Suchergebnisse

The paper examines conflict and migration in different countries couple with the new crisis facing
global governance in battling refugee's problem. The major causes of conflict are irreconcilable differences
between political elites and rebels, bad governance and economic crunch leading to war and refugees
movement. Refugees movement have overpopulated border in some states causing socio- economic disputes
in host state sparking up confrontation between the local people and the migrants. The method used in this
research is secondary and interview of returned migrants to ascertain the patterns of treatment and problems
of migration. The study reveals that the pressure of escaping from their homeland either through war or
seeking for jobs in another country have made migrants to be confrontational whenever they get to border
that security guards are mindless of their long distance suffering. The study recommends that there should
be development centres in both developed and developing countries to accommodate migrants running away
from war-like state to stay for four years before repatriation to a place that demand their services, in doing
so, they would have save for the purpose of investment and at the same time discourage request for permanent
status in host state.

Through materialist dialectics, the article is dedicated to the study and solution of theoretical and practical questions related to the right of a person not to declare or give explanations about himself, his relatives, or close relatives. Interested here was the thorough review of the doctrinal sources of this right, the meaning and methodology of its research, the concept and content of the right of a person not to testify, the peculiarities of this right in Ukraine and in the world, its legislation, as well as its guarantee of implementation. In addition, based on the analysis of the legislation of each country, the authors identify the characteristics of the guarantee, analyze the theoretical aspects and the practical problems of granting the police and judicial authorities the right not to declare or give explanations about themselves. It is concluded that the immunity of witnesses means a set of rules that exempts certain groups of witnesses from the obligation to testify in criminal proceedings, as well as from the obligation of the witness to testify against himself. In this sense, immunity for a witness is divided into two types of imperatives: (absolute, unconditional) and device (relative, conditional).

AbstractFrom the adoption of the shipping container to coordinated trade liberalization, reductions in trade costs have propelled modern globalization. In this paper, we analyse the application of blockchain to reduce the trade costs of producing and coordinating trusted information along supply chains. Consumers, producers, and governments increasingly demand information about the quality, characteristics, and provenance of traded goods. Partially due to the risks of error and fraud, this information is costly to produce and to maintain between dispersed parties. Recent efforts have sought to overcome these costs—such as paperless trade agendas—through the application of new technologies. Our focus is on how blockchain technology can form a new decentralized economic infrastructure for supply chains by governing decentralized dynamic ledgers of information about goods as they move. We outline the potential economic consequences of blockchain supply chains before examining policy. Effective adoption faces a range of policy challenges including regulatory recognition and interoperability across jurisdictions. We propose a high‐level policy forum in the Asia‐Pacific region to coordinate issues such as open standards and regulatory compatibility.