Suchergebnisse

This paper contains the comparative analysis of some taxes and social security contributions which are of most importance having an impact on the decisions of the investors for investments and opening new jobs and sustainable economical development.This comparison of the tax rates and social insurances is made between the Republic of Kosovo and countries in the region and the European Union countries (Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia).The targets of the comparison are tax rates and social securities as follows:1. The tax on incomea) Corporate taxb) Taxed on individual – personal incomes2. Social securitya) Social security paid by employeesb) Social security paid by employersc) Health insurance paid by employeesd) Health insurance paid by employerse) Health insurance at workf) Social Security from unemployment paid by the employeesg) Social Security from unemployment paid by the employers3. VAT (Value Added Tax)

This article has two objectives: to analyse the effects of the housing subsidy on. - access to credit and on real-estate investment; and to study the influence of those. - relations in the Chilean experience. Following a review of the financing and subsidy. - systems in Chile, a theoretical model is put forward to analyse the effect of subsidies. - on housing credit and on the equilibrium of the real-estate market. The model offers. - new perspectives on the role played by subsidies policy and the structure on which. - the empirical research is based. The econometric analysis corroborates the two main. - theoretical proposals, namely: access to the subsidy increases a family's chances. - of obtaining credit and reduces the number of families living in a housing-deficit. - situation. The econometric results also help to interpret the trend of the housing. - deficit in Chile. (CEPAL/GIGA)

CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; India and the European Union (EU) are major exporters of information technology (IT) and Itenabled services (ITeS) and both have high domestic demand for such services.The paper found that movement of professionals has benefitted both Indian and EU companies and, in future, bilateral trade in the IT/ITeS sector and labour mobility is likely to increase. However, there are a number of barriers affecting movement of professionals in this sector. The paper suggests that while some of these can be addressed through domestic reforms in India and the EU, others can be addressed under the on-going India-EU Broadbased Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) and through inter-governmental cooperation between India and EU member states. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

This article delves into the relationship between newspaper readership and civic attitudes, and its e↵ect on economic development. To this end, we investigate the long-term consequences of the introduction of the printing press in the 19th century. In sub-Saharan Africa, Protestant missionaries were the first both to import the printing press technology and to allow the indigenous population to use it. We build a new geocoded dataset locating Protestant missions in 1903. This dataset includes, for each mission station, the geographic location and its characteristics, as well as the educational and health-related investments undertaken by the mission. We show that, within regions located close to missions, proximity to a printing press significantly increases newspaper readership today. We also document a strong association between proximity to a printing press and contemporary economic development. Our results are robust to a variety of identification strategies.

This paper analyzes how sustained yield (SY) forestry is defined and implemented in Sweden and Russia, two countries with different forest-industrial regimes. We first compare definitions of SY forestry in national legislation and policies. Then we study forest management planning in two large forest management units with respect to: delivered forest products and values, how the harvest level of timber is defined, where the harvest takes place, and what treatments are used to sustain desired forest products and values. In Sweden SY forestry is maximum yield based on high-input forest management, and in Russia it is forestry based on natural regeneration with minimum investments in silviculture. We conclude that how SY forestry contributes to SFM depends on the context. Finally, we discuss the consequences of SY forestry as performed in Sweden and Russia related to its ability to support diverse forest functions, as envisioned in sustainable forest management policy.

Today Samsung is the world leader in flat screen TV and cell phone sales. LG is second in TV sales, fifth in cellphones. Samsung fabricated its first LCD screen in 1995, well after such screens already dominated laptop computers, and had shipped its first cell phone only in 1988. LG wasn't even founded until 1958 when it started its development of the first Korean-made radios. By 1982 it shipped its first color TV – made in the USA. In this timeframe, not even twenty years ago, TV shipments were dominated by Japanese consumer manufacturers and cellphones were led by Motorola and Nokia. This paper explores possible sources of the secret to the Koreans' success and finds that the usual metrics – in particular patents, Rand D investment, and low cost labor – don't explain it. We speculate that "industrial policy" measures of the South Korean government may have been decisive.

This article delves into the relationship between newspaper readership and civic attitudes, and its e↵ect on economic development. To this end, we investigate the long-term consequences of the introduction of the printing press in the 19th century. In sub-Saharan Africa, Protestant missionaries were the first both to import the printing press technology and to allow the indigenous population to use it. We build a new geocoded dataset locating Protestant missions in 1903. This dataset includes, for each mission station, the geographic location and its characteristics, as well as the educational and health-related investments undertaken by the mission. We show that, within regions located close to missions, proximity to a printing press significantly increases newspaper readership today. We also document a strong association between proximity to a printing press and contemporary economic development. Our results are robust to a variety of identification strategies.

This article delves into the relationship between newspaper readership and civic attitudes, and its e↵ect on economic development. To this end, we investigate the long-term consequences of the introduction of the printing press in the 19th century. In sub-Saharan Africa, Protestant missionaries were the first both to import the printing press technology and to allow the indigenous population to use it. We build a new geocoded dataset locating Protestant missions in 1903. This dataset includes, for each mission station, the geographic location and its characteristics, as well as the educational and health-related investments undertaken by the mission. We show that, within regions located close to missions, proximity to a printing press significantly increases newspaper readership today. We also document a strong association between proximity to a printing press and contemporary economic development. Our results are robust to a variety of identification strategies.

The agricultural sector in Zimbabwe is a critical sector in terms of economic growth and development. However the sector has been experiencing some setbacks in recent years. This paper sought to examine the effects of infrastructure development in the agricultural sector on sustainable food production. Through questionnaires, observations and focus group discussions, information was gathered from the Zimuto district in Masvingo Province. The data collected was analyzed through both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The research revealed that there is an unpleasant state of infrastructure in the resettled farms. The fast track land reform programme implemented by the Zimbabwean government had a negative impact on farms infrastructure and equipment. An investment in infrastructure is thus required to ensure that there is agricultural productivity. In line with existing literature the challenges that farmers face can be rectified by infrastructure development. A multi sectorial participation in infrastructure development is required.

Not since the countries of Africa tossed out their colonial filters several decades ago has there been this much optimism and excitement about the continent's prospects. While China's economic expansion has slowed, and while Europe and the US try to dig themselves out of recession, Africa has not only weathered an up-and-down global economy -- it's been booming. According to International Monetary Fund data, sub-Saharan Africa has grown at an annual rate of 4.8% over the last five years, a period that includes the trauma of the global financial crisis. That means it has outperformed other developing regions -- like Latin America, for example, at 3.3% -- and it blows out of the water the advanced economies, which expanded just 0.5% per year. Foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa has leapt from $6 billion in 2000 to $34 billion in 2012. Adapted from the source document.

In recent decades, the exponential growth of tourism and mining in Cusco and Cajamarca has made these two intermediate cities in the Peruvian Andes important on the global economic scene. Foreign direct investment in these industries has attracted internal and transnational migrants who now dominate the lucrative real estate and labor markets in these cities. Residents have been driven to the peripheries, and there is a sharp contrast between those who have access to the benefits of mining and tourism and those who do not. The article shows that these intermediate cities can no longer escape the spatial segregation, economic exploitation, and inequality that used to be associated almost exclusively with metropolitan centers. These supposedly livable and harmonious urban environments are increasingly jeopardized by the growing imbalance between the livelihoods of local residents and those of transnational elites. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]

Mudarabah, as an icon of commercial products in Shari'ah Economic, factually proven toughness in facing the financial crisis during this time. By placing the product mudarabah proportionally in the financial business institutions have a significant impact on economic sustainability in strengthening the real sector. Some of the benefits include Mudarabah product; has a rate of return higher than the interest rate applicate on interest bank, based on "production–based" by transactions based on real assets and not solely on the paperwork that are derivatives and free from elements of speculation. Mudarabah based on production. Therefore, the financial crisis can be minimized because the balance sheet of company is stable relatively. To maintain it in the real sector, government support in the form of policies by strengthening the role of national banking intermediation in the financial and real sector investment is needed to minimize the level of unemployment.

This is a conference paper. ; Capacity development of permanent local institutions is needed to improve the sustainability of investments made in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector. To check capacity development intentions, development partners (DPs) can ask the question "What capacities are you developing and why?" This will verify that capacity development is being done with precise objectives, and is aligned with institutional needs and role definitions. DPs can use implementation and capacity development objectives as mutually reinforcing opportunities to support strong project outputs as well as to improve outcomes for service delivery. Two particular techniques for capitalizing on this duality are highlighted: supporting implementers, and supporting reflective learning. Examples of practical combinations of capacity development approaches are presented from the perspective of Engineers Without Borders Canada working in collaboration with other DPs and with district governments in Malawi's WASH sector.