Suchergebnisse

Part I. Global contemporary security trends and the Middle East. Perspectives on Middle East security: An introduction / Anders Jägerskog, Michael Schulz, and Ashok Swain ; Shifts in the global political and economic landscape and consequences for the Middle East and North Africa / Alexander Atarodi ; Conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa: An attempt at reframing / Joost R. Hiltermann ; US Middle East policy / Stephen Zunes ; External intervention in the Gulf / Matteo Legrenzi and Fred H. Lawson ; The security implications of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict / Michael Schulz ; The future of Iraq's security / Ibrahim Al-Marashi ; Security and Syria: from "the security state" to the source of multiple insecurities / Philippe Droz-Vincent ; Humanitarian aid to a Middle East in crisis / Roger Hearn ; Peacebuilding in the Middle East / Karin Aggestam and Lisa Strömbom -- Part II. Energy, resource issues and climate change as security issues in the Middle East. The water-energy-food nexus in the MENA region: Securities of the future / Martin Keulertz and Tony Allan ; The multidimensional aspect of water security in the Middle East and North Africa / Neda A. Zawahri ; Food security in the Middle East / Hussein Amery ; Climate-related security risks in the Middle East / Dan Smith and Florian Krampe ; The Nile and the Middle East: Interlinkages between two regional security complexes and their hydropolitical dynamics / Ana Elisa Cascão, Rawia Tawfik and Mark Zeitoun ; Water and security in the Middle East: Opportunities and challenges for water diplomacy / Martina Klimes and Elizabeth A. Yaari -- Part III. Migration, political economy, democratization, identity and gender issues and security in the Middle East. Large-scale population migration and insecurity in the Middle East / Ashok Swain and Jonathan Hall ; Security and political economy in the Middle East / Raymond Hinnebusch ; The governance deficit in the Middle East region / Michelle Pace ; The halting process of democratization in the Arab world: Current challenges and future prospects / Hamdy A. Hassan and Hassanein T. Ali ; Democracy and security in the post-Arab Spring Middle East / Rex Brynen ; Sunni-shiʹi relations and the Iran-Saudi security dynamic / Simon Mabon and Nic Coombs ; Muslim women and (in)security: A Palestinian paradox / Maria Holt.

Since 2013, the Middle East has experienced a double trend of chaos and civil war, on the one hand, and the return authoritarianism, on the other. That convergence has eclipsed the political transations that occurred in the countries whose regimes were toppled in 2011, as if they were merely footnotes to a narrative that naturally led from an 'Arab Spring' to an 'Arab Winter.' This volume aims at rehabilitating those transitions, by considering them as expressions of a 'revolutionary moment' whose outcome was never pre-determined, but depended on the choices of a large range of actors. It brings together leading scholars of Arab politics to adopt comparative approach to a few crucial aspects of those transitions: constitional debates, the question of transitional justice, the evolution of civil-military relations, and the role of specific actors, both domestic and international.

1 Introduction -- 2 Syrian Crisis, Syrian Refugees -- 3 The Dynamics of Population Pressure in Jordan: A Focus on Syrian Refugees -- 4 An Overview of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon and its Socio-Economic Impact -- 5 The Syrian Refugee Policy of the Jordanian Government -- 6 Analysing the Evolution of Lebanon's Syrian Refugee Policy: The Role of Foreign Policy -- 7 The Jordanian Perception of the Syrian Refugee Crisis -- 8 The Impact of the Syrian Refugee Crisis on the Lebanese Communities -- 9 The Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan: Challenges and Future Opportunities for NGOs -- 10 The Impact of the Syrian Refugee Crisis on the Lebanese NGOs and Civil Society Sector -- 11 Conclusion.

Turkmenistan is a weak country militarily, but well-­endowed with natural gas reserves. While the latter also insulates it somewhat from international criticism of its human rights abuses, unfortunately, Turkmenistan is landlocked and dependent upon the goodwill of its neighbors in order to export that commodity. Additionally, Turkmenistan is in need of technological assistance. Given its relatively homogenous population and its hydrocarbon wealth it has adopted a policy of subsidizing certain necessities—though it underfunds other—and is fairly stable internally. Nevertheless, it is ruled under an autocratic political system, suffers massive corruption, and has to contend with fears of instability on its borders. Therefore, Turkmenistan has adopted a policy of permanent neutrality and is open to cooperation with all its neighbors as well as the big powers. The countries of the Middle East as both immediate and nearby neighbors play an important part in the international relations of Turkmenistan and in providing technological assistance and economic investments. This article, which reviews and analyzes those ties, utilizes government documents, academic works and newspapers from Turkmenistan and Middle Eastern countries.