Suchergebnisse

Dominick LaCapra argues that historians continue to interpret legal documents in a hierarchical fashion that marginalizes intellectual history, as fiction is perceived to be less viable. This dissertation analyzes contemporary literary texts in the Americas that exploit such a narrow reading of documents in order to interrogate the way official history is constructed by introducing false forms of documents into their narratives. These literary texts, or what I label "con-script," are not only historical fiction, but also historicized fiction that problematize their own historical construction. Many critics propose that the new historical novel revises historical interpretation, but there exists a gap between theory and textual practice. Adapted from E.L. Doctorow's notion of "false documents," the con-script acts as an alternative that purposefully confuses fiction and nonfiction, providing tools to critically examine the authority maintained by official narratives. By revealing the fictive nature of these constructions, the con-script alerts readers to the manipulation of documents to maintain political authority and misrepresent or silence marginalized groups. The recent revision of American Studies to include a hemispheric or Inter-American scope provides a context for applying such political claims within a transcultural framework. I compare texts from English-, Spanish-, and Portuguese America in order to identify shared strategies. After a survey of the historical novel's development across the Americas and a critical theory overview, I analyze three types of con-script. "The Art of Con-Fessing" juxtaposes texts from the three languages via Jay Cantor's The Death of Che Guevara, Augusto Roa Basto's Yo el Supremo, and Silviano Santiago's Em Liberdade. These false documents present themselves as apocryphal diaries supposedly written by revolutionary leaders or activists. The authors demythologize untouchable public figures through the gaps in their "own" personal writing. "Mediations of Media" features Ivan Ângelo's A Festa, Tomás Eloy Martínez's La novela de Perón, and Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo. These journalists interrogate the role of media and political corruption within the construction of national identity; the false documents appear as newspaper clippings, magazine articles and media images. Finally, the subjective process of archiving is examined in "Con-Centering the Archive" via Aguinaldo Silva's No País das Sombras, Francisco Simón's El informe Mancini, and Susan Daitch's L.C.

The interrelationship between heteronormativity, homonormativity and hegemonic masculinity has widereaching ramifications for the representation of important moments and agents in LGBTQIAN+ history. In this study, the author examines how the films Howl, Stonewall and Milk enact the emancipation of their protagonists, while simultaneously reproducing their oppression and aestheticising their discrimination, thus making it consumable. This contradiction is emblematic of new forms of exclusion that function more subtly than blatant homophobia, outright sexism or overt racism, while at the same time rejecting a more complex repre-sentation of social experiences but instead solidifying static, definable identities.

Using modern biology and history to investigate a series of grisly deaths in the countryside of 18th-century France. Something unimaginable occurred from 1764 to 1767 in the remote highlands of south-central France. For three years, a real-life monster, or monsters, ravaged the region, slaughtering by some accounts more than 100 people, mostly women and children, and inflicting severe injuries upon many others. Alarmed rural communities—and their economies—were virtually held hostage by the marauder, and local officials and Louis XV deployed dragoons and crack wolf hunters from far-off Normandy and the King's own court to destroy the menace. And with the creature's reign of terror occurring at the advent of the modern newspaper, it can be said the ferocious attacks in the Gévaudan region were one of the world's first media sensations. Despite extensive historical documentation about this awesome predator, no one seemed to know exactly what it was. Theories abounded: Was it an exotic animal, such as a hyena, that had escaped from a menagerie? A werewolf? A wolf-dog hybrid? A new species? Some kind of conspiracy? Or, as was proposed by the local bishop, was it a scourge of God? To this day, debates on the true nature of La Bête, "The Beast," continue. With historical illustrations, composite sketches by the author, on-the-scene modern-day photographs, autopsy analysis, and fictionalized accounts, Beast takes a fascinating look at all the evidence, using a mix of history and modern biology to advance a theory that could solve one of the most bizarre and unexplained killing sprees of all time: France's infamous Beast of the Gévaudan

Most studies of communication in China or in other communist states focus on the function of mass media: as propaganda, organization, mobilization and control. The People's Daily (Renmin ribao) is the mouthpiece of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The article discusses the politics of information flow from the Party-state centre to the mass-media. It focuses on how the mass-media receive directives and on how those directives are then interpreted and disseminated with particluar reference to the politics of editorial formulation in the People's Daily. (DÜI-Sen)

Through a discussion of diverse art and media such as apocalyptic thrillers, rap, and television, Swirski debunks the American political system, sieving out fact from a sea of bipartisan untruths. Engaging with close analysis and multiple case studies, this book forges a more accurate picture of contemporary American culture and of America itself.

Biz Stone, the co-founder of Twitter, discusses the power of creativity and how to harness it, through stories from his remarkable life and career. THINGS A LITTLE BIRD TOLD ME From GQ's "Nerd of the Year" to one of Time's most influential people in the world, Biz Stone represents different things to different people. But he is known to all as the creative, effervescent, funny, charmingly positive and remarkably savvy co-founder of Twitter-the social media platform that singlehandedly changed the way the world works. Now, Biz tells fascinating, pivotal, and personal stories from his early life and his careers at Google and Twitter, sharing his knowledge about the nature and importance of ingenuity today. In Biz's world: -Opportunity can be manufactured -Great work comes from abandoning a linear way of thinking -Creativity never runs out -Asking questions is free -Empathy is core to personal and global success. In this book, Biz also addresses failure, the value of vulnerability, ambition, and corporate culture. Whether seeking behind-the-scenes stories, advice, or wisdom and principles from one of the most successful businessmen of the new century, THINGS A LITTLE BIRD TOLD ME will satisfy every reader.

European Heritage, Dialogue and Digital Practices focuses on the intersection of heritage, dialogue and digital culture in the context of Europe. Responding to the increased emphasis on the potential for heritage and digital technologies to foster dialogue and engender communitarian identities in Europe, the book explores what kind of role digital tools, platforms and practices play in supporting and challenging dialogue about heritage in the region. Drawing on fieldwork involving several European museums and heritage organisations, the chapters in this volume critically engage with the role of digital technology in heritage work and its association with ideas of democratisation, multivocality and possibilities for feedback and dialogic engagement in the emerging digital public sphere. The book also provides a framework for understanding dialogue in relation to other commonly used approaches in heritage institutions, such as participation, engagement and intercultural exchange. The authors map out the complex landscape of digitally mediated heritage practices in Europe, both official and unofficial, by capturing three distinct areas of practice: perceptions and applications of digitally mediated dialogues around heritage within European museums and cultural policy, facilitation of dialogue between European museums and communities through participatory design approaches and non-official mobilisation of heritage on social media.

Note on Transliteration -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction: The Construction of Hizbullah's Identity -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Hizbullah and Identity Construction: Nationalism at Work -- 1.3 Institutionalisation: Identity Dissemination -- 1.4 Nationalism and Religion: Shiʿi Nationalists? -- 1.4.1 Definitions -- 1.4.2 Nationalism and Religious Movements -- 1.4.3 Ethnosymbolism -- 1.4.4 Islam and Nationalism in Gellner's Thought -- 1.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Books -- Journal Articles -- Chapter 2: The Role of Hizbullah's Institutions in the Reconstruction of Shiʿi Identity -- 2.1 Institutional Conventions and Rules -- 2.2 Non-State Institutions -- 2.3 The Invention of Tradition: A New Ashura -- 2.4 Redefining Parties: The Party of God vs the Party of Satan -- 2.5 Hizbullah's Organisational Structure: Ancient Islam or Leninism? -- 2.5.1 The Executive Council and the Party Branches (Qetaʿ) -- 2.5.2 Al-Taʿbiʾa (the Mobilisation Forces) -- 2.5.3 Al-Wehda Al-Thaqafiya Al-Markaziya (Central Cultural Unit) -- 2.6 The Role of Language, the Media, and Educational Institutions -- 2.6.1 The 'Nation's Leader' -- 2.6.2 Sacrifice, Jihad, and Martyrdom -- 2.6.3 The 'Sacred Homeland' -- 2.7 Al-Jarha (the Foundation of the Wounded) -- 2.7.1 Al Mu'assasa Al Islamiya Lil Tarbiya Wal Ta'leem: Al Mahdi Schools -- 2.8 The Consultative Centre for Studies and Documentation -- 2.9 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Books -- Journal Articles -- Magazines -- Interviews -- Chapter 3: The Reconstructed History of the Lebanese Shiʿa -- 3.1 Writing Lebanese History -- 3.2 Geography, Economy, and Classes -- 3.3 The Myth of Shiʿi Origins -- 3.3.1 Fighters with the Imam -- 3.3.2 Banu ʿAmmar and the Mamluks -- 3.4 Ottoman Rule: 'Direct' and 'Indirect' Phases -- 3.4.1 Thaher Al-ʿOmar -- 3.4.2 Tribal and Feudal Infighting

The first book-length account of the symbolic chains that link remakes and explain their disguises, Film Remakes as Rituals and Disguise is also the first book to explore how and why these stories are told. The author focuses on contemporary retellings of three particular tales - Joan of Arc, Carmen, and Psycho - to reveal what she calls the remake's "rituals of disguise." Joan of Arc, the author demonstrates, later appears as the tough, androgynous Ripley in the blockbuster Alien III film and the God-ridden Bess in Lars Von Trier's Breaking the Waves. Ultimately, these remake chains offer evidence of the archetypes of our own age, cultural "fingerprints" that are reflective of society's own preferences and politics. Underneath the redundancy of the remake, the author shows, lies our collective social memory. Indeed, at its core the lowly remake represents a primal attempt to gain immortality, to triumph over death-playing at movie theatres seven days a week, 365 days a year. Addressing the wider theoretical implications of her argument with sections on contemporary film issues such as trauma, jouissance, and censorship, the author offers an insightful addition to current debates in film theory and cinema history.

Marshallese youth face extraordinary challenges in creating an identity, due to their economy, isolated location – the Marshall Islands are located in the central Pacific Ocean and comprise of more than 1200 islands and islets – the history of US nuclear testing in the islands and climate change. Contemporary youth identity construction requires constant acts of acculturation, due to media and globalization. This study used content and transitivity analyses to explore how Marshallese youth understand their distinctive look. Content sub-unit frequencies indicated that the Marshallese community was the most significant factor in defining style, particularly cultural uniqueness, history, religion and generational differences. Collective pronouns indicated that acculturation anxieties stemmed from cultural differences and loss and were managed by asserting community affiliation. Personal style preferences reflected contextual and financial limitations. Process-type analysis constructed culture as the most vigorous actor and speaker, where youth roles included perception and cognition, with other islands' views mediating between the two. Roles attributed to the media and the West included emoting and wanting, where China more closely resembled Marshallese youth, though the ubiquity of western content may render its agency somewhat invisible to Marshallese youth. Overall, Marshallese youth harmonize their individuality within attributed community and contextual factors. This is likely to be their preferred strategy when they emigrate to the United States, a highly individualistic country. Marshallese parents and second-generation Marshallese will require support, in their new context.

Nel contributo si traccia la storia della polirematica verbale scendere in campo che, a partire dagli anni novanta del '900 ha avuto grande fortuna nel linguaggio politico e dei media. Gli esordi sembrano risalire agli inizi del '500, ma la sua affermazione pare soprattutto essere legata a testi di carattere controriformistico. Bisognerà attendere il Novecento perché la locuzione, oltre a caratterizzarsi come metafora bellica, venga usata in ambito sportivo. Le vicende della locuzione vengono tracciate attraverso un'indagine completa nei lemmi del Grande Dizionario della Lingua Italiana fondato da Salvatore Battaglia (GDLI), attraverso l'interrogazione di Google Libri e infine servendosi del corpus allestito per il VoDIM – Vocabolario dinamico dell'uso moderno. ; The contribution traces the history of the verbal multiword expression scendere in campo which, since the nineties of the twentieth century, has had a great fortune in political and media language. The beginnings seem to date back to the early 1550s, but its success seems above all to be linked to counter reformation texts. It will be nec-essary to wait until the twentieth century for the multiword expression, in addition to being characterized as a war metaphor, to be used in sports. The history of the multi-word expression is traced through a complete investigation in the lemmas of the Great Dictionary of the Italian Language founded by Salvatore Battaglia (GDLI), through the interrogation of Google Books and finally using the corpus set up for VoDIM – Dynamic vocabulary of modern use.

Проанализирована кампания 1990 года по выборам народных депутатов РСФСР и депутатов местных советов. Рассмотрены особенности первых за всю историю Советского Союза свободных выборов в российской провинции, которые развивались по четкой модели областные партийные структуры против оппозиционных сил. Изучены методы борьбы противодействующих сторон, уделено внимание вопросу влияния выборов и их результатов на дальнейшую расстановку сил в регионе. Исследование основано на материалах печатных СМИ, документах Государственного архива социально-политической истории Тамбовской области. На основе архивных документов, материалов печатных СМИ, восстановлена хронология событий, происходивших в Тамбове и Тамбовском регионе в период предвыборной кампании. ; The author analyzes the campaign of 1990 on the election of people's deputies and deputies of local councils. The author studies the peculiarities of the first in the entire history of the Soviet Union of free elections in the Russian provinces, which evolved in the clear model regional party structures of the opposition forces. The methods of struggle of opposing parties were examined; attention was given to the issue of influence of elections and their results on the further alignment of forces in the region. The research is based on materials of printed mass media, documents of state archive of social and political history of the Tambov region. With the use of archive documents, materials of printed mass media it was made possible to reconstruct the chronology of events in Tambov and the Tambov region in the period of the election campaign.

World War I was one of the most important events in twentieth century. Crisis of European civilization gave rise to crisis in international relations. Russian political situation was completed profound revolution transformations in 1917 year. Events of World War I were considered in Russian State`s official press. Kamchatka press was not exception. That was the reason why we had turned our attention to native historical material. Kamchatka press, that was analyzed, helps us to understand public relation of that difficult time. The press of World War I contains information about alterations of Kamchatka political situation. Political leaders wanted to control mass media in order to govern better. This article may be useful to professional historians and those, who are interesting in Russian history. ; World War I was one of the most important events in twentieth century. Crisis of European civilization gave rise to crisis in international relations. Russian political situation was completed profound revolution transformations in 1917 year. Events of World War I were considered in Russian State`s official press. Kamchatka press was not exception. That was the reason why we had turned our attention to native historical material. Kamchatka press, that was analyzed, helps us to understand public relation of that difficult time. The press of World War I contains information about alterations of Kamchatka political situation. Political leaders wanted to control mass media in order to govern better. This article may be useful to professional historians and those, who are interesting in Russian history.

Warum glauben wir, dass andere Menschen stark von Medien beeinflusst werden und sogar deutlich stärker als wir selbst? Und welche Folgen haben diese Vermutungen für unsere eigenen Einstellungen und unser eigenes Verhalten? Mit diesen Fragen befasst sich die Forschung zum Third-Person-Effekt, der mittlerweile als eines der zentralen Konzepte der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung gilt. Das Lehrbuch, das bereits in zweiter, aktualisierter Auflage vorliegt, bietet eine systematische und verständliche Einführung in diesen Ansatz. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt in der Vermittlung der Kernannahmen des Third-Person-Effekts. Zudem werden die Ergebnisse der Forschung zum Ansatz ausführlich vorgestellt. In Ergänzung dazu wird anschaulich erläutert, wie in Third-Person-Studien methodisch vorgegangen wird, und es werden Bezüge zu verwandten Theorien und Konzepten herausgearbeitet.Das Werk eignet sich als Lehrbuch für Studierende der Kommunikationswissenschaft und angrenzender Fächer, aber auch als Einstiegslektüre und Nachschlagewerk für weitere Interessierte

Von Georges Méliès über Alfred Hitchcock bis hin zu David Lynch - das Motiv der Box taucht in der Filmgeschichte immer wieder auf. Dabei konfrontiert es die BetrachterInnen mit einem medialen Paradox: Die Box ist sichtbar und umschließt zugleich einen Raum, der verborgen bleibt. Als Motiv birgt jede Box eine eigene Geschichte, die sich im Laufe des Films entfaltet. Damit ermöglicht sie eine kritische Perspektive auf das, was scheinbar selbsterklärend vor unseren Augen liegt. Ausgehend von konkreten Filmanalysen untersucht der Autor räumliche Einschlüsse im Film auf ihre narrativen, ästhetischen und epistemologischen Dimensionen und legt damit die erste Studie zu diesem omnipräsenten, aber bislang übersehenen Motiv vor.