Suchergebnisse

Abstract. The systemic concept of national law which emerged in the XIXth century in Europe had important consequences for the definition and use of foreign law. Foreign law came to be sharply distinguished from national law, and the principle of global disunity which underlay national unifications of law meant that foreign law had to be presumed to be in conflict with national law. Private international law became a necessary form of international ordering.
This article explores the effect on such thinking of the current process of harmonization of law, which is taking place in Europe and elsewhere in the world. The reasons for this harmonization are also examined. It is argued that harmonization blurs the distinction between foreign and national law; that the presumption of conflict amongst national laws can no longer be sustained; and that current rules and principles governing the use of foreign law should therefore be re-examined, to reflect the harmonization process.
Résumé. La conception systémique de droit national qui est devenue courante au XIXe siècle avait des conséquences importantes pour la définition et l'emploi du droit étranger. Le droit étranger est devenu radicalement distinct du droit national et le principe de désunion global qui était à la base des unifications nationales du droit a mené à une présomption de conflit entre le droit national et le droit étranger. Le droit international privé est devenu un moyen essentiel de la coordination international.
Cet article examine l'effet sur ces idées du processus d'harmonisation des droits qui a lieu actuellement en Europe et dans le monde. Sont examinées aussi les raisons pour cette harmonisation. L'article suggère que l'harmonisation rend moins nette la distinction entre le droit national et le droit étranger; qu'une présomption de conflit entre les droits nationaux ne peut plus étre soutenue; et que les règles et les principes qui gouvernent l'emploi du droit étranger devraient étre ré-examinés pour mieux refleter le processus d'harmonisation.

Dieses Werk enthält Forschungsergebnisse zu Fragestellungen bezüglich der Auswirkungen von Legalitätsmaximen und der Regulierung von Machtbefugnissen in verschiedenen Rechtsbereichen aus südafrikanischer und deutscher Perspektive, die in Zusammenarbeit der Universitäten Augsburg und Johannesburg entstanden sind. Aktuelle Themen werden von Wissenschaftlern aus Deutschland eingeführt und anschließend von südafrikanischen Kollegen reflektiert. Dies führt zu einem besseren Verständnis ungeklärter Rechtsfragen beider Rechtssysteme. Mit Beiträgen von Martina Benecke, Michael Biesinger, Isabella Brosig, Jennifer Hölzlwimmer, Michael Kort, Maximilian Kübler-Wachendorff, Stefan Lorenzmeier, Thomas M.J. Möllers, Thilo Rensmann, Matthias Rossi, Wolfgang Wurmnest.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Part One: United Nations Action -- 1: Security Council Authorization -- 2: Expanding Reach of the Security Council -- 3: Implied Authorization and Intentional Ambiguity -- Part Two: Self-defence -- 4: 'Inherent Right' of Self-defence -- 5: Self-defence against Terrorism -- 6: Pre-emptive Self-defence -- Part Three: Humanitarian Intervention -- 7: Pro-Democratic Intervention -- 8: Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention -- 9: Responsibility to Protect -- Part Four: International Law during Armed Conflict -- 10: Protection of Civilians -- 11: Protection of Combatants and Prisoners of War -- 12: War Crimes Courts and Tribunals -- Epilogue: War Law and the Single Superpower -- Appendix: Charter of the United Nations, 1945 -- Further Reading -- Selected Internet Sites -- Index

The article deals with the correlation between the European Union law and international law. Constant participation of the European Union and its members in international organizations gave a rise to the need for establishment of interrelation between the sources of international law particularly international agreements and customs and sources of European Union law such as regulating agreements and acts of the EU institutions as well as necessity to identify which norms should be applied in a certain case and which hierarchical connections exist in these sources. This issue was research by numerous Ukrainian and foreign scholars such as T.V. Komarova, O.V. Plotnikov, K. Zigler, I.I. Maryniv, R. Jennigs, K. Tomushat and others. But unlike scientific research EU agreements do not have any provisions which would identify the type of relations between EU law and international law. It is also necessary to note that the only subject which position is important in this sphere is EU Court. In order to answer the mentioned questions decisions of the EU Court which had an impact on the formation of a new law and order on international level such as the one of the European Union (for example decision in case Van Gend en Loos) and decision of the Court which established fundamental positions regarding correlation of EU law and international law (for example in case Kadi v Council and Commission) were researched into. Provisions of EU regulating agreements related to international agreements and their place in the system of norms of the European Union were analyzed. To see the procedure of applying customary law in European law case law of the EU Court was researched. The article provides modern position of the EU Court regarding interaction between European and international law.