Suchergebnisse

Im letzten Beitrag zum Bulletin 2021 spricht Nele Achten über den durch das Eidgenössische Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten (EDA) ins Leben gerufenen Genfer Dialog, der sowohl Staaten als auch private Unternehmen in die Themen der globalen Cybersicherheits- und Cyberaussenpolitik einbindet. In der noch jungen Geschichte des Dialogs unterscheidet die Autorin zwischen zwei Phasen, einer anfänglichen Positionierungsphase und einer darauffolgenden Austauschphase. Daraufhin schliesst die Autorin mit einer Einschätzung der Zukunft der Plattform und ihrer Positionierung innerhalb der Schweizer Aussenpolitik bis 2024. ; In the final contribution to the Bulletin 2021, Nele Achten talks about the Geneva Dialogue launched by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA), which engages both states and private corporations on the issues of global cybersecurity and cyber foreign policy. In the still young history of the dialogue, the author distinguishes between two phases, an initial positioning phase and a subsequent exchange phase. The author then concludes with an assessment of the future of the platform and its positioning within Swiss foreign policy until 2024. ; ISSN:1024-0608

In democracy education, determining how best to teach young children about democracy and how to measure the effectiveness of such learning is difficult, as "democracy" is a subjective and intangible concept. Given the challenge that this presents to educational planners, the author has created a cartoon video about democracy accompanied by an opportunity for children who watch the video to "mock vote." The author used the video in a series of elementary school visits to teach the children the meaning of democracy. The effects of the video learning were assessed by analyzing the children's questionnaire responses before and after the class using text data mining. It was found that the children were able to assimilate the contents of the video and the themes behind the story; that is, they understood the meaning of democracy and democratic elections.

Conelly and Smith build on a big problem in this book about the difficulty of building and protecting the environment. It is due to many underlying factors. Among them is the human factor who does not have the awareness to protect the environment and nature. This is answered and solved by the author to protect the environment in the next section. At least the author divides the environment into two approaches, namely the political approach and the conventional approach. Politically, the environment must be recognized as a resource on earth that must be protected, because wealth has limitations. Politically too, humans must build a shared awareness by creating a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. This cooperative relationship is framed in ethical understanding between humans and other creatures such as animals, plants, earth, sea, sun, and the like.

In the article the author attempts to outline theoretical and methodological framework used in analyzing the phenomenon of specific history politics in cities divided by state borders – places where sometimes radically different history narrations meet or even clash. The article is composed of three parts. The first one specifies the concept of history politics in nationwide dimension ("history politics"). The second part analyzes history politics in local dimension ("local politics of memory"). With reference to these two concepts – levels of history politics and politics of memory – the author indicates: goals, subjects, methods and tools of history politics/politics of memory. The final section of the paper aims at capturing the specificity of history politics in cities divided by state borders and indicating models of relations between different kinds of politics of memory in cities divided by state borders.

Extrapolating the network approach to the socio-political process as a whole, the article analyzes the phenomenon of connection of network space and political reality, characterized by the mutual influence and interdependence of the phenomena occurring in both areas. There are four main interfaces (public space, institutional outputs, direct action, radical action) of interaction between the network space and the political system. The author substantiates the significance of the phenomenon of connection as a determinant of the modern political process, identifies the main indicators of connection, anticipating significant changes in the political landscape. In conclusion, the author points out both the risks of connection, new challenges for today's political institutions, and the emergence of new windows of opportunities for the modernization of socio-political institutions. Nine political designs are modeled based on conjugation connection.

The thesis analyses indirect perpetration within the meaning and interpretation of article 25(3)(a), third alternative, of the Rome Statute from a comparative perspective. Through a critical analysis, Giulia Lanza examines the control over the organization theory, adopted by the majority to interpret the provision. The objective of the author is to verify whether the dominant approach – resulting from the transposition of Roxin's Organisationsherrschaftslehre at the ICC – constitutes a feasible solution in the interpretation and application of article 25 (3)(a), third alternative, of the Rome Statute, or whether it is preferable to rely on different approaches inspired by other legal systems, such as the Italian system. The author concludes that the reliance on the Organisationsherrschaftslehre constitutes an important step in the path towards the development of autonomous ICL doctrine regarding indirect perpetration.

Abstract: The author of the article examining the ancient source "Avesta" draws attentionto the importance of the ecologically careful attitude of this source to the environment,water resources, soil, flora and fauna. Moreover, according to the Avesta, pollution of theearth, fire, air and water, which, unfortunately, is taking place at the present time, is agrave sin. An ecologically respectful attitude to nature and its fruits occupies the mostimportant place in the Avesta, for Zoroastrianism transfers the attention of the presentgeneration to the future, so that their descendants can also enjoy the delights of clean water,air, earth and plants.In this regard, the author refers to the draft of the new criminal legislation of theRepublic of Uzbekistan in the field of environmental protection and cites novels, the purposeof which is the same aspirations that are reflected in the ancient source.

The Office of the UN High Commissioner of Human Rights is an intergovernmentalhuman rights organization that provides advisory services and technicalcooperation at both the national and regional levels. OHCHR will get involvedif a country experiences obstacles related to human rights. This paper aims toanalyze and describe the role of OHCHR in cases of extrajudicial killings sincethe enactment of the War on Drugs Policy in the Philippines. The author uses aqualitative approach with descriptive methods. The author obtains the requireddata through literature studies and interviews. The results showed that OHCHRhas several roles in its involvement, namely as an actor to communicate withthe government, victims' families, and other international organizations; as aforum to discuss human rights cases in the regular sessions of the UN HumanRights Council; also as a political resource where countries fight over what theOHCHR have to do to support their positions.

The main goal of this article is to examine policy of the United States towards Burma from the perspective of political science. First part of analysis is dedicated to political ties between Washington and Rangoon (later: Naypyidaw) till 1988 when mass demonstrations took place in Burma. Further, article concentrates on period between 1988 and 2011, when Myanmar has been criticized by the US over violation of human rights. Author points out that situation has changed in 2011 when Washington shifted its policy towards Myanmar from isolationism to engagement under Obama's administration but Burma has been neglected once again with Trump's coming to power, when bilateral relations were overshadowed by Rohingya crisis. On the basis of these factors, Author concludes that the US-Myanmar relations will remain unfulfilled for the next years.

The aim of the essay is to discuss the concept and the value of political sovereignty and those to describe its enemies. According to the theorists of the modern state, two concurring aspects identify political sovereignty: a process of institutionalization of political power; a popular decision to recognize political sovereign. A similar concept of political sovereignty is challenged by otherforms of power, which the Author defines the "economical sovereignty" and the "sovereignty of the bios." After analyzing the characteristics of these different forms of individual power, the Author reveals the common fate of economical sovereignty and the sovereignty ofthe bios. A community of individuals founded on the economical sovereignty and sovereignty of the bios erases political sovereignty and supports the dominion of téchne(techno-science)over politics (Technocracy).

In academic writing about disability, the impetus is typically used to subvert society's ableist structures and challenge misconceptions and misunderstanding around disability. However, due to the world-wide spread of COVID-19 and the restrictions put in place to reduce the virus's impact, such as asking people to wear masks in public places and the closing of universities and moving to entirely online learning, the author, who is deaf, found herself vulnerable and confronting a lack of access due to these measures. This reflexive paper will investigate how the pandemic and its effects forced the author to reconsider her ownership of her deafness. It will add to a growing body of autoethnographic disability research by contributing another facet to understandings around disability and self as they are actualized in the midst of the pandemic.

This book examines the afterlife of decolonization in the collective memory of the Netherlands. It offers a new perspective on the cultural history of representing the decolonization of the Dutch East Indies, and maps out how a contested collective memory was shaped. Taking a transdisciplinary approach and applying several theoretical frames from literary studies, sociology, cultural anthropology and film theory, the author reveals how mediated memories contributed to a process of what he calls "unremembering." He analyses in detail a broad variety of sources, including novels, films, documentaries, radio interviews, memoires and historical studies, to reveal how five decades of representing and remembering decolonization fed into an unremembering by which some key notions were silenced or ignored. The author concludes that historians, or the historical guild, bear much responsibility for the unremembering of decolonization in Dutch collective memory.

The article deals with four original scripts for Munda languages, invented in the 20th century by the native speakers of Munda. These are as follows: Ol Chiki, invented by Raghunath Murmu for Santali language; Sorang Sompeng, invented by Mangei Gomango for Sora; Warang Citi, invented by Lako Bodra for Ho; Bani Hisir, invented by Rohidas Singh for Mundari. The author analyzes the structures of the character sets and makes assumptions regarding the origins of the characters. In some cases, the author proposes alternative versions of the origins of the Warang Citi script, which was widely examined by Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow. Certain characters of Sorang Sompeng might bear resemblance to the Latin script and some Indian scripts, while Bani Hisir seems to have been influenced by Ol Chiki and partly by Warang Citi.

Abstract
Traditional economic models predict rural to urban migration during the structural transformation of an economy. In middle-income countries, it is less clear which direction of migration to expect. In this article, the author shows that in Brazil as many people move out as into metropolitan cities and they mostly move to mid-sized towns. The author estimates the determinants of out-migrants' destination choice accounting for differences in earnings, living costs, and amenities and tested whether the migrants gain economically by accepting lower wages but enjoying lower living costs. The findings suggest that in their destination choice, out-migrants aim to minimize costs of moving. On average, city-leavers realize higher real wages, including low-skilled migrants who would lose in nominal terms. The article thus provides new evidence on economic incentives to leave big cities in a middle-income country.

The author begins by addressing theories in which love is either the key bond in intimate interpersonal relations (Giddens, Beck, Illouz) or is a set of everyday practices aimed at generating and maintaining a close relationship (Kauffman) and in which love can be understood through certain signs and symbols and other structures of meaning (Danesi). The author's analysis conforms to the concepts of the sociology of everyday life, the sociology of the couple, and the theory of social practices, according to which an intimate relationship is built on the basis of a couple's daily activities, which "produce" that relationship through their repetition. The author analyzes ways of showing love to one another in everyday practices and attempts to embed these gestures and symbols in cultural conditions. The author's reflections are based on a qualitative analysis of empirical research.