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Cooke, Bill: Rationality is the bridge between East and West. - S. 27-45 Steiner, David M.: Building a bridge. - S. 47-66 Hottois, Gilbert: Which wisdom for a techno-scientific and multicultural civilization? - S. 67-85 Abousenna, Mona: Rationality: the broken bridge between East and West. - S. 87-99 Wahba, Mourad: Rationality between West and East. - S. 101-109

The introduction of behavioural insights into policy-making is welcome, because they challenge traditional assumptions in policy-making which are largely inspired by neoclassical economic thinking. In line with good evidence-based policy-making, they make us question and test how people behave instead of assuming we already know the answer.

This report discusses the viability of setting up Export Pre-Financing Revolving Funds in SADCC states and deals with the experience of those countries that already have such a fund. It gives administrative, operational, institutional and financial guidelines. (DÜI-Kst)

This article highlights a major disconnect between the theory and practice of policy design. It provides a contrast between two ways to envisage design in political science. The first focuses on functional requirements and techniques, highlighting what policymakers need to do and the steps they use. The second focuses on theories and empirical studies that situate policy design within the wider study of policy processes, highlighting a major gap between requirements and outcomes. These approaches should complement and inform each other, but rarely do. Most policy theories treat classic descriptions of policy design (such as making policy via series of steps or stages) as divorced from reality, and only useful as ideal-types to contrast with what actually happens. Policy theories may be more accurate, but very few provide equivalent practical lessons (and most do not try). If so, what are the prospects of bringing together these literatures? The article examines two kinds of theory-informed policy design: theories at the service of analysis or sources of critical analysis and cautionary tales.

AbstractThe changes which have taken place in the Chinese economy since the late 1970s have affected rural health services in a number of ways: local prepayment schemes have collapsed and most people pay in cash for medical care; health facilities have more autonomy from the government; and political mobilization for health has decreased. In the less developed parts of the country poor households cannot get the health services they require and health facilities face financial problems. China's policy makers face an imposing agenda of issues which could lead them towards a fundamental redefinition of the relationships between users and providers of health services, third‐party payers, local government health departments and local professional and community organizations.

The paper discusses economic development trends in Russia in late 2014 and 2015 and reviews the basic mechanisms of how changes in the terms of trade affect the economic development of countries from a historical perspective and with a particular focus on those changes in the Russian economy that occurred in late 2014 and 2015. The authors demonstrate that structural reforms aimed at diversification of production and exports are necessary for sustainable economic development, for social stability and for reducing the impact of variability in the terms of trade on the Russian economy. During periods of instability in the government agenda's measures for the real and financial sectors, it is necessary not only to compensate economic agents losses caused by changes in the terms of trade but also to improve the economic structure and to develop and enhance the stability of the financial markets.

Fiscal and Monetary Policy in the Eurozoneoffers systematic analyses of the economic policy framework of the Eurozone and critiques current ideas about how to move forward, making it essential reading for postgraduate students of economics and of keen interest to researchers, policymakers, journalists, and financial strategists

In the context of the turbulent international political situation, the uneven development of social development and the stagnation of economic development in recent years, China's promotion of foreign trade and economic transformation and upgrading and the "Belt and Road" strategy are necessary to pay more attention to the research and control of export credit risks, so policy exports is particularly urgent and important for credit insurance institutions to conduct research on credit risk control activities in support of the "going out" process of Chinese goods and capital. At the same time, unlike general commercial financial institutions, the starting point and foothold of credit risk management of policy financial institutions should be "maximizing social benefits" rather than the "maximum economic benefits" of traditional risk management theories. The target set of the risk management system of the export credit insurance institution is repositioned. Therefore, this paper attempts to sort out the research results of the existing policy-oriented export credit institutions, and from the perspective of comprehensive risk management, through the analysis of the characteristics and difficulties of the credit risk management of policy-oriented export credit insurance institutions, the company builds a comprehensive credit risk management system. The ideas and structure are discussed, and preliminary suggestions are put forward on the basis of this, in order to provide reference for the company to further improve the comprehensive risk management system.

The paper surveys the main relations between adjustment policy and agricultural performance during the 1980s with special focus on African countries. Firstly it shows why adjustment may favour agricultural development. Then it considers why implementation of the main policy measures may not lead to the expected results. Special attention is given to the exchange rate policy, trade liberalization and fiscal policy. (DSE)