Suchergebnisse

Using case studies from a wide range of fields and historical settings, On Effective Leadership seeks to explain why some leaders are effective, many are not, and only a very few are exceptional, Using more than a dozen case studies from a wide range of fields and historical settings, On Effective Leadership seeks to explain why some leaders are effective, many are not, and only a very few are exceptional. Though leaders exhibit myriad combinations of traits and behaviors, the authors argue that four common elements drive leadership effectiveness across all domains, cultures, and eras. Three of them are skills, and the fourth is the degree of a leader's selflessness. Including implications for followers, leaders, and leadership development, this timely work promises to attract readers with an interest in history and biography, as well as in leadership

Les auteurs présentent un survol de la recherche pluridisciplinaire sur la grande vieillesse, avec ses tâtonnements, ses élaborations théoriques et ses principaux acquis. Ce domaine de recherche s'est constitué très récemment, dans la seconde moitié des années 1980, avec la prise de conscience de certaines implications de la longévité croissante, en particulier de la forte poussée démographique de la population très âgée. L'«agenda» initial de la recherche focalisait essentiellement les pathologies du grand âge et leurs implications en termes de politique de la vieillesse et de coûts de la santé. Au fil des années, la perspective s'est élargie et enrichie, l'intérêt se tournant également vers le vieillard «robuste», l'interrogation portant sur les différentes formes et trajectoires de vieillissement. Après à peine un quart de siècle, la «géographie» de la grande vieillesse comme l'étude de l'organisation de son déroulement sont assez bien balisés; la description est solide, mais l'explication demeure balbutiante. Une piste d'avenir pourrait résider dans un examen des trajectoires de vie des vieillards basé sur l'analyse combinée de données génétiques et d'informations biographiques.

Electrical power quality (PQ) data is a ubiquitous type of engineering data quantified as a set of PQ parameters, such as frequency, flicker, and harmonics, obtained from electricity transmission and distribution systems. For PQ problems detected as deviations from nominal power system behavior negatively affect the workings of governmental and industrial institutions, as well as the electronic equipment and the psychology of individual humans, several systems of varying complexities to measure and monitor PQ parameters have been developed in order to detect the problems and take the necessary countermeasures. Yet, the domain of PQ data still suffers from the lack of a common vocabulary to be shared by the involved parties. In this paper, a novel domain ontology for electrical PQ, called PQONT, is presented to fulfill this need. Relevant standards and regulations have been utilized extensively during the ontology building process. The proposed ontology also supports linguistic applications by providing a number of linguistic properties applicable to all of its concepts. This facility of the ontology is employed in a multilingual natural language based interface for PQ data collected through a nationwide PQ measurement system so that the data can be queried in a flexible way. The implementation details of the interface is presented with a couple of query examples to illustrate the contribution of the ontology to a real application. The future work includes the extension of PQONT to a more general power system ontology so that it can contribute to a wider range of applications in the power system domain. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A negotiation team is a set of agents with common and possibly also conflicting preferences that forms one of the parties of a negotiation. A negotiation team is involved in two decision making processes simultaneously, a negotiation with the opponents, and an intra-team process to decide on the moves to make in the negotiation. This article focuses on negotiation team decision making for circumstances that require unanimity of team decisions. Existing agent-based approaches only guarantee unanimity in teams negotiating in domains exclusively composed of predictable and compatible issues. This article presents a model for negotiation teams that guarantees unanimous team decisions in domains consisting of predictable and compatible, and alsounpredictable issues. Moreover, the article explores the influence of using opponent, and team member models in the proposing strategies that team members use. Experimental results show that the team benefits if team members employ Bayesian learning to model their teammates' preferences. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ; This research is partially supported by TIN2012-36586-C03-01 of the Spanish government and PROMETEOII/2013/019 of Generalitat Valenciana. Other part of this research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, applied science division of NWO and the Technology Program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs; the Pocket Negotiator Project with Grant No. VICI-Project 08075. ; Sánchez Anguix, V.; Aydogan, R.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; Jonker, C. (2014). Unanimously acceptable agreements for negotiation teams in unpredictable domains. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 13(4):243-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2014.05.002 ; S ; 243 ; 265 ; 13 ; 4

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to research the latest quantitative and qualitative transformations of money and its interaction with the market economy and societies in terms of their influence on the inner nature of money and its transformation from a simple tool to an aim per se, i.e. postmoney. Transforming the perception of the intrinsic value and "soul" of the money into the postmoney, influenced by the rising longevity and wide expectation for the ability to scientifically prolong the human life, will be discussed. This transformation will be confirmed by analysing the results from a national representative sociological survey (panel study with sample size n = 1,000).


Design/methodology/approach
The author uses the following philosophical methodological approaches – comparative-constructive, phenomenological, cognitive and deconstructive analysis.


Findings
The objective and qualitative reasons offered by the postmoney theory (PMT) for the transformation of money into postmoney, are related to the being of temporality, as well as to technologization and the sixth factor of production, scientific exponentiality and mental changes in the human being. A current postmoney survey gives a strong base to believe that the perception of an intrinsic value of postmoney changes the shape of a value function – from logarithmic to linear or even stochastic. This is the reason to believe that increasing of a postmoney quantity will lead to a qualitative transformation and psychological increase of postmoney sensitivity.


Research limitations/implications
The author intends to expand the postmoney survey on the international level so to confirm local findings.


Practical implications
Postmoney survey might be used as a powerful tool in creating and legalizing non-monistic money based on blockchain technologies and philosophical and socio-economic research of the postmoney issue.


Social implications
The future of money is of great importance for the exponentiality of the socio-economic environment and societies. Social impact of the money will be inevitably rising in the domain of postmoney perception.


Originality/value
The author of the current paper coined for the first-time notion of postmoney and now is expanding research developing PMT. As per the best knowledge of the author, shape of the curve of value function was not questioned and believes it might be of help to better understand the money phenomenon.

In this paper we present BRUPIA, a Question Answering (QA) system in a restricted domain: the web academic environment at the University of Alicante. This system is the transformation of an open domain QA system, AliQAn. This paper focuses on explaining how an open domain system can be transformed into another one that can successfully work on a web restricted domain. We analyze the problems of carrying out this task and we also develop the necessary resources for the new system like the corpora, the questions and the set of patterns in the new domain. Finally, a new strategic approach for the improvements in the use of the terminology in web domain is proposed. The measure of evaluation is the Mean Reciprocal Rank and the final result is 32,5%. ; This research has been partially funded by the Spanish Government under project CICyT number TIN2006-15265-C06-01 and by the University of Comahue under the project 04/E062. This work has been partially supported by the EU funded project QALL-ME (FP6 IST-033860).

Copyright © by Biophysical Society. Final full-text version of the paper available at: http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/90/3/903 ; When cell membranes are treated with Triton X-100 or other detergents at 4 C, a nonsolubilized fraction can often be recovered, the ''detergent-resistant membranes'', that is not found when detergent treatment takes place at 37 C. Detergentresistant membranes may be related in some cases to membrane ''rafts''. However, several basic aspects of the formation of detergent-resistant membranes are poorly understood. To answer some of the relevant questions, a simple bilayer composition that would mimic detergent-resistant membranes was required. The screening of multiple lipid compositions has shown that the binary mixture egg sphingomyelin/egg ceramide (SM/Cer) exhibits the required detergent resistance. In detergent-free membranes composed of different mixtures of SM and Cer (5–30 mol % of Cer) differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy experiments reveal the presence of discrete, Cer-enriched gel domains in a broad temperature range. In particular, at temperatures below SM phase transition ( 40 C) two gel (respectively Cer-rich and SM-rich) phases are directly observed using fluorescence microscopy. Although pure SM membranes are fully solubilized by Triton X-100 at room temperature, 5 mol % Cer is also enough to induce detergent resistance, even with a large detergent excess and lengthy equilibration times. Short-chain Cers do not give rise to detergent resistance. SM/Cer mixtures containing up to 30 mol % Cer become fully soluble at ;50 C, i.e., well above the gel-fluid transition temperature of SM. The combined results of temperaturedependent solubilization and differential scanning calorimetry reveal that SM-rich domains are preferentially solubilized over the Cer-rich ones as soon as the former melt (i.e., at ;40 C). As a consequence, at temperatures allowing only partial solubilization, the nonsolubilized residue is enriched in Cer with respect to the original bilayer composition. Fluorescence microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles at room temperature clearly shows that SM-rich domains are preferentially solubilized over the Cer-rich ones and that the latter become more rigid and extensive as a consequence of the detergent effects. These observations may be relevant to the phenomena of sphingomyelinase-dependent signaling, generation of ''raft platforms'', and detergent-resistant cell membranes. ; This work was supported in part by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (No. BFU 2004-02955 to F.M.G., and No. BMC 2002-00784 to A.A.), and the University of the Basque Country (UPV00042.310/13552 to F.M.G.). Research in the laboratory of LAB is funded by a grant from the Danish Natural Science Research Council (SNF) (21-03-0569) and the Danish National Research Foundation (which supports MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics). J.S. is a graduate student supported by the Basque government. ; Peer reviewed

Studies of children's conceptions of war, which have been carried out up to now mainly by asking for a definition of war and associating it with other notions, have found few age‐related changes after the age of 6. Considering the complexity of the concept, and its embeddedness in the political conceptual domain, which emerges at around 11 years, we expect that greater differences should emerge if children's ideas on the causes and consequences of war, and the actors involved, are carefully assessed. Semi‐structured interviews carried out with a total of 80 Italian children from 2nd to 8th grades confirmed this hypothesis. Many 2nd graders described war as a clash between collectives without structure, attributing all decisions about starting, the development of, and ending a war to the individual fighters and explaining these decisions (when they did) as due to emotions such as hatred, envy, revenge, or being tired or unwilling to fight any longer. Most 6th and 8th graders depicted war as a clash between nation‐states, attributing decisions about its starting and ending to political authorities on the basis of political and economic reasons, and the actual fighting of battles to an organized army collaborating with, or subordinate to, political authorities. Many 2nd and 4th graders also showed a mixed pattern of answers, involving both political authorities and individual fighters, thus showing that the transition from the rudimentary backward conception to the more advanced one occurs through the piecemeal addition and deletion of concepts and beliefs.

1 Introduction; Susan Dodds and Rachel A. Ankeny -- Section I Seeing the Big Picture: Democratically Defensible Policy Development in Liberal Democracies -- 2 'Big Picture' Manifesto: Democratic Policy Making in Contested Domains; Susan Dodds and Rachel A. Ankeny -- 3 Participation and Trust: Conditions and Constraints on Democratic Deliberation; Susan Dodds -- 4 Conscience Votes in Australia: Deliberation and Representation; Kerry Ross, Susan Dodds and Rachel A. Ankeny -- 5 Deliberative Processes in Practice; Cobi Smith and Gene Rowe -- Section II Regulation of Embryo Research -- 6 Policy design for Human Embryo Research in Canada: 1989-2015; Françoise Baylis and Matthew Herder -- 7 Public Engagement and Deliberation in Human Embryo Research Governance in Australia 2001-2011; Susan Dodds and Rachel A. Ankeny -- Section III Human Research Ethics Guidelines -- 8 The Tunnel at the End of the Light? Development of the Tri Council Policy Statement in Canada; Jocelyn G. Downie and Cheluchi Onyemelukwe -- 9 Human Research Ethics Guidelines in Australia; Colin Thomson, Kerry Breen and Donald Chalmers -- 10 Consultation, Deliberation and the Review of the National Statement; Eliza Goddard and Susan Dodds -- Section IV Deliberating About Emerging Health Policy -- 11 Three Approaches to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada: Lessons for Democratic Policy; Rachel A. Ankeny and Fiona J. Mackenzie -- 12 Seeking Community Views on Allocation of Scarce Resources in a Pandemic in Australia: Two Methods, Two Answers; Jackie M. Street, Helen Marshall, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, Wendy A. Rogers, Philip Ryan and the FluViews Team -- 13 Assessing Deliberative Design of Public Input on British Columbia Biobanks; Michael M. Burgess, Holly Longstaff and Kieren O'Doherty.

15th ICCRTS, International Command and Control, Research and Technology Symposium, Santa Monica, California, June 22-24, 2010 ; Maritime security is vital to US security. Enhanced Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) of potential threats in this dynamic environment can be achieved, yet requires integrated analysis from numerous sources in real time. We will present a learning agent technology that integrates structured and unstructured data and discovers behavior patterns from varied sources such as: Automatic Information Systems (AIS), Coast Guard, and police contextual information including: maritime commercial activities, weather, terrain, environmental conditions, maritime incidents, casualties, and military exercises. These discovered patterns can help correlate warnings and reduce false alarms in support of maritime security. We will show our test results from the Trident Warrior (TW08) exercise.