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AbstractMathew Carey promoted the high tariff as a political expression of humane sentiments that relieved American workers of the misery caused by low wages and unemployment. This made him an early example of a state-builder working outside the state itself, building ideological frames and using emotional appeals to promote the expansion of state capacity. Although other aspects of his protectionism appealed to the republican tradition, Carey meshed his sentimental appeal with the liberalism. Later reformers integrated sensibility with liberalism by reference to the rights of vulnerable parties, but Carey added an appeal to an enlightened self-interest that allowed American manufacturers to profit while protecting workers. Although he became a well-known advocate for the organized provision of social welfare, his continued opposition to the widespread distribution of outdoor relief also suggests that he viewed the policy as a circumscribed federal social-welfare measure providing work rather than direct aid.

This article examines the association between accented speech and the formation of friendships and partnerships among immigrants and native-born majority residents in Germany. Drawing on the sixth wave of the German extension of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries, we analyze a neglected aspect of language — pronunciation — and find that speaking with a foreign accent is a more important correlate of the incidence of interethnic partnerships than of interethnic friendships. We argue that beyond its primary function of understandability, accented speech possesses socially communicative power. Accent transmits signals of an individual's foreignness and cultural differences and, thus, becomes an additional marker of social distance. Such signals serve as a greater obstacle to more consequential intimate interethnic relations such as partnerships. Our findings extend the scholarly debate on the role of symbolic boundaries in social interactions between ethnic groups by yet another important boundary maker — accent.

This conceptual article proposes an approach to ethical consumption which is an alternative to "political consumerism". By illuminating the aspects typically overlooked in political consumerism research, it re-embeds individualized ethical consumption in (1) the broader movement, (2) the communicative process, and (3) the social context. By adopting the notion of "ethical trade" it decenters individualized consumption as the exclusive way of enacting ethics in the marketplace, and by focusing on communication, it turns the spotlight away from individual consumers and onto organizations. Drawing extensively on communication studies, it is proposed that the main function of ethical trade organizations is to mediate between the geographically separated consumers and producers. Furthermore, greater sensitivity to the social context is introduced by distinguishing between two modes of mediation: "mediated familiarity" (the transmission of factual knowledge and the construction of affinity) and "moral education" (the subjectification of consumers who consider their impact on "distant others") ; Peer reviewed

The final paper presents the analyses of theoretical and practical methods of space organisation forms. The aim is to find out what forms of space organisation can support communal living. The work consists of four parts. The first part examines the concept of community and its role in society, trying to evaluate its influence on an individual's life and social environment. The second part examines theoretical considerations in examining the impact of the city as a complexity, a space of differences and diversity on human life and its adaptation. The third part examines architectural case studies of the 7th -9th decade of XXth century and the 1st-2nd decade of XXIst century, with an aim to analyse the development of forms of spatial organisation (supporting community life) in a changing social, political and economic context. In the last part, after summarising the theoretical and practical aspects, the conclusions and recommendations of the final work are formed.

This article focuses on a particular aspect of media capture theory: advertising as a means of financing media outlets in a transitional democracy such as Iraqi Kurdistan. Its aim is to investigate the extent to which various social actors attempt to capture news media by choosing to provide financial support to some and withhold it from others through their allocation of advertisements and announcements. We report on the findings of a quantitative content analysis of the ads published in six major weekly and daily newspapers in the five-year period from 2014 through 2018 (N = 11,112). These findings provide information on the linkages between media organizations and powerful social actors within a nontransparent media environment, and shed new light on the nature and profile of both "partisan" and "independent" media outlets. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results with regard to the state of media capture in Iraqi Kurdistan.

The final paper presents the analyses of theoretical and practical methods of space organisation forms. The aim is to find out what forms of space organisation can support communal living. The work consists of four parts. The first part examines the concept of community and its role in society, trying to evaluate its influence on an individual's life and social environment. The second part examines theoretical considerations in examining the impact of the city as a complexity, a space of differences and diversity on human life and its adaptation. The third part examines architectural case studies of the 7th -9th decade of XXth century and the 1st-2nd decade of XXIst century, with an aim to analyse the development of forms of spatial organisation (supporting community life) in a changing social, political and economic context. In the last part, after summarising the theoretical and practical aspects, the conclusions and recommendations of the final work are formed.

The development of English language learning in any country is interdependent with its socio-cultural experiences. Learning is determined by the social, historical, economic, political, and cultural dimensions of its context. This study aims to explore the socio-cultural challenges of teaching English in a remote area. It was conducted in Pemana Island (East Nusa Tenggara) using the ethnography exploration. Pemana is one of the Indonesian government's target locations for a teaching program to improve educational quality and overcome the problem of limited number of teachers in remote areas. This program involves bachelor degree holders of English being deployed to teach in the frontier, outlying and underdeveloped region. Several challenges of English teaching and learning emerge due to socio-cultural aspects. These include the economic situation of the society, the community beliefs about English teaching, and the ill-fitting curriculum with the social condition. The teaching implications are then discussed here.

This essay argues that bringing Marxist and Jungian thought together can be surprisingly fruitful. While both traditions are ultimately concerned with human flourishing, they focus on different aspects of reality which would need to be combined for genuine emancipation: the social and the individual, the conscious and the unconscious, objectivity and subjectivity, modernity and ancestrality, science and spirituality. After briefly discussing divergences and convergences between the two authors, I present fragments of a Jungian-Marxian anthropology, around the depth of social struggles, the relations between ideology and archetypes, the psychic costs of capitalism, and Degrowth as the possible political project of this synthesis. If one takes human and nonhuman flourishing seriously, one can only go post-capitalist and seek to reorganize society around a slower pace, a simpler life, and more sharing and caring. The essay ends with a plea to bring back the soul to the core of radical activism.

Although COVID-19 prevention is effective through social management, long-term implementation of lockdown has resulted in unemployment, an economic downturn, disrupting casual social activities, and creating anarchy. It is difficult to answer the question "Health or Economy" directly, especially for developing countries like Bangladesh. The researcher' tried to excavate how people responded with the misinformation and harmful aspects of improvident information on this pandemic accompanied by the economic crisis. The impending recession could be avoided by setting economic priority and effective policy response for the poor and vulnerable segment of the population. In this paper, the researcher used nethnography, shadow observation, and focus group discussion by video conferencing along with content analysis of print and electronic media to gain insights into the study. This paper will help governments and their partners to understand how the communities acted upon their communications and to prioritize contingency measures in crisis and post-crisis recession.

The final paper presents the analyses of theoretical and practical methods of space organisation forms. The aim is to find out what forms of space organisation can support communal living. The work consists of four parts. The first part examines the concept of community and its role in society, trying to evaluate its influence on an individual's life and social environment. The second part examines theoretical considerations in examining the impact of the city as a complexity, a space of differences and diversity on human life and its adaptation. The third part examines architectural case studies of the 7th -9th decade of XXth century and the 1st-2nd decade of XXIst century, with an aim to analyse the development of forms of spatial organisation (supporting community life) in a changing social, political and economic context. In the last part, after summarising the theoretical and practical aspects, the conclusions and recommendations of the final work are formed.

This paper will consider the growing Islamist opposition to Anwar Sadat's presidency in Egypt in the 1970s. It will explore the tenets for what became an extreme dimension of Islamism in the form of groups like Takfir wal-Hijrah and Egyptian Jihad, the latter being the organization of Sadat's assassin Khalid Islambouli. This is done by tracing the ideological and social trajectories of Islamism in the country, and this paper engages with the thought of figures like Abd-as-Salam Faraj and Sayyid Qutb along with commentaries on their social and theological influence. Sadat's own public comportment, policies like his Infitah (open door), and the accompanying sociological changes and economic malaise prompted a turn to Islamism and its potent ideological aspects by a disillusioned youth. In considering the interplay between ideology, structural realities, and Sadat's government's policies, this paper will demonstrate how the pervasive anti-Sadat sentiment from a crucial part of Egyptian society was realized.

This article offers a reading of Plato in light of the recent debates concerning the unique 'ontology' of International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline. In particular, this article suggests that Plato's metaphysical account of the integral connection between human individual, the domestic state, and world order can offer IR an alternative outlook to the 'political scientific' schema of 'levels of analysis'. This article argues that Plato's metaphysical conception of world order can not only provide IR theory with a way to re-imagine the relation between the human, the state, and world order. Moreover, Plato's outlook can highlight or even call into question the post-metaphysical presuppositions of contemporary IR theory in its 'borrowed ontology' from modern social science, which can in turn facilitate IR's re-interpretation of its own 'ontology' as well as its distinct contributions to the understanding of the various aspects of the social world and human life. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

This introductory article outlines how Global Political Economy and the nuanced perspectives of scholars from this interdiscipline navigate claims about the origins and consequences of, as well as responses to, the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging social scientific assessments have tended to understand the pandemic as either an entirely novel crisis ("everything has changed") or one merely extending preexisting economic and political tensions ("nothing has changed"). Early analyses of political-economic aspects of the crisis assembled in this collection instead highlight both patterns of continuity and change—and the importance of situating changes within prepandemic continuities—that have emerged during the first year of the global pandemic. This introductory article brings together suggestions by and for Global Political Economy scholars, as well as social scientists more generally, for further researching key dynamics shaping the global political economy in the COVID-19 era as it keeps unfolding and evolving.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the critical discourse of Teun A. Van Dijk's model in the Narasi Mata Najwa program. The Narasi Mata Najwa program is a strategic forum for social groups, community groups to appear and discuss the discourses presented. The Narasi Mata Najwa program often invites figures from various circles of society, both from government figures and political figures. The Narasi Mata Najwa event is a discourse formation practice. Discourse refers to social activities that take place from various backgrounds in which the language unit appears. Critical discourse analysis using Van Dijk's model includes three aspects, namely macro structure, super structure, and microstructure. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. The results of this research from Van Dijk's model examines the discourse that is used as a suggestion for opinion formation through word choice, sentence structure, and appropriate language style.Keywords: critical discourse analysis, Narasi Mata Najwa, community response