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Abstract. This article investigates why the EU's representation in formal and informal international institutions still varies so widely. It draws on a number of case studies and, by analysing their findings in a comparative manner, makes this fragmented representation visible. It argues that institutional rules relating to both the EU and the international fora need to be considered to explain this patchwork. The weaker its legal competences and internal coordination mechanisms, and the stricter and less equal the rules of participation in international institutions, the greater the EU's inability to 'speak with one voice'. The plausibility of this claim is illustrated by various examples selected from different issue areas and international institutions of global importance.

Robert W. Cox's contribution to International Relations theory places the discipline in a transformational framework. Building on Gramsci's ideas and a variety of other sources eclectically, his theory goes beyond the neorealist statecentric framework and brings out the connections between material conditions, ideas and institutions in what he terms the formation of 'world orders'. How people organize themselves in the sphere of production not only determines their own life but also that of their states and the world order. In saying that change can come from any one of the spheres (material conditions, ideas and institutions), he denies and goes beyond the base–superstructure thesis of Marxism. Cox identifies creation of a vibrant civil society, emergence of organic intellectuals representing the marginalized, development of community-level solidarity, participatory democracy, non-violent methods of conflict resolution, pluralism and multilateralism as key elements of his transformational agenda. This essay explores Cox's main ideas relating to transformational international relations and the strategies envisaged for transformation.

"Angesichts der zunehmenden Bedeutung, welche der öffentlichen Meinung und der Bevölkerungsmeinung für die politischen Entscheidungsträger in liberalen Demokratien zukommt, überrascht es, dass die Frage, wie die öffentliche Meinung/ Bevölkerungsmeinung die politischen Entscheidungsprozesse beeinflussen und wie sie ihrerseits durch politische Kommunikation und Mobilisierung beeinflusst werden, bisher nicht systematischer untersucht worden ist. In diesem Papier wird ein konzeptueller Rahmen für ein international vergleichendes Forschungsprojekt entwickelt, der die Strategien von etablierten politischen Akteuren, Medien und Außenseitern zur Mobilisierung der öffentlichen Meinung bzw. der Bevölkerungsmeinung ins Zentrum der Analyse stellt. Aus der hier skizzierten Perspektive stellt die Mobilisierung der öffentlichen Meinung/ der Bevölkerungsmeinung das zentrale Scharnier zwischen den Bürgerinnen und Bürger einerseits und ihren Repräsentanten im politischen Entscheidungsprozess andererseits dar. Das Papier präsentiert die Grundbausteine eines akteurzentrierten Ansatzes zur Analyse dieser Zusammenhänge und benennt die themenspezifischen und nationalen Kontextbedingungen, welche die Strategien der beteiligten Akteure und ihre Wirkungen maßgeblich beeinflussen. Ohne auf Details einzugehen, werden abschließend einige Elemente eines möglichen Forschungsdesigns zur Analyse dieser Zusammenhänge skizziert." (Autorenreferat)

Der Sammelband, dessen Beiträge zumeist Ergebnis deutsch-französischer Forschungskooperation sind, will anhand ausgewählter Ausschnitte der generellen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Mikro- und Makroebene die These begründen, daß Industriebetriebe gegenwärtig in ein "post-tayloristisches Rationalisierungsdilemma" geraten, aus dem sich derzeit kein generalisierbarer Ausweg erkennen läßt. Gegenstände der vergleichenden Analyse sind die Entwicklungen der NC-Steuerung in den USA und den deutschsprachigen Ländern, die innerbetrieblichen industriellen Beziehungen in Frankreich und der Bundesrepublik sowie der Zusammenhang zwischen Stoßrichtungen rechnergestützter Fertigungsautomatisierung und Mustern der "sozialen Reproduktion technischen Personals" in der Bundesrepublik und Frankreich, wobei den mittleren technischen Qualifikationen und den sich hier durchsetzenden nationalspezifischen Formen von - vertikaler - Arbeitsteilung besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wird.

This paper explores the conceptual history of academic freedom and its emergence as a substantive right that pertains to either the academic or the university. It is suggested that historical reconceptualisations necessitated by contingent circumstance may have led to academic freedom being seen as a form of protection for those working within universities whose national legislation recognises the right to teach and research without external interference, rather than as a responsibility to the wider society or to peers in other parts of the world, who do not enjoy the privilege of that right. I explore the value of academic freedom as both right and responsibility, particularly taking into consideration the ethical implications for both at the international level in higher education.

The events taking place in Crimea since early 2014 have given rise to a number of international disputes currently pending before international courts and tribunals. Ukraine instituted inter-State proceedings against Russia before the International Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights and an unclos Annex vii Tribunal. Seven investor-State cases have been commenced against Russia. The Prosecutor of the icc is conducting preliminary examination into the crimes allegedly committed in Crimea in 2014 and afterwards. Foreign courts have also had to deal with cases related to the annexation of Crimea.
This article provides an overview of cases pending before international courts and tribunals in relation to events in Crimea. The focus is on the questions related to jurisdiction of the international courts and tribunals seized in Crimea-related cases. The study explores the limits of the jurisdiction of international courts to adjudicate disputes concerning the interpretation and application of a treaty arising in connection with a larger dispute regarding the use of force, respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. The article also discusses novel and debated jurisdiction-related matters that arise in cases brought in relation to events in Crimea. A brief description of cases heard in foreign courts is provided as well.

The paper deals with the issue of the diplomatic protection in international
law and its development through the history of the international community.
In this sense, the author investigates the practice of states regarding the
application of diplomatic protection and the steps taken by the International
Law Commission of the United Nations on the codification of this area. In
2004 International Law Commission adopted at first reading a full set of
draft articles. In this paper is presented judicial practice, especially of
the International Court of Justice, in the field of diplomatic protection in
order to evaluate whether the approach of the Court to diplomatic protection
has become more human-rights oriented in the last few years. Author presents
the development of customary law rules relating to diplomatic protection and
its transition into a whole system of rules through the work of the
International Law Commission. In this sense, these are the basic stages in
the codification of rules on diplomatic protection and the United Nations
contribution to the protection of the rights of foreign nationals. This
article points the development of universal and regional mechanisms to
protect human rights and highlights the impact of those mechanisms on
traditional measures of diplomatic protection.

Frontmatter -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- ABBREVIATIONS -- THREE STEPS WITH PETAR ŠARČEVIĆ -- IS A CONFLICT RULE FOR LIVING WILLS AND EUTHANASIA NEEDED? -- THE EVALUATION OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGES AND REGISTERED PARTNERSHIPS IN THE NETHERLANDS -- COMPETENCE OF THE COMMUNITY TO CONCLUDE THE REVISED LUGANO CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION AND THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS -- THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT AND THE PRINCIPLES OF COMITY: EVIDENCE IN TRANSNATIONAL LITIGATION -- NATIONALITY AND THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN ACROSS FRONTIERS, AND THE EXAMPLE OF INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION -- WHAT IS RIGHT AND WHAT IS WRONG IN THE ECJ'S JUDGMENT ON EUROFOOD IFSC LTD -- INTERACTION AND INTEGRATION BETWEEN THE LEGAL SYSTEMS OF HONG KONG, MACAO AND MAINLAND CHINA 50 YEARS AFTER THEIR RETURN TO CHINA -- SET-OFF AND THE ROME I PROPOSAL -- INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION IN JAPAN -- REFORM OF JAPAN'S PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: ACT ON THE GENERAL RULES OF THE APPLICATION OF LAWS -- SAME-SEX MARRIAGES, DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIPS AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: AT THE DAWN OF A NEW JURISPRUDENCE IN THE UNITED STATES -- THE HAGUE CONFERENCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN AFRICA: A PLEA FOR COOPERATION -- THE FRENCH DIPTYCH ON FOREIGN LAW: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH ITS MOST RECENT RETOUCHING -- LAW RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION IN INDIA -- CODIFICATION OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE CIVIL CODE OF QATAR -- CHINA. ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRATION CLAUSES: REMARKS ON TWO MAY 10, 2005 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME PEOPLE'S COURT OF CHINA -- GREECE. THREE RECENT GREEK CASES ON THE BRUSSELS CONVENTION -- LATVIA. TWO 2005 LATVIAN SUPREME COURT DECISIONS ON INTERNATIONAL JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE -- SPAIN. PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE CELEBRATION OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGES: DGRN OF 29 JULY 2005

Internationale Konflikte gehören zu den Gegenständen des Politikunterrichts im Lernfeld "Internationale Beziehungen". Für ihre Bearbeitung eignet sich die Methode Konfliktanalyse. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit der didaktischen Idee, den Chancen und den Herausforderungen dieser Unterrichtsmethode an einem konkreten Unterrichtsbeispiel für die Sekundarstufe I, der Konfliktanalyse Nordkorea-Krise, auseinander.