Suchergebnisse

This article examines the significance of the Legislation Law (lifa fa), passed by the National People's Congress (NPC) in March 2000. The Legislation Law represents an attempt by the NPC to rationalize China's legal system, establish a uniform legislative hierarchy and consolidate its authority over other important lawmaking institutions. The politics behind the Law's development therefore offer insight into the balance of power in China's lawmaking arena, revealing how key institutions – the NPC, the State Council and local people's congresses – engaged in bureaucratic bargaining over fundamental questions of their existence and authority within an evolving system. While the promulgated Law reveals the mixed results of this complex process, it also makes possible a more open and consultative legislative process by sanctioning the emergence of public legislative hearings. Now gaining currency around China, hearings are a new development and could be an important step in institutionalizing more meaningful citizen participation in the legislative process.

In this paper it is intended to give a quick bird's eye view look at the trends relating to adoption. In such a quick survey most of the details will elude us, but the broad currents will obviously come to the fore. ; peer-reviewed

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 The Principle of Peaceful Use of Outer Space: Reviewing the Scope of "Peaceful" in the Changed Context -- 2.1 The Enigma of Peaceful Use of Space -- 2.2 Exploring Evolution of the Concept of Peaceful Use of Outer Space -- 2.2.1 Peaceful Use of Space in the Pre-Sputnik Era -- 2.2.2 Crystallization of the Concept of Peaceful Use of Outer Space -- 2.3 Convolution of the Concept of Peaceful Use of Outer Space -- 2.3.1 The Genesis of Selective Interpretation of Peaceful Use of Space -- 2.3.2 Geo-Politics and Regime Formation in Space -- 2.4 Adapting Peaceful Use to Contemporary Issues -- 2.4.1 Intentional Ambiguity and Its Incorporation in Space Treaties -- 2.4.2 Contextual Assessment of the Concept of Peaceful Use of Space -- 2.4.3 Reviewing Legislative Underpinnings of the Concept of Peaceful Use of Space -- 2.4.4 UNCOPUOS: Evolving to 'Peaceful Use' in the Broader Context -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Converging Interests and International Cooperation: Solutions in International Law -- 3.1 Role of International Law in Shaping the Contours of Space Cooperation -- 3.1.1 Evolution of International Cooperation in Space -- 3.1.2 Cold War Space Treaties -- Détente to International Cooperation -- 3.1.3 Evolving Contours -- Peaceful Use to Commercial Use -- 3.1.4 The International Space Station: From State to Commercial Cooperation -- 3.2 The Legal Framework of Space Cooperation -- 3.2.1 The UN Charter and Its Scope of Application to Space Cooperation -- 3.2.2 International Cooperation and the Space Treaties -- 3.2.3 The 1996 Declaration on Space Cooperation -- 3.3 Examining Effects of Legal Mechanisms on International Space Cooperation -- 3.3.1 Resilience of Legal Mechanisms Enabling Adaptation -- 3.3.2 Adapting to Change: Commercial Cooperation.

After the global food crisis of 2007-2011, many Non-Government Organizations blamed speculators trading in commodity derivatives, viewing speculator driven high price volatility in grain markets as culpable for the disaster. Chadwick disagrees, arguing that current legal regimes bear far more responsibility for the tragedy of world hunger.

In the last few years, the boom in biobanking has prompted a lively debate on a host of interrelated legal issues, such as the Gordian knot of the ownership of biological materials, as well as privacy concerns. The latter are due to the difficulty of accepting that biological samples must be completely anonymous without making it practically impossible to exploit their information potential. The issues also include the delicate role and the changing content of the donor's "informed consent" as the main legal tool that may serve to link the privacy and property interests of donors with the research interests and the set of principles that should be at the core of the biobanking practice. Lastly, the IP issues and the patentability of biological samples as well as the protection of databases storing genetic information obtained from the samples are covered. Collecting eighteen essays written by eminent scholars from Italy, the US, the UK and Canada, this book provides new solutions to these problems. From a comparative viewpoint, it explores the extent to which digital technology may assist in tackling the numerous regulatory issues raised by the practice of biobanking for research purposes. These issues may be considered and analyzed under the traditional paradigms of Property, Privacy, Informed Consent and Intellectual Property.

This book provides a detailed and timely analysis of key regulatory and legal issues arising in the context of HIV and AIDS. The ten chapters cover the core issues central to an understanding of law and public health as concerns AIDS. Whilst the book focuses on how Nigerian law applies to HIV and AIDS, the author draws heavily on materials from other jurisdictions. There are many parallels that exist between the application of law and governance considerations in the AIDS pandemic that resonate with other infectious diseases including Covid-19, therefore the book is widely relevant to public health law in communicable disease contexts. Topics covered: overview and origin of the HIV and AIDS epidemic; legal and institutional framework of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Nigeria; human rights and the epidemic; decriminalisation of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria; HIV and AIDS and vulnerable groups; HIV and AIDS and patents; HIV and AIDS and sports; international organisations and programmes on HIV; judicial responses to HIV and AIDS; and global pandemics and control

This text examines the extent which the proliferation of military assistance on request is changing the rules governing the use of force. The author explores the authority to make these requests, particularly during civil wars where some territorial control may be lost and there is a risk of systematic violations of international humanitarian law