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Argues that the democratic constitutional state cannot address the current ecological crisis because it cannot apply its two main strengths to the problem. To understand this failure, the concepts of constitutional democracy & the ecological crisis are reviewed, & the dilemma is illustrated drawing on the case of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is contended that, because other political orders do not present viable alternatives, the current state must be reformed to deal with ecological problems. Specific institutional proposals, eg, the ecological council, are analyzed, & it is concluded that the constitution must be amended to develop an "ecological New Deal" in which individual freedoms are balanced with national conservation. E. Munson

Part I: Constitutional design, amendment, and interpretation --Public participation, representative elites and technocrats in constitution-making processes : Nigeria, Uganda, South Africa and Kenya /Abrak Saati --Constitutional amendment and term limit evasion in Africa /Tom Ginsburg, Adem K. Abebe, and Rosalind Dixon --Constitutional review in Africa /Markus Böckenförde --Political party constitutionalisation in Africa : trends and prospects for deepening constitutionalism /Charles Fombad --Part II: Constitutional structure : deocratization and taming the executive --Democratic constitutional transitions in sub-Saharan Africa /Duncan M. Okubasu --Federalism, devolution and territorially based cleavages in Africa /Assefa Fiseha --Regulating the exercise of public power through law : a first glance at comparative administrative law/justice in Africa /Hugh Corder --Constitutional responses to corruption in Africa /Selemani Kinyunyu --Part III: Constitutional rights and freedoms --Constitutions, freedom of expression, internet shutdowns, social media and defamation laws in Africa /Mugambi Laibuta --Constitutional protection of socio-economic rights in Africa /Magnus Killander --Constitutional regulation of religion in Africa /Johan D. van der Vyver --Traditional kingdoms and modern constitutions : parochialism, patriarchy, and despotism vs. indigenous safeguards against absolutism /Jan Erk --Part IV: Constitutions and suprnational law --Africanization of constitutional law /Micha Wiebusch.

Joint resolution introduced by the Texas House of Representatives and Senate proposing a constitutional amendment relating to legislative authority to permit credit unions and other financial institutions to award prizes by lot to promote savings.

Joint resolution introduced by the Texas House of Representatives and Senate proposing a constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to exempt from ad valorem taxation precious metal held in a precious metal depository located in this state.

Fraus legis – defrauding or evading the application of law – is a phenomenon well-known to students of private law, but its application in public law, including constitutional law, remains largely unconsidered. To consider whether a transaction, or, it is submitted, an enactment, is an instance of fraus legis, an interpreter must have regard to the substance and not merely the form of an enactment. In 2018 Parliament resolved to amend section 25 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) to allow government to expropriate property without being required to pay compensation. While the public and legal debate has since before that time been concerned with "expropriation without compensation", the draft Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Bill, 2019 provides instead for expropriation where "the amount of compensation is nil". By the admission of Parliament's legal services unit, this is a distinction without a difference. But compensation and expropriation are legally and conceptually married, and as a result, it would be impermissible to expropriate without compensation – instead, nil compensation will be "paid". How does this current legal affair comport with the substance over form principle, and is fraus legis at play? This article considers the application of the fraus legis phenomenon to public law, utilising the contemporary case study of the Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Bill.

Includes special sessions in 1920-21. ; Title varies slightly. ; Includes special sessions in 1920-21. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Issued by the Secretary of State.

Abstract Using the Preamble of the Indonesian Constitution namely the 1945 Constitution as a case study, this paper aims to answer an important question i.e. what are the functions of the Preamble? It argues that the functions of the 1945 Constitutional Preamble vary from time to time. In the Old Order and the New Order governments, the Preamble enjoyed its highest status but it somehow lacked of legal binding. In recent years, particularly after the recent constitutional amendments, the status of the Preamble arguably shifted from lacked of legal binding to have legal binding status. This shift is primarily because of the recent constitutional amendments. Intisari Dengan menggunakan Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 sebagai studi kasus, artikel ini bermaksud menjawab sebuah pertanyaan penting yaitu apa fungsi sebuah pembukaan? Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa fungsi dari Pembukaan UUD 1945 berbeda dari waktu ke waktu. Pada masa Orde Lama dan Orde Baru, Pembukaan mendapatkan tempat tertinggi. Namun pada saat yang sama ia tidak sepenuhnya mempunyai kekuatan mengikat secara hukum. Sejak perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 pada tahun 1999-2002, status Pembukaan berubah dari yang sebelumnya tidak sepenuhnya mempunyai daya ikat menjadi mempunyai kekuatan mengikat secara hukum. Hal ini sebagai konsekuensi dari perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar.