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Examines biographical, national, & political influences on Meindert Fennema's committed, Marxist-informed yet nondogmatic body of work. His perspectives on networks & their relation to policy formation demonstrates his debt to Gramsci; Gordon K. Lewis's work on the Caribbean was also a key influence on Fennema's views about the semi-autonomy of ideas & the importance of race & colonialism. Like Eric Voegelin, Fennema posits ideas as a vital aspect of the development of political/democratic thought. His more recent work focuses on the emergence of the nationalistic, xenophobic right in European politics & the tensions between postmodernism's privilege of difference & democratic struggle. The reviewer ultimately concludes that Fennema's opus on political theory is creatively & intellectually vibrant despite the lack of metaphysical grounding for the Enlightenment principles on which the work draws. K. Coddon

Dana Desa (Village Fund) Program is targetting equal economic growth based on bottom up wealth growth. Constrastly, in its practice, there are some problems due its effect on program responsibility and on socio-political relation. Based on Theory of Fiscal Decentralization, this paper presenting the practice of Dana Desa Program in Desa Bajo, Soromandi, Bima, Province of NusaTenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara/NTB). We found that the effect of democracy capacity weakness that causing low government capacity as main source of the problems. Instead of gaining its aims, Dana Desa is trigging political and governmental problems in Desa Bajo. Low democracy capacity as the main source of the problemms, caused by internal and external factors i.e. political culture, institutional framework as well as factor of political actors and political institutions.

Front Cover; Politics and Education: Cases from Eleven Nations; Copyright Page; Preface; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. The Symbiotic Linking of Politics and Education; Meanings Assigned to Education and Politics; A Model of Politics-Education Interaction; Functions of Influence; Strategies for Exerting Influence; Conclusion; PART I: STRATEGIES FOR USING EDUCATION TO ACHIEVE POLITICAL ENDS; Chapter 2. WEST GERMANY: Educational Policy as Compensatory Legitimation; The Erosion of Legitimacy and the State's Response; Strategies of Compensatory Legitimation in West German Educational; Policy.

Can political theorists justify their ideas? Do sound political theories need foundations? What constitutes a well-justified argument in political discourse? Don Herzog attempts to answer these questions by investigating the ways in which major theorists in the Anglo-American political tradition have justified their views. Making use of a wide range of primary texts, Herzog examines the work of such important theorists as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, the utilitarians (Jeremy Bentham, J. S. Mill. Henry Sidgwick, J. C. Harsanyi, R. M. Hare, and R. B. Brandt), David Hume, and Adam Smith. Herzog argues that Hobbes, Locke, and the utilitarians fail to justify their theories because they try to ground the volatile world of politics in immutable aspects of human nature, language, theology, or rationality. Herzog concludes that the works of Adam Smith and David Hume offer illuminating examples of successful justifications. Basing their political conclusions on social contexts, not on abstract principles, Hume and Smith develop creative solutions to given problems.

ONE IMPORTANT ASPECT OF BRITISH CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY IS A WIDELY HELD BELIEF THAT JUDGES ARE POLITICALLY NEUTRAL AND THAT THE JUDICIAL PROCESS IS, AND SHOULD BE, SET APART FROM POLITICS. ONE CONSEQUENCE OF THIS IS THAT JUDGES ARE FREQUENTLY DEPLOYED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DAY TO PRESIDE OVER INDEPENDENT INQUIRIES INTO MATTERS WHICH HAVE AROUSED PUBLIC CONCERN, SUCH AS POLITICAL CORRUPTION.

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- In the Beginning… -- Strike 1 -- An Ingenious Behavior-Shifting Machine -- Deciding What You'll See (or Not See) in This World -- Creating a New Religion That's Above the Law -- Putting Children in Harm's Way (Purposely) -- Strike 2 -- Stealing Privacy Through Surveillance Capitalism -- Facebook Patents 24/7 Spying Technology -- Dark Pattern Tactics Reminiscent of the Stasi -- Fake News, or Fake Medium? -- Google Is Pronounced Obama in Klingon -- What's Larger-the Amazon, or Amazon? -- Strike 3 -- The Fastest Descent of Any Industry in History -- The Leftist Dog Whistle of "Hate Speech" -- Turning Algorithmic Artillery on the Homeland -- Using Fake News to "Fight" Fake News -- The Algorithmic Art of Skewing Political Searches -- PragerU v. YouTube-Taking the Censors to Court -- A Detailed Study of the Impacts of Facebook Censorship -- US Congress Members Selectively Targeted by Facebook -- Google Crushing Competition, Restraining Trade -- Twitter Burying the Tweets of Political Opponents -- Enforcing Censorship-For Tech Tyrants, It Begins At Home -- The Ignored Flood of Big Tech Censorship -- The Stealth Takeover by the "Four Comma Club" -- The Withering of Freedom and Liberty -- Out to the Woodshed -- Business Ain't Beanbag or Baseball, but Three Strikes You're Out -- Forces Assembling for Change -- Big Tech Tyrants Try to Sue for Peace -- The Common Sense Case for Breaking 'Em Up -- Trust-Busting: Forgotten Formula for Innovation and Progress -- Some Ways to Make the Game Right -- Endnotes -- About the Authors.

The authors of the article state that the development of precariat is a social phenomenon produced by the neoliberal political and economic project, for the scientific analysis of which both worldwide and in Lithu- ania, according to the authors, insufficient attention is paid. The article introduces a qualitative analysis reviewing the formation and develop- ment of precariat, as a comparatively new qualitative economic-social phenomenon. The influence of this phenomenon for various areas of the societal life has not raised any doubts recently, yet they have huge influence on such areas as closer and more distant work environment, the opportunities of social dialogue and social security of employees. Theoretically it is not clear if the development of precariat should be considered as the formation of "some kind of class" with its own attrib- utes, or "work status", where an employee is merely short of a number of things within his work environment and his social security rights are not ensured. Even though for some "voluntary" precariat representatives such unstable, "unbound" situation associates with the "economics of happiness", for many members of involuntary precariat it marks a much greater exploitation by the employers, less security, "dequalification" and worse rights in the area of social security. At the end of the article the authors provide their conclusions and pro- posals regarding the issues related to the undefined status of precariat, as well as possible solutions. Increasing the scope of social security and the ensuring the guarantees of self-employed is one of the measures in socially oriented countries to solve the issues related to the precariat. Allocation of basic, universal income for all residents is one of the pos- sibly effective measures in improving the situation of precariat and other residents and ensuring social safeness in modern world. Another needed measure for overcoming the negative conditions of precarious- ness is effective social work with its reviving of values of life and people abilities by means of social services in the present world. Social work with its professional and ethical strength can enable the necessary "par- ticipative" and "empowerment" changes in policy and politics on the local, national and international levels and development towards social cohesion and sustainability in society.

The authors of the article state that the development of precariat is a social phenomenon produced by the neoliberal political and economic project, for the scientific analysis of which both worldwide and in Lithu- ania, according to the authors, insufficient attention is paid. The article introduces a qualitative analysis reviewing the formation and develop- ment of precariat, as a comparatively new qualitative economic-social phenomenon. The influence of this phenomenon for various areas of the societal life has not raised any doubts recently, yet they have huge influence on such areas as closer and more distant work environment, the opportunities of social dialogue and social security of employees. Theoretically it is not clear if the development of precariat should be considered as the formation of "some kind of class" with its own attrib- utes, or "work status", where an employee is merely short of a number of things within his work environment and his social security rights are not ensured. Even though for some "voluntary" precariat representatives such unstable, "unbound" situation associates with the "economics of happiness", for many members of involuntary precariat it marks a much greater exploitation by the employers, less security, "dequalification" and worse rights in the area of social security. At the end of the article the authors provide their conclusions and pro- posals regarding the issues related to the undefined status of precariat, as well as possible solutions. Increasing the scope of social security and the ensuring the guarantees of self-employed is one of the measures in socially oriented countries to solve the issues related to the precariat. Allocation of basic, universal income for all residents is one of the pos- sibly effective measures in improving the situation of precariat and other residents and ensuring social safeness in modern world. Another needed measure for overcoming the negative conditions of precarious- ness is effective social work with its reviving of values of life and people abilities by means of social services in the present world. Social work with its professional and ethical strength can enable the necessary "par- ticipative" and "empowerment" changes in policy and politics on the local, national and international levels and development towards social cohesion and sustainability in society.

Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- About the Contributors -- Introduction to the Series: Postqualitative, New Materialist and Critical Posthumanist Research -- Foreword -- The Trouble With "We" -- Hydrofeminism -- We Are for Water -- Traveling Concepts: Hydrofeminism as a Methodology for Specificity and Connection -- Notes -- Acknowledgements -- Ocean Home -- 1 Hydrofeminist Scholarship and Activisms In/on/with South African Oceans and Shores -- Introduction -- Philosophical and Methodological Framings -- This Volume - a Local Focus On Oceans/a Watery Genealogy -- Concluding Thoughts -- References -- 2 When Ancestors Are Included in Ocean Decision- and Meaning-Making -- The Judgement -- Evidence Hierarchies and New Opportunities -- Positionality and Intentions -- The Ancestral Realm and the Cleansing Quality of Sea Water -- Indlela Yokuphila -- Final Thoughts -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 3 Collaborative Innovations Into Pedagogies of Care for South African Hydrocommons -- Diving in -- Floating, Surfacing and Reclaiming -- Mouthbow -- Strandlooping/swimming With the Tides and Weaving Stories Through Hydro-Rugging -- Drifting Thoughts -- Notes -- References -- 4 Surfing as a Space for Activism and Change: What Could Surfing Be(come)? -- Introduction -- Revisiting Surfing's Past in the Present -- Environmentalism and Surfer Activism -- Becomings (1): Creating Safe Surfing Spaces -- Becomings (2): Playfulness as Community-Building -- Becomings (3): Alternative Gear and Styles -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Note -- References -- 5 Mobilising More-Than-Human Aesthetics: Becoming Octopus as Pedagogical Praxis -- Introduction: Learning the Oceanic Uncanny -- Becoming Octopus 1: Distributed Subjectivity.

The changes that have affected all spheres of society have also affected the existing stereotypes of gender behaviour, so the issue of the place and role of men and women in society focuses on research on the aspirations, interests and preferences of both sexes. Gender issues are studied in an interdisciplinary aspect, so recently there have been many studies in which the subject of discussion concerns different fields of science - psychology, philosophy, linguistics, journalism, sociology, political science and many others. To study the gender sphere of concept of contemporary periodicals for women and men, the following scientific methods are considered: descriptive method, analysis, content analysis, questionnaire, comparative method and induction. However, an attempt has been made to analyze different approaches to the study of concepts (in particular, gender). There are many different definitions of the concept, which indicates the complexity and ambiguity of the "concept" meaning, but there is a limit to the scientific description and understanding of the concept. The gender sphere of concept is a system of interactions of maximum concepts of man and woman, as well as their derivatives, which are called gender and social roles in society performed by man and woman. Concepts, sphere of concept include gender features, which allow a gender approach to study the gender sphere of concept of contemporary periodicals for women and men. The study of the gender sphere of concept within the framework of contemporary gender-labelled publications allows to identify and correlate metagender and gender concepts that appear in society.

Intro -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The Concept of Human Well-Being -- What Do We Know About Human Well-Being? -- Subjective Well-Being -- Objective Well-Being -- Domestic and International Determinants of Human Well-Being -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part I: Domestic Determinants -- Chapter 2: Political Representation -- Political Parties as Representational Actors -- Political Representation and Human Well-Being -- Case Narrative: Brazil -- Empirical Analyses -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Governance -- Good Governance and Human Well-Being -- Bureaucratic Quality -- Corruption -- Rule of Law -- Governance, Political Regimes, and Human Well-Being -- Case Narrative: Japan -- Empirical Analyses -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: International Determinants -- Chapter 4: Globalization -- Globalization: Inception and Phases -- Globalization and Human Well-Being -- Economic Globalization -- Social Globalization -- Political Globalization -- Case Narrative: China -- Empirical Analyses -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Conflict -- Conflict and Human Well-Being -- Case Narrative: Iraq -- Empirical Analyses -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Conclusion: Concluding Remarks, Policy Implications, and Future Research -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B: KOF Index of Globalization -- References -- Index

"Opting Out of the European Union European integration continues to deepen despite major crises and attempts to take back sovereignty. A growing number of member states are reacting to a more constraining EU by negotiating opt-outs. This book provides the first in-depth account of how opt-outs work in practice. It examines the most controversial cases of differentiated integration: the British and Danish opt- outs from Economic and Monetary Union and European policies on borders, asylum, migration, internal security and justice. Drawing on over one hundred interviews with national representatives and EU officials, the author demonstrates how representatives manage the stigma of opting out, allowing them to influence even political sensitive areas covered by their opt- outs. Developing a practice approach to European integration, the book shows how everyday negotiations transform national interests into European ideals. It is usually assumed that states opt out to preserve sovereignty, but Adler-Nissen argues that national opt-outs may actually reinforce the integration process"--

This review essay focusses on Gelderloos's normative theory of diversity of tactics. The book is worth serious attention by political theorists because of its sustained analysis of violence, nonviolence, tactics and strategy, but the normative theory fails. The essay endorses Gelderloos's nuanced analysis of the violence-nonviolence distinction and aspects of his account of tactics-strategy-goals. But the concepts 'state' and 'politics' are both treated by him in an overly simple way. Although aspects of his account show how complex any state-society distinction is, in other contexts he suggests that it is easy for actors to divide state enemies from oppressed society friends. He rejects politics as the capture of state power for dominating and self-interested purposes, and dismisses all other aspects of political power, institutions and relationships. He thereby denies any role for politics in the sustainability of the anarchist activism he wishes to defend and endorse. In particular his disavowal of any political power base to coalitions, means that coalitional action can only be depicted as evanescent and episodic, while anarchist action is premissed on putting fellow actors who are not comrades beyond the realm of care of concern.

Political linguistics as a branch of linguistics studies the issues of political communication and their relationship with the socio-political processes. The need to ensure proper understanding of information provided by politicians in their speeches, specification of the aspects emphasized in political speeches, creation of certain attitudes in the society and many different problems led to identification of political linguistics as a separate research area, which stands out from the General scientific discipline of linguistics. This allocation occurred as the result of peculiarities of the ways of communication.