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Die Ideologie des Neoliberalismus hat nicht nur die globale Wirtschaft fast vollständig assimiliert, sie hat auch Einzug in viele weitere Bereiche des menschlichen Lebens, die da wären u.a. Kultur, Gesundheits- und Bildungswesen sowie Politik, gefunden. Das menschliche Denken wird durch diese Ideologie geprägt und sie verleitet den Menschen zu Gier, kurzfristiges Planen, Abkehr von moralischen Prinzipien, übertriebene Konkurrenz usw. Neben den durchaus vorhandenen positiven Aspekten dieser Wirtschaftsform (Wohlstand, Freiheit, Effizienzsteigerung etc.), finden sich auch verhängnisvolle Entwicklungen, welche in dieser Arbeit erläutert werden. Folgende Themengebiete lassen sich in der Arbeit finden: 1) Was ist Kapitalismus? 2) Welche Einflüsse hat Ökonomie und was sollte sie eigentliche verkörpern? 3) Die Entwicklung des Geldsystems, 4) Entstehung von Geld, 5) Verhängnisvolle Entwicklungen des Geldsystems (Gelderschaffung ?aus dem Nichts?, Inflation, Geld hat keinen Gegenwert [wie z.B. Gold] mehr), 6) Das Bankensystem inklusive der Probleme der Finanzlandschaft (Kreditausweitung, Zins- und Zinseszins), 7) Ursachen der Weltwirtschaftskrise, 8)Berichte aus der Bankenwelt, 9) Spekulation mit Lebensmittelpreisen, 10) Willkür der Ratingagenturen, 11) Erläuterung der Situation in Europa (Schulden, Arbeitslosigkeit, Währungsproblematik mit dem Euro), 12) Der ESM-Vertrag und sein totalitärer Beigeschmack, 13) Ethische Analyse mit Hilfe des Gerechtigkeitsbegriffes (Verteilungs-, Tauschgerechtigkeit, korrektive, politische und soziale Gerechtigkeit), 14) Entstehung einer Postdemokratie und Möglichkeiten eines Wandels (Corporate Social Responsibility, Zivilcourage bzw. Zivilgesellschaft). ; First of all the master thesis reflects about positive and negative aspects of neoliberalism. The author discusses following topics: 1) What?s capitalism? 2) How does the economy influence our way of life and how is economy meant to be? 3) Evolution of the moneysystem, 4) Negative aspects of the moneysystem, 5) Bankingsystem and its problems, 6) Cause of the economic crisis, 7) Immoral speculations, 8) Arbitrariness of rating agencies, 9) Situation of europe and its crisis, 10) ESM, 11) Ethical analyses about the concept of ?justice?, 12) Emergence of ?postdemocracy?, 13) Eventual solutions such as corporate social responsibility, civil and moral courage. ; von Christian Blasge ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2013 ; (VLID)226521

El presente documento ofrece un panorama sobre algunos antecedentes, estructura, desarrollo y limitaciones de la formación inicial y continuada de profesores de Matemáticas en Colombia. De manera particular, se mencionan algunos aspectos sobre cómo la formación de los profesores de Matemáticas ha sufrido ciertas transformaciones producto de las dinámicas políticas, sociales y, en algunos casos, académicas; así mismo se describen las actuales líneas de formación tanto a nivel inicial como posgraduada. Finalmente se mencionan algunas organizaciones y redes en Educación Matemática y se relata cómo ellas se articulan a algunos espacios para la formación de maestros en el área de matemáticas; de igual manera, se proponen para la discusión algunas consideraciones sobre la necesidad de futuros desarrollos en formación de profesores de Matemáticas que redunden en trabajos más colectivos y que apunten a un sistema nacional de formación de profesores de Matemáticas. ; This document offers an overview of certain aspects about the structure, development, precedent and limitations of the initial and continued training of mathematics teachers in Colombia. In particular, we mention some aspects about the transformations that the training of mathematics teachers has suffered as a product of political, social and academic policies. Additionally we describe the current training guidelines at the pre- and post-graduate level. Finally we comment on how some of the networks and organizations in mathematical education articulate with instances related to the training of teachers in the field of mathematics. Similarly, we discuss about the need for future developments in the training of mathematics teachers which should result in collective efforts aimed towards the creation of a national training system of mathematics teachers.

Resumen: En el presente estudio consideramos los diversos aspectos de la crisis que vivió el reino de Navarra en 1234, a la muerte del rey Sancho VII, sin herederos directos legítimos. Centramos el análisis en los siguientes aspectos: 1) la decisión real de un acuerdo de prohijamiento mutuo con el rey de Aragón y la voluntad de los señores del reino de hacer prevalecer la sucesión legítima en defensa de la integridad y soberanía del reino; 2) la valoración del desarrollo experimentado en el condado de Champaña y su presencia en el reino de Francia; 3) la entronización de Teobaldo I en el reino de Navarra y el estudio de los aspectos significativos de su acción de gobierno desarrollada en los campos: legislativo, administrativo y social. ; Abstract: This study deals with the different aspects of the crisis undergone by the Navarra kingdom in 1234 on the death of king Sancho VII who did not have direct legitimate heirs. The analysis has been centered on the following topics: 1) the royal decisión of an agreement of mutual adoption with the king of Aragon and the willingness of the lords of the kingdom to have the legitimate successión prevail in defense of the integrity and sovereignty of the realm; 2) the appraisal of the development carried out in the county of Champaña and its presence in the French kingdom; 3) the enthronement of Teobaldo I in the kingdom of Navarra and the study of the significant aspects of his governmental action in the following fields: legislative, administrative and social.

The Romanian economy is passing an economic recession period induced both by the persistence of the global financial crisis and the alarming evolution of the budget deficit and the consequences of the austerity measures upon the economic environment. In the actual conditions, Romania's external creditors ascertain and impose certain limits for the budget expenses, necessary for a financially stable economy. The imposed limitation or self-limitation of the expenses for a 6 months sacrifice period, that could reach one year or longer, does not guarantee the economic re-bounce when the measurements for the strategic attenuation of the crisis, for the creation of a sustainable and competitive economy, are inexistent. Certain long term strategic aspects to which the external creditors, especially the IMF do not pay enough attention, but that can assure the sustainability and competitiveness belong to the internal component of the business environment and climate, to the ways to fight corruption, bureaucracy, tax evasion or they assure legislative predictability in order to support a transparent and competitive environment and the development of a new managerial culture. Others belong to the manner in which we will manage to assure national solidarity through justice, social or medical assistance or the influence of the politic aspect on the economy, on the administration in the other spheres of the social and economic life. These depend mostly on how the political sphere will manage to reform itself. Others belong to the educational reformation and the growth of the educational services suppliers' capacity or to the research to sustain the companies' competitiveness.

ABSTRACTDuring the last few decades, globalization of finance markets has come under increasing pressure to manage the many risks that companies face due to the negative impact that certain financial crises have had on securities quoted on the stock exchange. Simultaneously, there is a growing tendency among different institutional investors to take into account nonfinancial aspects—social, environmental, and ethical values—of company management. In this respect, increasing numbers of asset managers are aware of the importance of nonfinancial aspects of company management for finance markets. Asset managers integrate corporate social responsibility, sustainability policies and corporate governance strategies as indicators in risk management and the search for long‐term investments. The largest segment of socially responsible investment (SRI) screened and mutual funds are portfolios that are privately managed on behalf of institutions. Socially responsible investors include private and public pension funds, mutual funds, and private accounts that are managed on behalf of institutional investors such as corporations, universities, hospitals, religious institutions, and nonprofit organizations, among others. The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of SRI‐screened management corporate pension plans in the Spanish finance market. Spain is one of the European countries with a less developed SRI institutional market. Since SRI is still at the fledgling stage in the Spanish institutional market, this analysis is restricted to the awareness of SRI among a sample of the total number of corporate pension funds or schemes in Spain. The paper concludes with some proposals to encourage wider SRI acceptance and practice in Spain.

The article analyses application of new Lithuanian regional policy to future Lithuanian regions according to official documents, regional statistical data calculations and analysis. The scientific research problem of the article deals with the following problematic questions: 1) what are the aspects of application of new Lithuanian regional policy for future Lithuanian regions?; 2) What are the groups of regional development indicators, economic and social groups, which could be used to forecast perspectives of Lithuanian regional policy and to ground future regional policy of the Republic of Lithuania? The aim of the research is by using scientific methods to investigate situation of future regions in the Republic of Lithuania and to ground possibilities of regional development dealing with social and economic development, to adapt innovative experience of the European Union and other countries. Scientific literature analysis, documents' content analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis of research data, calculations of percentage changes have been used in the article. There have been discussed the aspects of the EU regional policy dealing with innovations, use of structural funds and focus on principles of sustainable development. Two charts illustrating complex process of the EU regional policy related to national regional policy in the Republic of Lithuania have been given. Activities of Regional Committee have been discussed and related to activities of Šiauliai county representatives. The situation of the Lithuanian regional policy from 1994 to 2009 has been analyzed. The new reform of counties' dissolution and creation of new Lithuanian regions has been discussed according to the decrees of the Government of Lithuania, laws of Lithuania, and ideas of Lithuanian politicians. [.]

The article analyses application of new Lithuanian regional policy to future Lithuanian regions according to official documents, regional statistical data calculations and analysis. The scientific research problem of the article deals with the following problematic questions: 1) what are the aspects of application of new Lithuanian regional policy for future Lithuanian regions?; 2) What are the groups of regional development indicators, economic and social groups, which could be used to forecast perspectives of Lithuanian regional policy and to ground future regional policy of the Republic of Lithuania? The aim of the research is by using scientific methods to investigate situation of future regions in the Republic of Lithuania and to ground possibilities of regional development dealing with social and economic development, to adapt innovative experience of the European Union and other countries. Scientific literature analysis, documents' content analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis of research data, calculations of percentage changes have been used in the article. There have been discussed the aspects of the EU regional policy dealing with innovations, use of structural funds and focus on principles of sustainable development. Two charts illustrating complex process of the EU regional policy related to national regional policy in the Republic of Lithuania have been given. Activities of Regional Committee have been discussed and related to activities of Šiauliai county representatives. The situation of the Lithuanian regional policy from 1994 to 2009 has been analyzed. The new reform of counties' dissolution and creation of new Lithuanian regions has been discussed according to the decrees of the Government of Lithuania, laws of Lithuania, and ideas of Lithuanian politicians. [.]

This paper deals with the analysis of the utilitarian model of the explanation of popular support for Croatian entry into the European Union. The utilitarian model for explicating support or lack of support for accession to the EU has been analysed through subjective principled expectations of benefits and harms of entry into the Union at a personal and at a national level, and through concrete expectations at the level of twenty-two aspects of social and economic life. The research results show that on the basis of principled expectations it is possible precisely to predict support for entry into the EU, but that the principled expectations are not to any very great extent founded on concrete expectations in the observed aspects of social and economic life, and that they are to a certain degree linked with political viewpoints. On the other hand, concrete expectations are relatively weakly correlated with support for Croatian entry into the EU. Such a result suggests the conclusion that on the basis of a utilitarian explanation of support it is possible only relatively poorly to predict viewpoints concerning joining the EU, and that principled expectations of benefits and harms are in good part an expression of general impressions about the EU, trust in the political elite and political views of Croatian citizens, and to a lesser extent realistic rational calculations of harms and benefits. The paper is based on empirical survey of the views and spectations performed on a probabilistic national sample of a thousand citizens older than 15.

«La nieve arder» analyses the zarzuela Acis y Galatea, with music by José de Literes on a libretto by Antonio de Cañizares, in the context of the Petrarchan-inherited aesthetics. It focuses on the rhetorical aspects expressed both in text and music, strongly influenced by the Aristotelian tradition, and re-interpreted in several textual and musical treatises: Robortello, Herrera, Lope de Vega and, within a musical context, those by Zarlino, Caccini, Galilei, Kircher, Bermudo and Nasarre, amongst others. This article also takes into account the historical aspects relevant for the first performances of Literes and Cañizares' zarzuela, as well as the social and political circumstances which influenced the introduction of the Italian dramma per música in 17th century Spain. ; «La nieve arder» analiza la zarzuela Acis y Galatea, con música de José de Literes sobre un libreto de Antonio de Cañizares, en el contexto de la estética barroca de tradición petrarquista. El análisis parte de una descripción de los aspectos retórico-afectivos expresados tanto en el texto como en la música, pertenecientes en su mayoría a la tradición aristotélica reinterpretada en los días del humanismo renacentista en numerosos tratados de retórica y poética (Robortello, Herrera, López Pinciano, Lope de Vega) y de música (Zarlino, Kircher, Galilei, Caccini o, en España, Bermudo y Nasarre). El artículo toma en cuenta aspectos históricos que resultaron relevantes para las primeras interpretaciones de la obra, además de las circunstancias sociales y políticas que influyeron en la introducción del dramma per música de procedencia italiana en la España del siglo XVII.

AbstractIn this paper we present a solution to the problem of pricing guarantees of minimum returns on pension fund contributions. These guarantees exist by law in a number of countries and their use is increasing as a result of a worldwide trend toward privatizing social security and pension fund management. The solutions are based on a discrete martingale approach. We show that the common type of guarantee on contributions to pension funds is equivalent to an option to exchange. Using a discrete martingale framework and a binomial solution, we develop all aspects of this model necessary for its practical application in the context of the pension fund guarantees. Binomial formulas are obtained for two forms of guarantees, one without and one with a ceiling.RésuméCet article présente une solution au problème d'évaluation de la garantie d'un rendement minimum qui fait partie des conditions de certains régimes de rentes. De telles garanties sont légalement obligatoires dans certains pays, mais leur utilisation va en augmentant suite à la tendance mondiale vers la privatisation de la ges‐tion des caisses de retraite et des caisses de sécurité sociale. L'article utilise une technique de martingale en temps discret pour montrer que le type de garantie le plus répandu équivaut à une "option d'échange". De plus, en adoptant une solution binomiale dans le cadre de la martingale en temps discret on développe tous les aspects du modèle d'évaluation de la garantie néces‐saires pour sa mise en application auprès des régimes de rente. Les formules binomiales obtenues s'appliquent à des garanties avec ou sans plafond.

This paper examines the FN in the current French party system. It looks at the extent to which 'de-demonization' has changed the party's strategic and programmatic profile. We ask whether these changes have affected the status of the party across three main aspects as political outsider, niche and radical party, and consider the internal and external stimuli for party modernization. We conclude that, despite the moderation of its rhetoric and the softer packaging of its policies, the FN has not yet shed its populist radical right profile, and that de-demonization is primarily a vote-maximizing strategy. De-demonization is increasingly putting the cordon sanitaire under pressure however, creating new competitive opportunities for the FN.

This paper examines the FN in the current French party system. It looks at the extent to which 'de-demonization' has changed the party's strategic and programmatic profile. We ask whether these changes have affected the status of the party across three main aspects as political outsider, niche and radical party, and consider the internal and external stimuli for party modernization. We conclude that, despite the moderation of its rhetoric and the softer packaging of its policies, the FN has not yet shed its populist radical right profile, and that de-demonization is primarily a vote-maximizing strategy. De-demonization is increasingly putting the cordon sanitaire under pressure however, creating new competitive opportunities for the FN.

This paper examines the FN in the current French party system. It looks at the extent to which 'de-demonization' has changed the party's strategic and programmatic profile. We ask whether these changes have affected the status of the party across three main aspects as political outsider, niche and radical party, and consider the internal and external stimuli for party modernization. We conclude that, despite the moderation of its rhetoric and the softer packaging of its policies, the FN has not yet shed its populist radical right profile, and that de-demonization is primarily a vote-maximizing strategy. De-demonization is increasingly putting the cordon sanitaire under pressure however, creating new competitive opportunities for the FN.

This paper examines the FN in the current French party system. It looks at the extent to which 'de-demonization' has changed the party's strategic and programmatic profile. We ask whether these changes have affected the status of the party across three main aspects as political outsider, niche and radical party, and consider the internal and external stimuli for party modernization. We conclude that, despite the moderation of its rhetoric and the softer packaging of its policies, the FN has not yet shed its populist radical right profile, and that de-demonization is primarily a vote-maximizing strategy. De-demonization is increasingly putting the cordon sanitaire under pressure however, creating new competitive opportunities for the FN.