Suchergebnisse

If the humanitarian conventions accord special guarantees to medical personnel of the armed forces in the interest itself of its mission on behalf of wounded and sick military, why should we, members of civil defence, who carry out similar tasks for civilian victims of hostilities, not benefit as well from a privileged status and especially from a distinctive sign?This is a wish often expressed by representatives of civil defence organizations, particularly when they are of a non-military character. This same question was thoroughly examined by a group of experts convened in June 1961 by the ICRC, and whose task it was to study the position of civil defence organizations in international law

"October 2005." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Introduction -- Pt.1. The changing nature of the threat to national security -- Ch.1. Customary law: the relationship between law and the use of force -- Ch.2. The minimum world order system -- Pt.2. Lesser conflict -- Ch.3. Humanitarian intervention -- Ch.4. Defense of U.S. nationals: intervention in Panama -- Ch.5. Response to international terrorism -- Pt.3. Major conflict -- Ch.6. Operation Desert Storm -- Ch.7. Operation Iraqi Freedom -- Pt.4. U.S. policy for peace operations -- Ch.8. The development of criteria for peace operations -- Ch.9. The role of regional organizations in peace-enforcement operations -- Pt.5. Challenges for the twenty-first century -- Ch.10. Defense of critical infrastructure: computer network defense -- Ch.11. Attacks on foreign infrastructure that pose a threat to the United States: computer network attack -- Observations and conclusions. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Adobe Acrobat reader and World Wide Web access required.

Presidential mission. —Mr. Alexandre Hay, President of the ICRC, visited South Africa from 19 to 26 April, in the company of Mr. Frank Schmidt, Delegate General for Africa. On 21 April, Mr. Hay met Mr. John Vorster, Prime Minister, Mr. R. F. Botha, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. J. Kruger, Minister of Justice, Mr. P. W. Botha, Minister of Defence, and Mr. S. van der Merwe, Minister of Health. The talks dealt mainly with humanitarian problems in southern African and in particular with the subject of detention. In this connection, the ICRC, which visits sentenced political detainees, expressed the wish to extend such visits to other categories of detainees, especially those arrested under the "Terrorism Act" and the "General Law Amendment Act".

In contemporary times, heads of state, motivated by emergency or crises situations, have frequently resorted to a legal and political regime in order to obtain extraordinary powers that allow them to maintain the statu quo; this through creating and imposing anormative, economic, tax and social order of "abnormality" this constitutionally figure regulated in almost all the States of this hemisphere, has a remote ancestor "Republic Rome" and a historical advance worthy of consideration to understand the dimensions of the concept The state of exception cannot be see only from the political and contemporary angle, rather, It must be seen in context and in light of International Humanitarian Law, which is ultimately the system that nourishes it, gives it shape and limits. The case of Ecuador, and almost central issue in this text, is particularly striking, then, in its recent history (13 years) it has lived more than a hundred states of siege without any control and that despite having a structured regulation scheme should be reviewed in order to better understand the complexity of the concept and its consequences. ; En la época contemporánea, los jefes de Estado, motivados por situaciones de emergencia o crisis, han recurrido con frecuencia a un régimen jurídico y político con el fin de obtener facultades extraordinarias que les permitan mantener el statu quo; esto a través de crear e imponer un orden normativo, económico, tributario y social de "anormalidad". Esa figura, regulada constitucionalmente en casi todos los Estados de este hemisferio, tiene un ancestro remoto, la Roma republicana, y un avance histórico digno de considerarse para entender las dimensiones del concepto. El estado de excepción no puede verse únicamente desde el ángulo político y contemporáneo, más bien, debe ser visto en contexto y a la luz del derecho internacional humanitario que, en últimas, es el sistema que lo nutre, le da forma y límites. El caso de Ecuador, cuestión casi central en este texto, resulta particularmente llamativo, pues, en su historia reciente (13 años) ha vivido más de un centenar de estados de sitio sin control alguno y, a pesar de contar con un esquema de regulación estructurado, debe ser revisado en aras de entender mejor la complejidad del concepto y sus consecuencias. ; Nos tempos contemporâneos, os chefes de estado, motivados por situações ou crises de emergência, recorrem frequentemente a um regime jurídico e político para obter poderes extraordinários que lhes permitem manter o statu quo; isso através da criação e imposição de uma ordem normativa, econômica, tributária e social de "anormalidade". Essa figura regulada constitucionalmente em quase todos os estados deste hemisfério possui um ancestral remoto "Roma republicana" e um avanço histórico digno de consideração para entender as dimensões do conceito. O estado de exceção não pode ser visto apenas do ponto de vista político e contemporâneo, mas deve ser visto no contexto e à luz do Direito Internacional Humanitário, que é o sistema que o nutre, em última análise, lhe dá forma e limites. O caso do Equador, uma questão quase central neste texto, é particularmente marcante, pois, em sua história recente (13 anos), mais de cem estados de sítio viveram sem controle e que, apesar de ter um esquema regulatório Estruturado deve ser revisado para entender melhor a complexidade do conceito e suas conseqüências.

Examines the potential security role of the UN as outlined in the report of UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, "An agenda for peace." Humanitarian intervention, preventive deployment, and peace enforcement units.

Abstract
The detention of children of Islamic State within Kurdish-controlled camps in Syria presents a complex dilemma for national authorities and the international community. Although a small number of states have repatriated their nationals, overall, little progress has been made and thousands of children continue to languish in deplorable conditions. Resolution has been urged from both humanitarian and international security perspectives, but Western states, in particular, have sought to avoid responsibility, often using legal mechanisms to impede repatriation efforts. This article asks whether international legal frameworks can provide a route to resolution. It argues that by centralizing the international law and policy on children's rights, repatriation becomes the priority rather than domestic political and security objectives. Conceptual light is shed on the ways in which international human rights law standards can be mobilized for the protection of conflict-affected children as individual rights holders.

The armed conflicts which are causing bloodshed in a number of regions of the world have led special emphasis to be laid on one of the fundamental problems of humanitarian action in times of war: how to ensure respect for emblems providing protection for the victims of violence and for those who come to their assistance.

During a short stay in Geneva, the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Mr. Julius K. Nyerere, visited, on 3 October, the International Committee of the Red Cross. He was welcomed by ths ICRC President, Mr. Alexandre Hay, and senior ICRC officials and during the meeting the Tanzanian president discussed various humanitarian matters.

The International Committee of the Red Cross needs worldwide financial assistance if it is to continue and increase its humanitarian activities in Lebanon. For the next four months it needs 21 million Swiss francs. To raise this amount the ICRC has launched an urgent appeal to governments and Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

Last month the International Review published an article on the tasks which the ICRC has undertaken during the past few months in the Yemen. The conflict in that country having been prolonged, the needs of the humanitarian action are consequently increasing. We now recall the various phases of the ICRC's intervention, in particular since November 1963.

Sexual violence or rape in armed conflict has been a widespread & persistent practice for ages. International humanitarian laws, eg, the Geneva Convention & their Additional Protocols, seek to end the impunity of assailants & prosecute rape as a war crime, but experiences in the former Yugoslavia & Rwanda show that improvements are needed. The protection of women against rape by offering them refugee status has been debated among UN members; the case of Kosovo is described. M. Pflum

AbstractThe 'protection of civilians' mandate in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations fulfils a critical role in realising broader protection objectives, which have in recent years become an important focus of international relations and international law. The concepts of the 'protection of civilians' constructed by the humanitarian, human rights and peacekeeping communities have evolved somewhat separately, resulting in disparate understandings of the associated normative bases, substance and responsibilities. If UN peacekeepers are to effectively provide physical protection to civilians under threat of violence, it is necessary to untangle this conceptual and normative confusion. The practical expectations of the use of force to protect civilians must be clear, and an overarching framework is needed to facilitate the spectrum of actors working in a complementary way towards the common objectives of the broader protection agenda.

Justice, legitimacy, and human rights / Victoria Davion and Clark Wolf, eds. -- Taking the human out of human rights / Rex Martin and David A. Reidy, eds. -- Equality and human rights -- Human rights and the legitimacy of the international legal order -- Legitimacy -- The legitimacy of global governance institutions / Robert O. Keohane, second author -- The legitimacy of international law / Samantha Besson and John Tasioulas, eds. -- Democracy and the commitment to international law -- Constitutional democracy and international law : are they compatible? / Russell Powell, second author -- The internal legitimacy of humanitarian intervention -- Beyond the national interest / Martha Nussbaum, ed -- Institutionalizing the just war -- Justifying preventive war / Henry Shue and David Rodin, eds. -- From Nuremburg to Kosovo : the morality of illegal international legal reform