Suchergebnisse

в монографии анализируются положения действующего законодательства в сфере информационной безопасности. Обосновывается актуальность проблемы обеспечения информационной безопасности в современной России. Анализируются концептуальные теоретические подходы к определению понятия информационной безопасности ; а также положения действующего законодательства в сфере информационной безопасности. Уделяется внимание анализу факторов обеспечения информационной безопасности в Российской Федерации. ; the monograph analyzes the provisions of the current legislation in the field of information security. The urgency of the problem of ensuring information security in modern Russia is substantiated. Conceptual theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of information security ; as well as provisions of the current legislation in the field of information security are analyzed. Attention is paid to the analysis of factors ensuring information security in the Russian Federation.

Debates over the remote and beguiling Southern Kuril Islands have revealed a kaleidoscope of divergent and contradictory ideas, convictions, and beliefs on what constitutes the "national" identity of post-Soviet Russia. Forming part of an archipelago stretching from Kamchatka to Hokkaido, administered by Russia but claimed by Japan, these disputed islands offer new perspectives on the ways in which territorial visions of the nation are refracted, inverted, and remade in a myriad of different ways. At the Edge of the Nation provides a unique account of how the Southern Kurils have shaped the parameters of the Russian state and framed debates on the politics of identity in the post-Soviet era. By shifting the debate beyond a proliferation of Eurocentric and Moscow-focused writings, Paul B. Richardson reveals broad alternatives and possibilities for Russian identity in Asia. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, when Russia was suffering the fragmentation of empire and a sudden decline in its international standing, these disputed islands became symbolic of a much larger debate on self-image, nationalism, national space, and Russia's place in world politics. When viewed through the prism of the Southern Kurils, ideas associated with the "border," "state," and "nation" become destabilized, uncovering new insights into state-society relations in modern Russia. At the Edge of the Nation explores how disparate groups of political elites have attempted to use these islands to negotiate enduring tensions within Russia's identity, and traces how the destiny of these isolated yet evocative islands became irrecoverably bound to the destiny of Russia itself

Issues related to the transparency and conciseness of the interpretation of provisions of legislation of the Russian Federation do not cease to be relevant, as in the practice of applying these provisions various questions of interpretation and implementation still arise. This article discusses the issue of the release from custody of persons sentenced to imprisonment in various situations. The need for this consideration is due to the lack of direct action provisions in legislation that provides for an accurate and unambiguous solution to issues related to the need to release prisoners sentenced to imprisonment, the term of punishment of which has been set by the court of first instance expired before the sentence comes into force. The purpose of the article is to describe possible situations and to propose solutions in the frame of ambiguity of interpretation. This study gives an idea of the possible practical situations that arise for various reasons (due to inaccuracy of sentencing, omission in the decision on the pre-trial restriction and other incidents). The work analyzes in detail the provisions governing the indicated issue and defines an exhaustive list of entities authorized, if there are appropriate grounds, to decide on the release of these persons, peculiarities and means of resolving problematic issues. One of the most important situations is when the term of detention expires before the sentence comes into force, and the court of first instance when pronouncing the sentence in violation of the requirements of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, did not specify that the pre-trial restriction before the sentence takes effect remains the same, thereby not resolving the issue of release of a convicted person. The authors specify the necessary algorithm of actions in such practical situations. In conclusion , the article indicates the misregulating of some issues related to the release from custody of persons sentenced to imprisonment, including due to possible unintentional cases of entities whose competence includes issues about the extension or change of the pre-trial restriction and it is proposed to introduce clarifying provisions into the legislation.

The war in Georgia. Tensions with Ukraine and other nearby countries. Moscow's bid to consolidate its ""zone of privileged interests"" among the Commonwealth of Independent States. These volatile situations all raise questions about the nature of and prospects forRussia's relations with its neighbors.In this book, Carnegie scholar Dmitri Trenin argues that Moscow needs to dropthe notion of creating an exclusive power center out of the post-Soviet space. Like other former European empires, Russia will need to reinvent itself as a global player andas part of a wider community.Tr

The article discusses the energy security of the Russian Federation in the context of aspects of national security. The transnational level of energy security is investigated, where global risks are taken into account. Attention is drawn to the unfriendly actions of actors who are unfriendly to the Russian Federation (on the example of the construction of the Nord Stream). Moreover, the blocking of certain sections of the Nord Stream is no longer correlated with economic expediency, the prevention of Moscow's hegemony in the energy sector by the EU. The article concludes about reputational, economic and economic losses for Russia after the explosions on the Nord Stream-1 and Nord Stream-2 in September 2022. There is also a threat to Russia's security from Turkey's dependence in the event of the full implementation of the Turkish Stream, which will play a key role in the supply of resources between the Russian Federation and the EU. A possible change in the political course of the Turkish authorities in favor of Russia may affect the general background of contacts between Moscow and Brussels. The paper examines the regulatory framework for energy security (the Energy Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 and 2035). Among the key areas of energy security, it can be noted: the guarantee of energy security, satisfaction of domestic energy demand; rational use of natural resources; gradual transition to resource-saving energy. At the same time, the analysis of internal risks allows us to draw conclusions about significant equipment wear, a sharp reduction in the volume of geological exploration, high energy intensity, and a decrease in investments in the fuel and energy sector. Russia demonstrates long-term plans both to expand energy contacts and to deepen dialogue in the energy sector. Based on these problems and risks, the prospects for energy security should be built in accordance with such directions as: economic efficiency and political stabilization.

The Helsinki Final Act of 1975, that concluded the first Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, reaffirmed the fundamental principle of renouncing the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. Through this agreement, the Soviet Union gained the implicit recognition of the 'sphere of influence' that was determined in Eastern Europe after the end of World War II. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a series of conflicts arose between the Russian Federation and its neighbors, some of which are members of the European Union or participate in the European Neighbourhood Policy. Some of these conflicts were fought at the kinetic level, some otherthrough the resort to hybrid warfare, a blend of traditional and irregular tactics that makes overt and covert use of a wide range of tools: military and civilian, conventional and unconventional, including information and influence operations. This paper aims to investigate the hybrid warfare strategy carried out by the Russian Federation in the confrontation with the European Union to regain dominance in its contested neighbourhood: the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), Ukraine (Crimea and Donbass, i.e. Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics), Georgia (South Ossetia and Abkhazia) and Moldova (Transnistria).

The article is the result of an analysis of factors in the formation of collective identity at points of economic growth. Thalassocratic tendencies that determine the identity of residents of port cities are of particular interest for socio-political research. The Russian Federation has access to sea communications from the north, south, west and east. An assessment of thalassocratic trends in the USA, Canada, Germany and Turkey allows us to assume that the unified identity that emerged during the Soviet period will not retain its integrity. The political activity of the population in the port cities of the Russian Far East will take on different characteristics than in the cities of the continental part. The work used: a comparative method necessary to identify qualitative differences between local and regional thalassocratic and tellurocratic identities. Particular attention is paid to aspects that determine the presence, possible manifestation and dynamics of the formation of signs of thalassocratic identity in the south of the Russian Far East.

The article aims at studying the legal nature and essence of local self-government bodies in the Russian Federation as exemplified by the theoretical and legal comprehension of the historical aspects of forming local self-government bodies. The article uses the methods of induction and systemic scientific analysis, as well as comparative-legal and historical methods. The authors of the article proved that the implementation of the principles of local self-government in the Russian state apparatus became effective since it is based on objective economic, political and social prerequisites and conditions. As a result, all cities and rural settlements became municipalities.Keywords: Local self-government; Constitution; Municipal authority; Municipal structure; Human rights. Badan Pemerintahan Lokal di Rusia: Kebijakan Pembentukan dan Pengembangan AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat hukum dan esensi dari badan-badan Pemerintahan Lokal di Federasi Rusia, sebagaimana yang dicontohkan oleh pemahaman teoretis dan hukum dari aspek-aspek sejarah pembentukan badan-badan pemerintahan lokal sendiri. Artikel ini menggunakan metode induksi dan analisis ilmiah sistemik, serta metode komparatif-hukum dan historis. Penulis artikel membuktikan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip pemerintahan lokal sendiri di aparatur negara Rusia menjadi efektif karena didasarkan pada prasyarat dan kondisi ekonomi, politik dan sosial yang objektif. Akibatnya, semua kota dan pemukiman pedesaan menjadi kotamadya.Kata Kunci: Pemerintahan Daerah Lokal; Konstitusi; Otoritas Kota; Struktur Kota; Hak Asasi Manusia.Органы местного самоуправления в России: Политика формирования и развития АннотацияСтатья направлена на изучение правовой природы и сущности органов местного самоуправления в Российской Федерации на примере теоретико-правового осмысления исторических аспектов формирования органов местного самоуправления. В статье используются методы индукции и системного научного анализа, а также сравнительно-правовой и исторический методы. Автор статьи доказал, что реализация принципов местного самоуправления в российском государственном аппарате стала эффективной, поскольку основывается на объективных экономических, политических и социальных предпосылках и условиях. В результате все города и сельские поселения стали муниципалитетами.Ключевые слова: Местное самоуправление; Конституция; Муниципальная власть; Муниципальное устройство; Права человека.

"The book emphasizes the region as such and its complex security challenges, seen in a longer-term perspective. Security is conceived of in the classical sense yet with a clear understanding of its links to the broader aspects."--BOOK JACKET. "Throughout the book, relations between the three Baltic states and Russia are, naturally, the centre of attention. The interaction of this conflict group both internally and with other states in the region is examined with regard to its Russian, Nordic and European aspects. The concluding chapter examines the issues in light of three philosophical traditions in the study of international politics."--Jacket

The thesis analyses how, if at all, accession to international standards makes a difference to national minorities in Russia in the advancement of their cultural rights, focusing on the period 2000-2011. It further analyses the factors that influence particular forms of implementation of international standards. The study uses data from semi-structured interviews, as well as from legislation, legal judgements and Council of Europe documents. It focuses on three minorities as case studies: the Karelians, Mordovians and Tatars. The research is divided into three parts: 1) Practice and Law, investigating how the specific characteristics of the Russian domestic legal environment and of the relevant international standards generate a particular type of dynamics between the two; 2) Homogenisation, examining whether international standards can suspend or reverse Russia's culturally homogenising tendencies since the 2000s; 3) Exclusion, investigating to what extent, if at all, international standards may modify the dynamics of majority-minority relations by facilitating the introduction of a form of participation that is effective, in the area of decision- and policy-making on minorities' cultural rights. The thesis concludes that the role of international standards in the area of minorities' cultural rights is restricted in scope in Russia. Two sets of reasons are identified. First, specific features of Russian politics and society: (i) Russia's selective implementation of international law; (ii) the alternation of localism and centralism; (iii) Russia's homogenising centralisation and 'managed diversity'; (iv) the absence of guarantees for the upholding of minorities' participatory rights, resulting in fictitious forms of participation. The second set of reasons relate to the complexities and weaknesses of international standards on minority rights themselves.