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Contents: 1. Unravelling the nexus between entrepreneurship, neighbourhoods and communities - Introduction / Reinout Kleinhans, Darja Reuschke, Maarten van Ham, Colin Mason and Stephen Syrett -- Part I - Neighbourhoods as economic places and enterprise cultures -- 2. Entrepreneurship and deprived urban areas: Understanding activity and the hidden enterprise culture / Nick Williams and Colin Williams -- 3. Dynamics in local inter-firm cooperation in Dutch residential neighbourhoods / Marianne de Beer and Veronique Schutjens -- 4. Solopreneurs and the rise of co-working in the Netherlands / Erik Stam and Vareska van de Vrande -- 5. A typology of localized spaces of collaborative innovation / Ignasi Capdevila -- 6. Women in charge: social capital of female entrepreneurs in the neighbourhood and beyond / Beate Volker -- 7. Gendered networks and spatial arrangements of informal entrepreneurial activities in a Detroit neighbourhood / Jenny Lendrum and Sarah Swider -- Part II Community enterprise, civic economy and neighbourhood regeneration -- 8. Conceptual foundations: community-based enterprise and community development / Ana María Peredo and James J. Chrisman -- 9. On economic democracy in community development / Evan Casper-Futterman and James DeFilippis -- 10. The potential of community entrepreneurship for neighbourhood revitalization in the United Kingdom and the United States / David Varady, Reinout Kleinhans and Maarten van Ham -- 11. The contribution of community enterprise to British urban regeneration in a period of state retrenchment / Nick Bailey -- 12. Co-production or counter-production? The struggle of Dutch community enterprises with local institutions / Reinout Kleinhans -- 13. Citizenship as enterprise. The transformation of Amsterdam community centres into community enterprises / Emiel Rijshouwer and Justus Uitermark -- Part III Conclusions -- 14. Understanding entrepreneurship in residential neighbourhoods and communities of place / Darja Reuschke, Reinout Kleinhans, Maarten van Ham, Colin Mason and Stephen Syrett -- Index

In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have a very low coverage, resulting in large scale water pollution and the use of very poor quality water for crop irrigation especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater. This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization. The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on 'making wastewater an asset'.

The present literary work is developed in the Middle Age, with the goal of developing an analysis of the historical facts of China, specifically in the Tang dynasty from the year 618 to the year 907, which is a period of unification, rise and flourish in the territory. Through a peasant estate fictional male character, where we intend to reveal his daily life, like it's room, family, occupation, diet, among other elements; at the same time, the collective mentalities according to aspects of religion and their perception of the political, social and economic system. In addition, we take into account the microhistory of populations that were traditionally omitted, as it is the low social class, we put in evidence the discrimination, oppression, inequality, exams system, hierarchies, the role of the man and woman, marriage, commerce, urban development, love, among other characteristics of the era. ; La presente obra literaria se desarrolla en la Edad Media, con el objetivo de realizar un análisis de los hechos históricos de China, específicamente en la dinastía Tang del año 618 al año 907, el cual es un periodo de unificación, auge y florecimiento en el territorio, por medio de un personaje de ficción de sexo masculino de estamento campesino, en donde se pretende evidenciar la vida cotidiana, como lo es la habitación, familia, ocupación, alimentación, entre otros elementos; a su vez, las mentalidades colectivas según aspectos de la religión y su percepción del sistema político, social y económico. Además, se toma en cuenta la microhistoria de las poblaciones tradicionalmente omitidas, como lo es la clase social baja, se evidencia la discriminación, opresión, desigualdades, el sistema de exámenes, jerarquías, el papel del hombre y de la mujer, matrimonios, el comercio, el desarrollo urbano, el amor, entre otras características de la época.

In Spain the legal age to buy alcohol is 18 years. However, official surveys show that minors perceive alcohol availability to be easy. This paper describes the impacts of a community-based intervention to increase vendors' compliance with age limits regarding alcohol sales in supermarkets. The aim of this study was to explore the association between implementation of a multicomponent intervention to reduce adolescents' alcohol use and sale of alcohol to minors in the city of Palma (Spain). Twenty trained adolescents (14-17 years old) conducted 138 alcohol test purchases in nine supermarket chains in August 2018 (baseline; n = 73) prior to the intervention, and again in January 2020 (follow-up; n = 65). Analysis was conducted according to three levels of intervention implemented across the supermarkets: (i) personnel from the supermarkets' Human Resources or Corporate Social Responsibility teams received alcohol service training as trainers (i.e., community mobilization); (ii) managers and vendors training by the capacitated trainers; and (iii) no training of managers or vendors (i.e., control group). In the supermarkets that completed the Training of Trainers and the vendors' training program, average sales decreased significantly from 76.9% in 2018 to 45.5% in 2020, asking for the age of the shopper significantly increased from 3.8% to 45.4%, and asking for proof of age significantly increased from 15.4% to 72.7%. Additionally, a statistically significant increase was observed in the visibility of prohibition to sell alcohol to minors' signs, from 61.5% to 100%. No statistically significant differences were found for the Training of Trainers intervention alone nor in the control group. In conclusion, community mobilization combined with staff training is associated with significant increases in supermarket vendors' compliance with alcohol legislation in Spain.

In 'Region A', like in many other regions and countries, diabetes is a prevalent condition affecting one in twenty people. Type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing in 'Region A', and currently accounts for about 87% of the cases in total. Diabetes has been recognized as an exemplar long term condition, both in terms of the growing number of people with type 2 diabetes, and in terms of the serious and expensive complications it can bring to the sufferers. Maintaining and improving the quality of diabetes services, according to the 'Region A's government, against the backdrop of increase in patient numbers and the increased pressure on the health and care services is one of the key challenges. Those involved in diabetes care include the individual, the carer, broader social groups, and public services at multiple levels. However, as with many condition groups, flow of information and decision making is often disjointed with poor communications between these players. The digital health and care innovation centre organised a multidisciplinary and inter-sectoral ecosystem event to explore the potential opportunities for better management of diabetes with a person centred approach. This event resulted in a call for innovation into digital solutions for managing diabetes. Seven project proposals were accepted by the Innovation Centre for further development. These seven projects offered partial solutions for the management of diabetes. As a result of the analysis of these projects, a comprehensive conceptual framework for connected health and care for the management of diabetes, has been developed. This conceptual framework has the potential to be applied to any other chronic care condition or multi conditions.

Prologue -- 1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg's Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.

In this paper we propose to address and problematize some aspects of the decolonial option of the argentine semiologist Walter Mignolo. Specifically, we are interested in investigating the articulation of two central categories of his thought; "colonial difference" and "geopolitics of knowledge" and how give rise to a politics of identity. To deepen this problematization, and as the main contribution of the writing, we propose to rebuild the notion partage du sensible of Jacques Rancière in order to see if it is possible and what implications would think coloniality in this terms. We argue that drawing this conceptual link will allow us to elucidate why Mignolo's theoretical device, by stabilizing a relationship between way of being, place and thought, reproduces a certain colonial logic and can also suggest us to think decolonization without an identity imprint. To explore this last point, we will briefly return to the way in which Rancière thinks about the processes of political subjectivation in order to put him in dialogue with a specific decolonial practice: the appropriation of the principles of the French Revolution than by black slaves in the Haiti independence. ; En el presente trabajo proponemos abordar y problematizar algunos aspectos de la "opción decolonial" propuesta por Walter Mignolo. Específicamente nos interesa indagar cómo la articulación de dos categorías centrales de su pensamiento, "diferencia colonial" y "geopolítica del conocimiento", da lugar a una política decolonial con una fuerte impronta identitaria que busca des-prenderse de todo legado moderno. Para profundizar esta problematización, y como principal aporte del escrito, proponemos retomar la noción de "reparto de lo sensible" (partage du sensible) del filósofo argelino-francés Jacques Rancière para ver si es posible y qué implicancias tendría pensar la colonialidad desde esta perspectiva. Trazar este vínculo conceptual nos permitirá elucidar por qué el dispositivo teórico de Mignolo, al estabilizar una relación entre modo de ser, ...

Discussing the European Union's (EU) vision of the best ways to promote respect for and acceptance of the fundamental human rights of the Roma minority is an extremely complex task. The Roma, widely referred to as Gypsies, currently represent the biggest and most marginalized ethnic group spread across the European continent. As Europe's most vulnerable minority, the Roma have increasingly been denied various rights, demonstrated by the fact that they are entrenched in poverty, have poorer health conditions and are excluded from many aspects of society. This situation is particularly apparent in Romania as a result of the second, if not third-class, categorization attributed to Roma citizens. Of notable concern is the lack of access to quality educational opportunities, especially in an education system which is relatively discriminatory. The "Decade of Roma Inclusion" is an unprecedented effort established by the EU in 2005 aimed at closing the gap between living conditions and to combat discrimination between the Roma and non-Roma, in an effort to break the cycle of social exclusion and poverty. Simultaneously endorsed by Romania, the program focuses on four main areas: health care, employment, housing and education. In spite of the good intentions of the program, this research shows that there have been minimal impacts on improving educational standards in Romania, with Roma children continually facing large constraints and barriers in accessing quality education. The general but not exhaustive presentation developed here includes the Romanian Ministry of Education's contributions in achieving the Decade's targets, and underlines the complex set of instruments and mechanisms created and developed by the EU in the human rights sectors during the last decade. It presents a comprehensive diagnostic of the conditions that Roma students face in the Romanian education system and an overview of policies and institutions available to promote Roma inclusion. By including qualitative and quantitative evidence, it will reveal that greater effort is required from Romanian institutions to ensure respect for the social inclusion of Roma students in the education system. This paper aims to offer some guiding elements to other researchers for a better understanding of the EU's position and vision in eliminating social exclusion and discrimination of the Roma population and of future directions, targets and priorities in this field.

In the XXI century socio-political communications as well as the functions of leader have underwent profound changes. In the middle of the second decade of the XXI century a communication system in educational and social policies has changed from a slow one-sided process having quite information character for the most part to a poly-variative communication that has caused some social deviations and conflicts in the conditions of multipolarity of an education sector and personal development. Ongoing changes in the sphere of higher education in the context of globalization to a greater or lesser extent have affected educational institutions of all Eurasian countries. These changes in their turn are the grounds for the educational market creation in planetary terms. Along with its traditional functions education today is the market also. And such is the market structure of communications that in the conditions of increasing competition between higher education institutions in search of students the educational market players must overcome language, mental, national, cultural, historical and pedagogical divides. While mass media has being developed the citizens have got much more opportunities to keep tabs on politicians' actions so long as mass media have been included in competition for event interpretations. In some states the fight began in the middle of the XX century, others have yet to experience. During the information era each deal of politicians potentially becomes an object to be discussed many segments of population. And the Internet sphere already discusses assignment of the new Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in a variety of aspects. The construction of professional identity in the conditions of globalization is characterized, on the one hand, by isolation, distancing from other national and ethnic, social groups, searches for collective national Self, on the other hand, by inclusion of a resource of identity as a prize in competition for positions in the globalizing world (Council of Federations ., 2016). In the conditions of social and economic update of Russia there is the significant increase of intensity and proneness to conflict in all spheres of social activity, including in the education system. The conflict is caused by economic, political, ideological, cultural and other factors of public life. Identity in the context of globalization is a process of differentiation, fragmentarization, complementarity of systemic and subjective factors. The complexity of the identification process of identity of a teacher consists in the multidimensionality of identity criteria, actualization of political, social, cultural and symbolical capitals. Cross-cultural conflicts, being a natural show of the urgent contradictions in education, have an essential impact on activity of educational systems, the quality of their operation and development in time. There is here a bruising matter in the form of a conflict of interests of higher education national systems (first of all, their cultural aspect) and interests of transnational educational corporations (an economic aspect). The goal of this research is to prove the need for the personality to be developed in the context of globalization and to offer certain practical ways of its construction in the conditions of university education. Transcultural competence of the personality as a peculiar navigation system allows the individual, being in the supercultural space, to overcome the subjectivity of estimate of friend and foe with their distinctions, to hold each of them and to take up an individual position in a dialogue of cultures. The paper has presented the results of the approbation of teaching methods directed on the construction of transcultural competence of the personality.

The development of the processes of Informatization and digitalization leads to the formation of new interdisciplinary scientific directions that affect both the dynamics of social development and the correction of the direction of scientific research. At the same time, digital transformations of society often outstrip the processes of transformation of science, forcing science to constantly improve both technologies and applied software tools. The article considers using methods of extraction, research and presentation of contextual knowledge in the study of the development of the terminological base of developing interdisciplinary research areas on the example of the direction "Social and ethical aspects of the digital economy: gamification in the social, scientific and educational spheres" in the context of the development of urban information space. The main aspects of using gamification technologies in urban development are revealed. The article presents the dynamics of changes in the subject of publications and draws conclusions about the development of these areas in the Russian scientific discourse and its compliance with world trends. The main term-concepts involved in the formation of the thesauri of the interdisciplinary research direction "Social and ethical aspects of the digital economy: gamification in the social, scientific and educational spheres" are also identified. The research was carried out on the basis of information extracted from various digital sources, including scientific publications-collections of Russian-language (ELibrary) and English-language scientific publications (Scopus, ScienceDirect) and the content of social and political discourse (media) over the past 10 years. The authors applied the scientific method of automated extraction and explication of contextual knowledge (synthetic method) from the array of information resources of textual modality. An approach to the presentation and uses of the results as a machine-readable thesaurus as a set of identified terms is also proposed. Russian-language libraries ELibrary and T-Libra, multilingual environment Voyant-Tools are used as search and data analysis tools. An information system based on Open Journal Systems is used to present the thesauri. ; Развитие процессов информатизации и цифровизации приводит к формированию новых междисциплинарных научных направлений, влияющих как на динамику как общественного развития, так и на коррекцию направленности научных исследований. При этом цифровые трансформации общества часто опережают процессы трансформации науки, заставляя науку постоянно совершенствовать как технологии, так и применяемый программный инструментарий. В статье рассмотрено применение методов извлечения, исследования и представления контекстного знания при изучении развития терминологической базы развивающихся междисциплинарных направлений исследований на примере направления «Социально-этические аспекты цифровой экономики: геймификация в социальной и научно-образовательной сферах» в контексте развития городского информационного пространства. Выявлены основные аспекты применения технологий геймификации в городском развитии. В статье приведена динамика изменений тематики публикаций и сделаны выводы о развитии рассматриваемых направлений в российском научном дискурсе и его соответствии мировым тенденциям. Также выявлены основные термин-концепты, участвующие в формировании тезауруса междисциплинарного направления исследований «Социально-этические аспекты цифровой экономики: геймификация в социальной и научно-образовательной сферах». Исследование проводилось на массивах информации, полученных из различных цифровых источников, включающих научные публикации – коллекции русскоязычных (eLibrary) и англоязычных научных публикаций (Scopus, ScienceDirect) и содержание общественно-политического дискурса (СМИ) за последние 10 лет. В исследовании применена разработанная авторами научная методика автоматизированного извлечения и экспликации контекстного знания (синтетический метод) из массива информационных ресурсов текстовой модальности. Также предложен подход к представлению и использованию полученных результатов в качестве машиночитаемого тезауруса как набора выявленных терминов). В качестве инструментов поиска и анализа данных используются русскоязычные библиотеки eLibrary и T-Libra, многоязычная среда Voyant-Tools. Для представления тезауруса используется информационная система, построенная на базе Open Journal Systems.

El presente artículo, hace un análisis de los aspectos a tener en cuenta para una planeación del desarrollo de la subregión sur-oriental del departamento Norte de Santander. Se coloca de mani esto que la idea del Desarrollo Territorial se con gura a partir del desarrollo humano de sus pobladores y el conocimiento sobre el territorio. Por ende el desarrollo subregional, no podría ser la suma agregada de planes de desarrollo de los municipios que la integran, sino un ejercicio conjunto de autoridades, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, academia e iglesia entre otros; pensando, conversando en cómo desarrollar las acciones estratégicas, que les permitan con gurarse como subregión a partir de un propósito e idea común. Para lo anterior, el artículo sugiere el fortalecimiento de la asociatividad en dos sentidos gubernamental y de las organizaciones sociales. Gubernamental entre las diferentes administraciones municipales para jalonar proyectos comunes de infraestructura vial y de ecoturismo y entre las organizaciones sociales sobre todo de productores en los renglones hortifruticolas. De igual manera el artículo hace un análisis de los aspectos fronterizos de la subregión, en donde se visibilizan los escollos que limitan el desarrollo del territorio fronterizo. ; This paper attempts to analyze the aspects to be considered for development planning in the southeastern North Santander Department subregion. It emphasizes that the idea of territorial development is modeled on human development of its people and the knowledge of the territory. Therefore, sub-regional development could not be the total sum of development plans of municipalities that compose it, but a joint exercise of authorities, civil society organizations, academia and the church among others; thinking, talking on how to develop strategic actions, enabling them to set up a common purpose and idea as sub-region. Therefore, the article suggests that strengthening of the associativity in both ways: governmental and social organizations. Associativity between governmental organizations, especially the municipal administrations, is necessary to advance common road infrastructure projects and ecotourism. And,associativity is also necessary among social organizations, especially in the fruit and vegetable producers. Similarly, the article analyzes the border issued of the sub-region, where the pitfalls that restrain the development of the territory at the border are visible. ; Cet article présente une analyse des aspects importants pour une plani cation du développement de la sousrégion sud-est du département Norte de Santander. Il met en évidence que l'idée du Développement Territorial s'établit à partir du développement humain de sa population et de la connaissance du territoire. À cause de cela, le développement subrégional ne peut être la addition des plans de développement des municipalités que la sousrégion comprend, mais un exercice conjoint des autorités, des organisations de la société civile, de l'académie et de l'Église, qui pensent et dialoguent sur la façon de développer les actions stratégiques leur permettant d'être con gurés en sous-région à partir d'un but et d'une idée commune. L'article suggère le renforcement du partenariat en deux sens : gouvernemental et des organisations sociales. Gouvernemental entre les différentes administrations municipales à  n de favoriser des projets communs de l'infrastructure routière et de l'écotourisme, et entre les organisations sociales notamment des producteurs de fruits et de légumes. De la même façon, l'article expose l'analyse des aspects frontaliers de la sous-région, en rendant visibles les dif cultés qui limitent le développement du territoire frontalier. ; 31-42 ; jmatajira@hotmail.com ; semestral

The Colombian social dynamics in the last decade has had as one of its peculiarities the increase of the migrant population of Venezuelan origin. The political, social and economic causes of this phenomenon of transnational human mobility, the way in which some of the public policies of the Colombian State have been oriented towards guaranteeing the fundamental right to education of children and adolescents who are part of this population, the facilities or difficulties of access that they have to the district educational system in the city of Bogotá (specifically in the locality of Bosa - Colegio Débora Arango), the circumstances they face in a new educational and social environment far from their homeland and the appreciations that other members of the educational community have in this regard, are the aspects that are addressed in the text and through which both their problems, opportunities and expectations on Colombian soil are described, as well as the way in which the provisions that the National Government and the district authorities have taken to guarantee are materialized or not, in this case, the fundamental right to education of minors from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. ; La dinámica social colombiana en la última década ha tenido como una de sus particularidades el incremento de la población migrante de origen venezolano. Las causas políticas, sociales y económicas de este fenómeno de movilidad humana transnacional, la manera en que algunas de las políticas públicas del Estado colombiano se han orientado garantizar el derecho fundamental a la educación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes que hacen parte de esta población. Las facilidades o dificultades de acceso que éstos tienen al sistema educativo distrital en la ciudad de Bogotá (específicamente en la localidad de Bosa – Colegio Débora Arango), las circunstancias que enfrentan en un nuevo entorno educativo y social lejano a su patria de origen y las apreciaciones que al respecto tienen los demás integrantes de la comunidad educativa, son los aspectos que se abordan en el texto y por medio de los cuales se describe tanto su problemática, oportunidades y expectativas en suelo colombiano, así como la manera en que se materializan o no las disposiciones que el Gobierno Nacional y las autoridades distritales han tomado para garantizar, en este caso, el derecho fundamental a la educación de los menores de edad provenientes de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela.