approach. What this research is on Neighborhood of Semarang Simpang Lima. Subjects in this study were five street children aged 13-17 years. Sources of data in this study is the result of the interview subjects. In addition, a written source in the form of the results of observation and archival records of the Foundation Equals. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, observation and documentation. The validity of this research is the triangulation. Analysis of the data in this study pegumpulan data, data reduction, verification or presentation of the data and drawing conclusions. The results showed the five street children around the intersection of five activities leisure activity with a variety of activities and events for the rest of knowledge or entertainment. Internal aspects that affect include: income, age, gender, and education. Influential external aspects include: environmental factors, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, as well as the empowerment factor of the foundation. meaning of leisure activities for street children is the time to entertain yourself and time spent to acquire knowledge. Based on the above conclusions, the researchers suggest that street children are always given assistance, the various types of activities that are beneficial to fill his spare time and always pay attention to the role of parents to their children, and the role of foundations or the government in enhancing its role as an agency that provides services for marginalized or disadvantaged communities .

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제학과(국제협력전공), 2012. 2. 박세일. ; Literature, which is often perceived as inaccurate, irrelevant, and unrealistic stories in the discipline of domestic and international political economy, is said to have contributed to national development in the 18th and 19th century England during its rapid economic growth and social changes. England, in its initial stages of capitalist development suffered high inequalities between the upper middle class and the working poor. The working class was generally uneducated, uncivilized, and living under severely limited conditions. Heavily influenced by Greek philosophies and Renaissance humanism, early modern British elite class began to believe in equal value of humans and their potentials; and initiated humanitarian reforms to improve the states of the working class. These reforms, in a sense, may not have been entirely humanitarian as it was also strongly motivated by deep fear that the working class would disrupt the social stability of England with resentments of their plights. Many governmental policies, and private donations were channeled to establish educational institutes to provide educational opportunities and diffuse safe and sound middle class values for the poor and with these help, literacy and educational level of the working class gradually increased. What made this humanitarian reforms especially more successful was the working class' own pursuit of respectability, their own committed will to climb up the social ladder and become a middle class gentleman. Although initially, in a sense, education was offered for the poor in the hope of maintaining social stability and current social structure, higher literacy and increased educational venues were powerful enough to gradually shift the fundamental social, economic, and political structures of modern England. One of the most dramatic aspects of the educational change that took among the working class was their access to literature. Thanks to higher literacy rate, advancement of prinking technology, and literary philanthropically activities literature slowly became crucial 'mass entertainment,' mass communication and mass culture of the working class was that contributed to intellectual, moral, economic, and political improvement of the nation. The social standing of literary texts was equivalent of television, films, and the internet of the 21st century, and the working class devoured literature as their solace and enjoyment. The entertaining value of literature was what made intellectual, moral, economic, and political improvement of the working class more easily accessible and national improvement possible. ; 18-19세기 근대 영국은 급성장하는 경제와 급변하는 사회의 많은 혼란 속에 있었다. 근대화 초기, 땅을 소유하고 있는 젠트리 계급과 무역으로 부를 축척하고 있는 신흥 부자들은 성장하는 영국의 혜택을 누리고 있었지만 그에 반에 많은 노동자 계급들은 경제적으로 사회적으로나 매우 열악한 삶을 살고 있었다. 16-17세기 르네상스 인본주의에 영향의 인문 교육을 받은 영국 엘리트들은 서서히 인간의 평등한 가치와 가능성에 대해 보다 열린 생각을 갖게 되었고 노동자 계급의 교육과 생활의 발전을 위한 여러 정치적 제도와 자선적 기부를 늘리게 된다. 그들의 이러한 사회적 책임의식은 교육을 받지 못하고 힘겨운 삶을 살고 있는 노동자 계급의 반란이나 폭력에 대한 깊은 두려움에서 비롯된 사회 지배에 한 방법이라고 비난을 받기도 하지만 노동자 계급에게 보다 넓은 인문 교육 기회 보급과 그로 인한 영국의 많은 사회적, 경제적, 정치적 변화를 일으키게 된 점에서 의의가 있다고 하겠다. 보다 높아진 읽고 쓰는 능력과 인쇄 기술의 발달로 노동자 계급은 배움을 보다 가깝게 실천할 수 있었고 특히 대중적 문학 읽기는 대중 문화이자 대중의 인문 교육의 도구로 쓰이게 되었다. 문학을 읽기는 독자로 하여금 근대 발전의 필요한 지적, 도덕적 발전을 도모할 수 있게 하였고 문학에서 그려진 영국 근대인들의 성공과 사회상 묘사를 통해 근대 자본주의의 변화에 대한 이해와 그에 필요한 경제 시스템, 경제적 도덕 가치의 이해를 영국 구석 곳곳에 전하는 데에도 유용하게 쓰이게 되었다. 대중 잡지와 신문의 문학 연재 칼럼은 노동자 계급이 문학을 보다 저렴하고 쉽게 읽을 수 있도록 하였고 정치적 뉴스와 토론 기사를 더 손쉽게 접하게 되었다. 문학 읽기에 즐거움은 사회 전반에 드리워진 어두운 사회 문제들을 부담 없이 접근하고 고민할 수 있는 장을 마련해 주었고 문학의 사실주의와 대중화는 노동자계급의 목소리를 문학의 주체로 높이고 그로 인해 노동자들의 현실이나 사회 소외된 자들의 문제를 더욱 조명하는데 기여하게 되었다. ; Master

The introduction of online connectivity and a hard drive has changed how console games can be marketed and sold, as it is now possible to patch, update, and publish more content after the game is released. Downloadable add-on content (DLC) is the latest, and still evolving, formatting strategy in the long line of entertainment industry franchising practices. A digital attachment to the physical game copy, DLC is used to guide players to networked service relationships and to uphold these services, while prolonging players' time with the game through offering more content. Because of its smaller size, DLC is quickly developed and can be used to mitigate financial risk, to bridge the gaps between bigger franchise installments, and to better answer the needs of the fragmented niche markets. In this thesis the benefits and ramifications of DLC, both for the gaming industry and to the player community, are examined. I ask how DLC, as a marketing practice, affects the play and the surrounding culture of console games. More specifically, in what ways does the DLC model affect the ways console games are marketed, and, in what ways does the player community respond to these marketing strategies? The thesis approaches the DLC model through a case study of the skateboarding game Skate 3. The methodological approach consists of a three-fold media industry analysis focusing on 1) cultural production and political economy analysis, 2) cultural texts, and 3) the reception and effects of those texts. These layers are then used as lenses to dissect the respective areas of the DLC model utilized in the case game Skate 3. Tying into each other in surprising depth, the production, distribution, and the textual form of DLC are examined through critical political economy analysis, whereas the player reception is opened by secondary data analysis of user discussions on the gaming forum NeoGAF and on the official Skate blog. Visible within the DLC system is the fact how marketing imperatives have shaped the form of the digital game to better answer their needs. Through leveraging the fragmented form of DLC, options open for controlling both the competition and the player population. As games can be used again after consumption, it is in the interests of the gaming companies to artificially limit this second-hand access to them. DLC provides a solution to this, as it is bound to the first buyer and cannot be sold forward. To get the "full experience", second-hand users, too, must pay. Thus DLC can be used for exploiting the power its production structure has over individual. Players are enticed to buy more expensive new game copies, coaxed into service relationships, and leveraged towards other franchises. A central method is to utilize DLC's fragmented form and use DLC packs for rewarding players when they conform to the marketing plan. The ramifications of the new digital economy come as a surprise to many users. DLC divides the play experience into several pieces, denying the player the "whole experience" unless she buys all the DLC packs. Player groups are forced to buy the same DLC packs to play the same content. As many users still do not have the ability to play or pay online, the online components create haves and have-nots. Players are also forced to gather information about the model on the Internet and left to wonder whether or not DLC even works in certain situations. For many players DLC spoils the customer experience by accruing additional costs over time, making players feel they are charged for content they have already paid for, and by selling a service that simply seizes to function over time. The publisher Electronic Arts contradicts itself by, on the one hand giving an implied promise of a service relationship and basing Skate 3 forcefully on online components, and on the other hand letting its game servers and customer support deteriorate, abruptly disbanding its game service once it seizes to be profitable. Asiasanat: Console Games, Game Industry, Digital Distribution, Downloadable Add-on Content, Player Studies

This thesis explores contemporary modes of video activism for a radical politics of the Left. It offers an analytical contribution to media and communication that promotes an understanding of radical online video as modes of political engagement in contemporary online environments. By focusing on YouTube as one of the most prevalent spaces in which radical video is screened and experienced today, the platform is considered emblematic of an ongoing reorganisation of political space and mediated modes of political engagement in contemporary liberal democracies. As an empirical entry point, YouTube provides a window onto examining the radical video practices emerging in relation to three recent political mobilisations in Europe: 1. The European Social Forum in Malmoe in 2008 2. The alternative COP15 climate summit in Copenhagen in 2009 3. The G20 counter-summit in London in 2009 As three distinct, yet related protest events, these cases provide significant examples of the broad social movement mobilisations that over the past decade have sought to render the consequences of neoliberal politics and governance a visible social problem, and put Left alternatives on the political and public agenda. Through six articles based on the three case studies, this compilation thesis examines the dualities and tensions that characterise video activism on this political vector today. It describes and highlights the texts and contexts of video activism, in a time when the longstanding tradition of working with the power of the image in political portrayal and argument is increasingly reallocated to the mechanisms of social networking and corporate control in contemporary online environments. Part I of this thesis sets the scene by establishing the terrain of the research. As an initial analytical effort, this chapter proposes a typology for understanding radical online video as 'political mash-up genres', emerging in the context of an increasingly complex set of media practices and circuits across intertwined and hybrid communication networks. This chapter further extends the terms of analysis by offering an account of the history of video activism and suggests how an analysis of historical modes of video activism may help contextualise and understand social movement media practices today. The six empirical articles account for Part II of the thesis. Each on its own terms, the articles offer empirical contributions that promote an understanding of the various ways 'the political' is on display and radical politics are being forged on YouTube. In a dual vein of analytical enquiry, the articles examine radical online video as a range of media forms for political argument and portrayal and interrogate the possibilities and constraints offered by the 'architecture of participation' on YouTube to the specific groups and struggles represented in the three case studies. In doing so, the articles identify and analyse a set of tensions and dualities that characterise the ways in which individual and collective actors engage in radical video practice, through media forms that straddle the discursive registers of fact and fiction, art and document, information and entertainment, politics and popular culture. Together, the articles give shape to a range of social movement media practices across a historical, technological, political and aesthetic-discursive range. In the concluding considerations of Part III, I return to the issue of historical contexts to illustrate how close comparative attention to historical modes of video activism can help us understand the complexities and contingencies of online video recruited for radical politics today. The analysis exhibits how contemporary modes of video activism are characterised by practices in which the old and the new, the past and the present, clearly overlap. While we may recognise the incentives and dynamics behind contemporary video activism as well known to the trajectory of Left thinking and action, these insights are suggestive of how such media practices are re-organised and refocused in keeping with the emergence of new means of, and arenas for, political engagement.

Over the past two decades, scholars have paid particular attention to the growth of global sex tourism, a trade marked by convergence between the global and local production and consumption of sexual services. In the increasingly global economy, the movement of people and capital around the world creates new segments of sex work, with diverse groups of consumers and providers. This dissertation examines the dialectical link between intimacy and political economy. I examine how changes in the global economy structure relations of intimacy between clients and sex workers; and how intimacy can be a vital form of currency that shapes economic and political relations. I trace new economies of sex and intimacy in Vietnam by moving from daily worlds of sex work in Ho Chi Minh City [HCMC] to incorporate a more structural and historical analysis. Drawing on 15 months of ethnography (2009-2010) working as a bartender and hostess I analyze four different bars that cater to wealthy local Vietnamese men and their Asian business partners, overseas Vietnamese men living in the diaspora, Western expatriates, and Western budget travelers. Drawing on 180 informal interviews with 90 clients and 90 sex workers across four niche markets of HCMC's sex industry, my dissertation incorporates three levels of analysis.I show how contemporary processes of globalization re-stratify an already stratified sex industry in HCMC, as well as how the industry is a vital player in the generation of business. Vietnam's opening to foreign direct investment since Doi Moi in 1986 has created a domestic super-élite, connected to the levers of political power, who channel incoming foreign capital to specific projects in real estate and manufacturing. For this super-élite, conspicuous consumption provides both a lexicon of distinction and a means of communicating hospitality to potential investors from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and other East Asian countries -- and, using a different symbolic vocabulary, to Western investors. A new, ultra-high-end tier of sex workers has emerged in tandem with the emergence of this new group of clients. These sex workers only succeed to the extent that they can deploy the right vocabularies of consumption and sexuality in an elaborate symbolic dance tailored to the needs of individual capital deals. They are valued not only for their beauty, but also for their ability to help their clients project masculinity, deference, and collegiality in the specific context of entertaining foreign investors: they must also be able to modify this performance for East Asian clients as well as white clients. As a result, racialized desires, social status, business success, and hope for upward mobility are all played out in the bars of HCMC. The same is true in the middle and lower tiers of the industry, but in radically different ways. In short, HCMC's sex industry is not just a microcosm of the global economy, but also a vector shaping financial globalization itself. I examine how sex workers, male clients, bar owners, mommies (formally known as madams), and the police all work to create and maintain certain types of raced and gendered hierarchies according to the niche in which they are involved. I also focus on the practices of everyday life in the bars and examine how men and women construct their relations with each other, which lead to different kinds of intimate and emotional relationships that sometimes allow women to experience mobility, but at other times are self-destructive. Sex work, I argue, provides a unique lens through which to examine not only how transformations in the global economy reshape intimate life but also how the emotional intimacy (and not merely sex) provided by sex workers serves as an important currency in transnational business deals. Comparing four niche markets within HCMC's sex industry, I found that local Vietnamese men and their Asian business partners participate in business-related entertainment while Western expatriates, in contrast, participate in HCMC's sex industry for recreational purposes outside of work. Racialized desires, status, business success, and hope for upward mobility are all played out in the bars of HCMC, where dreams and deals are traded. This sex industry is not just a microcosm of the global economy; it also helps fuel its growth.

AbstractThe Provincial Cemeteries of Naga ed-Deir:A Comprehensive Study of Tomb ModelsDating from the Late Old Kingdom to the Late Middle KingdomByKarin Roberta KroenkeDoctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern StudiesUniversity of California, BerkeleyDr. Carol Redmount, ChairIn her 1989 study of ancient Egyptian tomb models and related material, Angela Tooley noted that, although models are known to have originated in northern Upper Egypt between the sites of Naga ed-Deir and Rifeh, few models from the region are actually published. In her analysis she was able to include only eight models excavated from the Naga ed-Deir cemeteries, which were documented in a few unpublished excavation photographs. As a result, not only were Tooley's specific findings on the Naga ed-Deir model corpus limited, but some of her general conclusions regarding the chronological and regional developments of tomb model types were problematic. The collection of tomb models from Naga ed-Deir is significant because it is extensive, it spans the major phases of model production from the late Old Kingdom to the late Middle Kingdom, and it is well documented. The tomb models were recovered during the excavations lead by George A. Reisner under the auspices of the Hearst Egyptian Expedition and the joint Harvard University/Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Expedition between 1901 and 1924. Tomb models were found in 62 documented tombs and other, unrecorded contexts. The entire known corpus of models from Naga ed-Deir is included in the present study: 25 single statuettes, 15 scenes and 553 fragments of single, paired and grouped compositions. The majority of the models occur in Tooley's established core repertoire: boats, people carrying supplies, granaries and kitchens. Other less common categories of models not in Tooley's core group are entertainment, craft production, military combat, priests and overseers. Most of the models are today housed in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley; additional material is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. The goals of this dissertation were twofold: first, to produce a detailed analysis of the tomb models in each phase of production represented at Naga ed-Deir; and second, to compare this material with Tooley's chronological scheme for Egypt as a whole and her identification of regional patterns for Upper Egypt, in order to determine how Naga ed-Deir conformed to, or differed from, her identified trends. I studied the archaeological context of the Naga ed-Deir models, noting patterns in tomb distribution, grave types and tomb inscriptions, as well as the quality and range of the associated burial goods. In addition, I noted trends in the disposition of the models within the tombs. My study revealed patterns in social status and gender of ownership, typology, forms, materials, production techniques, artistic styles, qualities and quantities for the models. I analyzed changes in these patterns over time to illustrate the evolution of the tomb model corpus at this site. In my comparisons of the Naga ed-Deir data with Tooley's findings, I observed many similarities in the social ranks and genders of model owners. While some model disposition patterns at Naga ed-Deir are comparable to Tooley's findings, there also seem to be differences in model placement and orientation. Since my analysis was based on limited data, however, the results cannot be more conclusive. In my investigation of the models themselves, I found some aspects of the Naga ed-Deir corpus to be comparable to those from other sites, and others to be unique to Naga ed-Deir. In particular, it is the prevalence of a variety of late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period model types that makes the tomb model repertoire from this provincial site so significant. My examination of the extensive and well-documented Naga ed-Deir tomb model corpus is significant because it fills a void in our knowledge of tomb model corpora in the northern region of Upper Egypt. My findings reinforce some of Tooley's general conclusions regarding the chronological development of model production throughout Egypt and the regional patterning that occurs within Upper Egypt, and contradict others.