Suchergebnisse

В статье проводится методологический анализ взглядов, существующих в современной философии, на понимание техники и технологии. Раскрываются социально-философские аспекты в природе механизмов взаимодействия науки и техники с деятельностью руководства государством. Благодаря такому взаимодействию становится возможным активное использование научно-технического потенциала для модернизации общества в целом. ; The paper presents a methodological analysis of the ideas of technique and technology in modern philosophy. Social and philosophical aspects within the realm of interrelation between science and technology on the one hand and governmental activities on the other hand are revealed in the paper. Such kind of interrelation makes it possible to more actively use scientific

In a recent article in Political Studies, Mark Wenman advances a critique of Paul Hirst's theory of associative democracy. In response, we argue that Wenman overstates the importance of G. D. H. Cole in the formation of Hirst's theory, that he therefore misrepresents important aspects of Hirst's argument, and that, as it stands, his own theory of 'agonistic pluralism' is less the 'alternative' he claims than an observation about the ineradicability of social conflict that Hirst would have regarded as true, but sought to move beyond in thinking about how a viable pluralism could be politically constructed and sustained in modern societies. Adapted from the source document.

This article examines the relevance of the concept of autopoiesis for public participation in spatial planning. The concept of autopoiesis within social science, as advanced by Niklas Luhmann (1995) argues for a systemic, consistent and sophisticated theory of society based on a systems view, as opposed to more familiar action-based theories (for instance as in the case of the Habermasian tradition). By examining the relevance of the concept for public participation in spatial planning, this article highlights specific aspects of public participation that draw attention to dimensions of planning that are not currently explicitly highlighted within mainstream discourses in planning.1

Teenage sexual activity and pregnancy are aspects of a perceived health crisis among youth in the United Kingdom. One suggested `solution' to this `problem' is grounded in a belief that participation in sport may delay sexual activity and reduce teenage pregnancies. This study examines the validity of this specific proposal, and the surrounding rhetoric of risk, which justify increased surveillance of young people and may have implications for their emergent adult identity. The article suggests that there is a lack of convincing evidence for a clear relationship between sport and sexual activity, and questions the social construction of `youth' which frames these recommendations.

English
In the last decade many Argentine enterprises became bankrupt, inspiring thousands of workers to take them over and resume production by forming cooperatives. In 2004, the Programme for Self-Managed Work became the instrument by which the government 'institutionalised' the takeovers, depoliticising the radical aspects of workers' actions in exchange for financial and technical assistance in pursuit of workers' objectives of job preservation and self-managed work. This article presents results from (1) an ongoing ESRC research project on 'The Movement of the Unemployed in Argentina'(RES-155-25-0007), NGPA Programme, LSE and (2) previous research on social mobilisation and policy change in Argentina (2002–03).

AbstractArchive-based regional studies can contribute much that is new to the economic, political and social history of the Second World War. This paper considers the process of industrial mobilisation in Northern Ireland, a politically divided region which was part of the United Kingdom but which had its own government. It examines the changing administrative framework of war production, the debate on military and industrial conscription, the role of women and the economic implications of geographical remoteness from London. The paper adds to our limited knowledge of regional mobilisation and contributes to a neglected aspect of the history of Northern Ireland.

This paper analyzes how participation in microcredit program helps to reduce the fertility rate. By using the data from the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, the paper also examines whether the accomplished empowerment of the microcredit borrower remains limited only to economic activities or also reflected in their non-economic activities. The results show that the Grameen Bank transforms its participants from a passive recipient of credit to a well responsive and active agent in economic and non-economic aspects of life. This transformation sets up an encouraging context for the effective public policies for economic and social changes at a reduced transaction cost.

Abstract This paper examines cancer discourse as a case study of the social construction of biomedicine. According to medical historians, cancer has long been associated with women. During the 19th century, there were renewed efforts to classify cancerous tumours. Through an analysis of British 19th century medical literature, I explore the intersections between gender ideologies and cancer classifications. My findings indicate that historical associations between women and cancer informed early cancer classifications. In the mid‐19th century, when scientific advances challenged these models, British surgeons incorporated new aspects of prevailing gender ideologies suggesting a biomedical commitment to view cancer in gendered terms.

This article explores a hitherto neglected aspect of the contemporary Chinese communication network: media outlets at the county level, the lowest level of the media hierarchy in China. It considers whether county level media outlets constitute more autonomy from the state and thus serve as more effective channels for participation and representation. The findings suggest that although official media outlets at the county level enjoy a relatively more relaxed political environment, their institutional and structural nature, combined with the reporting systemfrom the Mao era and the strong local social network powerfully inhibit them from developing into an arena for critical debate.

As many studies have pointed out, the United States has undergone a loss of hegemony (in the Gramscian sense) despite the increase in its economic, military, and techno-scientific power over time. One of the least researched aspects of this process is the complex social impact of the techno-scientific factor on the capitalist cycle in general and on the mid-1990s concept of the New Economy based on the rise of information and communications technologies in particular. This concept, one of the main underpinnings of neoliberal global-iza'tion, was undermined by the capitalist crisis at the beginning of the new millennium.

This article explores a hitherto neglected aspect of the contemporary Chinese communication network: media outlets at the county level, the lowest level of the media hierarchy in China. It considers whether county level media outlets constitute more autonomy from the state and thus serve as more effective channels for participation and representation. The findings suggest that although official media outlets at the county level enjoy a relatively more relaxed political environment, their institutional and structural nature, combined with the reporting systemfrom the Mao era and the strong local social network powerfully inhibit them from developing into an arena for critical debate. (CIJ/GIGA)

AbstractThe paper deals with the several aspects of the history of Feminism in the Ottoman Empire. It elucidates the early stages of the formation of the Feministic ideas and tendencies in the Turkish society at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the social-political activities and the role of the Turkish women writers Halide Edib, Arife Hanım, and others. The author discusses inter alia the impact of the Armenian intellectual milieu and, especially, that of the Turkish Armenian women's literature on the inception and development of the Feministic literature in Turkey.

В статье воссоздана история одного из наименее изученных социальных явлений российского прошлого. Автором исследованы его наиболее существенные аспекты: политика царского правительства относительно института рабства, основные формы порабощения и область применения рабского труда, национальный состав рабов. Показана специфика легального рабства, в частности его ненаследственный характер. ; The author reconstructs one of the most poorly investigated social institutions in Russia's past. The author analyzes its most important aspects: the Tsarist Government's activities concerning slavery, the main forms of enslavement, sphere where slave labour was used and the national structure of slaves. The author shows specific character of legal slavery and points out that it was not hereditary.

При реформировании межбюджетных отношений необходимо исходить из Конституции Российской Федерации, в соответствии с которой Россия есть демократическое федеративное правовое государство с республиканской формой правления. ; T his paper explores aspects of inter-budgetary relations development in the RF, The author believes that reform of the budgetary system must take into account a number of trends. These are, In particular, the strengthening role of central and regional governments in regulating the economic and social development of the Russian society, as well as the consolidation of the RF budgetary system, provided regional and local governments are given broader spending and collecting powers.