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In arid countries, the use of water by agriculture raises important social. economic. and moral issues. This study attempted to compare the knowledge and attitudes of agricultural secondary schools 12th graders in Israel (essentially a Mediterranean arid or semi-arid country) with those of comparable students in France, a country where water is not a central limiting factor in agriculture, concerning six aspects of the use and misuse of water by agriculture. Students were required to assess the desirability of existing situations, the possibility to change them, and the potential influence of five factors of change (scientific knowledge, government authorities, social customs, laws of economics, and the individual citizen). The Israeli students systematically put a strong emphasis on scientific knowledge and authorities. The reactions of the French students were weaker than those of the Israelis. Also, there were only two aspects in which they considered that any of the factors could have a significant influence. And finally, the individual citizen, and not scientific knowledge or authorities, was regarded by the French students to be the potentially most influential factor - actually the only one. ; peer-reviewed

A guide to the ethical questions that arise from our use of industrial robots, robot companions, self-driving cars, and other robotic devices. Does a robot have moral agency? Can it be held responsible for its actions? Do humans owe robots anything? Will robots take our jobs? These are some of the ethical and moral quandaries that we should address now, as robots and other intelligent devices become more widely used and more technically sophisticated. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, philosopher Mark Coeckelbergh does just that. He considers a variety of robotics technologies and applications-from robotic companions to military drones-and identifies the ethical implications of their use. Questions of robot ethics, he argues, are not just about robots but, crucially and importantly, are about humans as well. Coeckelbergh examines industrial robots and their potential to take over tasks from humans; "social" robots and possible risks to privacy; and robots in health care and their effect on quality of care. He considers whether a machine can be moral, or have morality built in; how we ascribe moral status; and if machines should be allowed to make decisions about life and death. When we discuss robot ethics from a philosophical angle, Coeckelbergh argues, robots can function as mirrors for reflecting on the human. Robot ethics is more than applied ethics; it is a way of doing philosophy.

Building the New Field of Bioethics -- Essays in Honor of K. Danner Clouser -- Principles or Rules? -- Ethics from the Top Down: A View from the Well -- The Influence of K. Danner Clouser: The Importance of Interpersonal Skills and Multidisciplinary Education -- Moral Knowledge, Moral Narrative, and K. Danner Clouser: The Search for Phronesis -- The Wittiest Ethicist -- Are Better Problem-Solvers Better People? -- The Liberal Arts Model of Medical Education: Its Importance and Limitations -- "The More Things Change...": Clouser on Bioethics in Medical Education -- Contract and the Critique of Principlism: Hypothetical Contract as Epistemological Theory and as Method of Conflict Resolution -- Comments and Responses -- Morality and Its Applications -- Concerning Principlism and Its Defenders: Reply to Beauchamp and Veatch -- Responses to Callahan, Dubler, Engelhardt, Jonsen, Kopelman, Mccullough, and Moskop -- Epilogue -- Response to all the Contibutors.

The paper discusses the concept of interdisciplinarity from the perspective of humanities and social sciences. As both an idea and practice, interdisciplinarity is understood within the context of the complex dynamics of creating and reshaping institutional arrangements that regulate the processes of knowledge production, distribution, and instrumentalization in Western society, with universities, research centers, and departments at its core, organized according to separate academic disciplines. The paper questions the understanding of disciplines as closed, homogeneous, and static structures of knowledge organization. Instead, it reflects on the complex, multiple, and topological relationships of mutual interpenetration and constitution of disciplines, emphasizing their inherent hybridity, especially within the context of the synoptic identity of humanities disciplines. Furthermore, the paper highlights the moral assumptions underlying interdisciplinary research initiatives. The productivity of the conceptual framework concerning the centralistic, pluralistic, and integralistic models of interdisciplinarity is highlighted in analyzing the possibilities and outcomes of interdisciplinary approaches in social and humanities studies.

How do 'we' know our fellow citizens? This paper considers two processes where recognition occurs in the Canadian context: passports and naturalisation. Using document and policy analysis we argue there are two major forms of knowledge called upon to sort insiders from outsiders. Mechanical knowledge involves tests and evaluations driven by document-matching, biometrics and fact-checking exercises. Moral knowledge concerns the kind of lives we live among our peers and our intentions towards the political community. We note that in the Canadian case tensions exist between expectation and reality around citizen recognition. The state increasingly aspires to know the citizen through procedural checks or material observation yet encounters limitations that require some form of interpersonal knowledge rooted in human-to-human relationships. Drawing on these processes, in conclusion we suggest that how knowledge about citizenship is framed serves to sort outsiders from insiders, endorses specific behaviours over others, and empowers the state to redefine the meaning of citizenship. Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v11i1.257

How do 'we' know our fellow citizens? This paper considers two processes where recognition occurs in the Canadian context: passports and naturalisation. Using document and policy analysis we argue there are two major forms of knowledge called upon to sort insiders from outsiders. Mechanical knowledge involves tests and evaluations driven by document-matching, biometrics and fact-checking exercises. Moral knowledge concerns the kind of lives we live among our peers and our intentions towards the political community. We note that in the Canadian case tensions exist between expectation and reality around citizen recognition. The state increasingly aspires to know the citizen through procedural checks or material observation yet encounters limitations that require some form of interpersonal knowledge rooted in human-to-human relationships. Drawing on these processes, in conclusion we suggest that how knowledge about citizenship is framed serves to sort outsiders from insiders, endorses specific behaviours over others, and empowers the state to redefine the meaning of citizenship.

The article reviews the main ideas of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist, cultural and religious figure Ivan Ohienko in the aspect of moral culture. It is proved that I. Ohienko considered his mother tongue to be themain component of the moral culture of an individual. The author reveals the essence and the content of the concepts of "culture", "morality", and their deep interconnections. He substantiates the position of democracy and humanity of the moral culture, its place and role in the life of each individual person and the society as a whole. On the basis of the analysis of various sources it is concluded that I. Ohienko considered moral culture of as a positive spiritual value, as a system of outlook, moral and cultural knowledge and beliefs, feelings and skills,norms, principles and relations, interests and needs, cultural and moral experience and direct behavior aimed atits self-improvement and self-realization of an individual. ; Досліджуються провідні ідеї видатного українського вченого, культурного і релігійного діяча – Івана Огієнка в аспекті моральної культури. Доводиться, що І. Огієнко вважав рідну мову головною складовою моральної культури особистості. Акцентується на з'ясуванні сутності і змісту понять «культура», «мораль», а також на їх глибинних взаємозв'язках. Обґрунтовуються положення демократичності й гуманності моральної культури, її місце і роль в житті окремої особистості і всього суспільства. На основі аналізу різноманітних джерел робиться висновок про те, що моральну культуру І. Огієнко розглядав як позитивну духовну цінність, як систему світогляду, моральних і культурологічних знань і переконань, почуттів і навичок, норм, принципів і відносин, інтересів і потреб, культурно-морального досвіду і безпосередньої поведінки, спрямованої на її самовдосконалення й самореалізацію особистості.

Introduction states that the condition of cardinal changes in the system of social and economic structures and transition to mechanisms of functioning of modern knowledge economy, the subject of research of theoretical and methodological bases of modern comprehension and practical application of humanitarian possibilities of the theory of the social contract and joint action within the international social experience remains undoubtedly actual. The aim of the article is to determine the development and substantiation of the concept of forming a social contract in the system of modern knowledge economy based on the recognition of the priority of universal values in the global coordinate system of the market economy. The socio-cultural approach methodology was used to demonstrate the process of expanding the content and practical application of such methodological principles as polyphony and dialogism as the creation of a semantic space of coexistence of thoughts and cognitive creativity. The methods of comparative analysis, structural, system-logical, analytical, synthetic methods were applied. Research results substantiate that the socio-philosophical analysis of the concept of free contract and fair price is carried out. Discussion deals with the research results of the philosophers and scientists such as K. Arrow, M. Gilbert, J. Buchanan, L. Mises, S. Mocherny, R. Harre. The differences between the results obtained by the author of the article and the indicated researchers are shown. Conclusion indicates that the problem of freedom of choice and necessity of existence of economic ethics, coordination of social and ethical limits of development of capitalist relations are determined. It is argued that the theory of modern capitalism must be supplemented by the theory of social genesis and the normative substantiation of the process of consumer taste formation. This is the question of social psychology and ethics as well as the theory of social institutions and the theory of political correction of certain ...

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1: WHY GOD MATTERS -- Should You Care If God Exists? -- Is God as Ridiculous as an Invisible Pink Unicorn? -- How Do You Define God? -- What about an Evil God? -- A Debate about Mere (Classical) Theism -- Should You Hope That God Exists? -- CHAPTER 2: GOD, FAITH, AND TESTIMONY -- Good and Bad Faith -- Defining Faith -- Faith in the Messiness of Life -- Faith in Your Sherpa -- The Principle of Total Evidence -- Faith in the Extraordinary -- CHAPTER 3: THE PROBLEM OF MASSIVE THEOLOGICAL DISAGREEMENT -- What Is Evidence? -- Does Religion Lead to Violence? -- Disagreement about Landlords, Parents, and God -- The Argument from Massive Theological Disagreement (MTD) -- Debating Premise One -- Evaluating Premise Two -- Relationship with God and Knowledge of God -- Could God Give Incompatible Revelations? -- Doctrine and Salvation -- CHAPTER 4: GOD AND MORAL OBLIGATION -- Setting Up the Moral Questions -- Introducing Ethics and Desire -- Debating Desirism -- Unqualified Moral Judgments -- Moral Perception -- The Problem of Changing Moral Perception -- The Faculty of Moral Perception and Desires -- Moral Obligation and Moral Calling -- Could God Command Something Morally Heinous? -- Moral Knowledge and Skepticism -- CHAPTER 5: THE PROBLEM OF THE HOSTILITY OF THE UNIVERSE -- A Most Unusual Birthday Gift -- Theism, Anthropocentrism, and a Battle of Analogies -- Why Would God Create a Hostile Universe? -- Does Atheism Predict a Universe Less Hospitable to Life? -- But Why Did God Create at All? -- CHAPTER 6: GOD, MATHEMATICS, AND REASON -- On the Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics -- Numerical Patterns as Architectural Motifs -- Debating the Architectural Motif Argument -- Why Explanations Need Not Have Their Own Explanation.

This study discusses how the knowledge and behavior of young women in slums are related to reproductive health. The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge and behavior of young women in slums. Whether the influence of slum environments with adolescent social behavior, how parents play in providing reproductive health education to their daughters, and how the rules exist in society limit young women's sexual behavior. The research method used in i research is a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews and observations to the public. The result of the study is that reproductive health is understood as a matter of how to maintain the cleanliness of reproductive organs to avoid disease. The scope of the conversation also concerns sexual intercourse conducted by men and women. Parents usually provide knowledge of this only in the form of straightforward advice. Meanwhile, the local community also imposes moral sanctions in the form of censure, innuendo for deviant young women.

At the present stage of creation of Ukraine as a democratic, legal state and its integration into the European community, the problem of forming moral and ethical values in students of the New Ukrainian school based on the use of innovative technologies is becoming more relevant. The effects of political and moral crises, globalization of society and detachment of the younger generation from national background, replacement of universal moral and ethical values by the youth subculture are becoming increasingly apparent. This encourages the use of innovative learning technologies at primary school lessons, the best ways of moral and ethical education of students based on various exercises, games and more. The centuries-old experience of the life of the Ukrainian people, its ideals, ideas of good and evil, sublime and ugly are concentrated in moral and ethical values. The educational rate of moral and ethical values is that they are also the result of the practice of educating the younger generation. It is convincingly proved that the acceleration of the pace of life, a large flow of knowledge affects modern people, requires the ability to find the necessary solution quickly, using search methods and many different sources of information in this regard, among traditional forms and methods of teaching, innovative pedagogical technologies are increasingly used in pedagogical practice. The article reveals the problem of formation of moral and ethical values in students of the new Ukrainian school based on the use of innovative technologies, theoretically substantiates and proves the feasibility of their use in primary school. The article describes the technologies that primary school teachers are successfully working on. The advantages of these technologies are revealed, their significance, essence and tasks are discussed.

Over the past two decades, our understanding of the development of financial markets in the nineteenth century has been transformed by scholars working in two broad areas. Economic sociologists and literary scholars have explored the discursive underpinnings of the institutions of modern finance, deftly tracing the ways in which stock markets were legitimised through a growing association with science and statistics, and a simultaneous distancing from gambling and chance. From a very different perspective, quantitative analysis of shareholder registers and other archival records by economic historians and historical geographers has provided rich data giving a more precise picture of who invested and what they invested in. Valuable though this work has been, the gulf between the two approaches has resulted in a dearth of empirically-grounded studies of the social and cultural dimensions of investment. An area particularly in need of greater exploration is the booming late Victorian print culture which purported to explain finance to new investors. This article offers a close reading of the financial journalism of Henry Labouchere, better known for his subsequent political career as a Liberal MP. Labouchere's writings are deliberately riddled with contradictions, simultaneously legitimising and questioning the stock market, and switching between the roles of moral crusader and self-interested speculator. This carefully-crafted performance encouraged an attitude of 'knowingness' towards finance among his readers which helps to explain why the stock market was able to grow in popularity even when it remained so closely associated with fraud.

"With The Firm, financial journalist Duff McDonald pulled back the curtain on consulting giant McKinsey and Company. In The Golden Passport, he reveals the inner works of a singular nexus of power, ambition, and influence: Harvard Business School. Harvard University still occupies a unique place in the public's imagination, but the Harvard Business School eclipsed its parent in terms of influence on modern society long ago. A Harvard degree guarantees respect. But a Harvard MBA near-guarantees entrance into Western capitalism's most powerful realm - the corner office. And because the School shapes the way its powerful graduates think, its influence extends well beyond their own lives. It affects the organizations they command, the economy they dominate, and society itself. Decisions and priorities at HBS touch every single one of us. Most people have a vague knowledge of the power of the HBS network, but few understand the dynamics that have made HBS an indestructible and dominant force for almost a century. Graduates of HBS share more than just an alma mater. They also share a way of thinking about how the world should work, and they have successfully molded the world to that vision - that is what truly binds them together. In addition to teasing out the essence of this exclusive, if not necessarily 'secret,' club, McDonald explores two important questions: Has the school failed at reaching the goal it set for itself - 'the multiplication of men who will handle their current business problems in socially constructive ways?' Is HBS complicit in the moral failings of Western Capitalism? At a time of soaring economic inequality and growing political unrest, this hard-hitting yet fair portrait offers a much-needed look at an institution that has had a profound influence not just in the world of business but on the shape of our society - and on all our lives." -- dust jacket of work