Suchergebnisse

This paper addresses open data, open governance, and disruptive/emerging technologies from the perspectives of disaster risk reduction (DRR). With an in-depth literature review of open governance, the paper identifies five principles for open data adopted in the disaster risk reduction field: (1) open by default, (2) accessible, licensed and documented, (3) co-created, (4) locally owned, and (5) communicated in ways that meet the needs of diverse users. The paper also analyzes the evolution of emerging technologies and their application in Japan. The four-phased evolution in the disaster risk reduction is mentioned as DRR 1.0 (Isewan typhoon, 1959), DRR 2.0 (the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake, 1995), DRR 3.0 (the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: GEJE, 2011) and DRR 4.0 (post GEJE). After the GEJE of 2011, different initiatives have emerged in open data, as well as collaboration/partnership with tech firms for emerging technologies in DRR. This paper analyzes the lessons from the July 2021 landslide in Atami, and draws some lessons based on the above-mentioned five principles. Some of the key lessons for open data movement include characterizing open and usable data, local governance systems, co-creating to co-delivering solutions, data democratization, and interpreting de-segregated data with community engagement. These lessons are useful for outside Japan in terms of data licensing, adaptive governance, stakeholder usage, and community engagement. However, as governance systems are rooted in local decision-making and cultural contexts, some of these lessons need to be customized based on the local conditions. Open governance is still an evolving culture in many countries, and open data is considered as an important tool for that. While there is a trend to develop open data for geo-spatial information, it emerged from the discussion in the paper that it is important to have customized open data for people, wellbeing, health care, and for keeping the balance of data privacy. The evolution of emerging technologies and their usage is proceeding at a higher speed than ever, while the governance system employed to support and use emerging technologies needs time to change and adapt. Therefore, it is very important to properly synchronize and customize open data, open governance and emerging/disruptive technologies for their effective use in disaster risk reduction.

Governance and delivery of public services are aimed at managing limited available resources to effectively deliver services to the citizens of a country. However, due to lack of coordination management, personal political gains and inclusion of politics, citizens are deprived of the required information and infrastructure. This deprivation not only results in economic losses but also causes deterioration of the state of social well-being. Indian public administration has suffered from the problem of coordination due to which in many aspects the objective of benefitting the citizens is not fulfilled. This study is focused on examining the role of coordination in the public service delivery system. By comparing the Indian public delivery service system with those of Uruguay and Georgia, this study reveals that presence of coordination among the organizations, agencies, and departments improves transparency, accessibility of information, institutional capacity, and innovativeness of a country. Hence, for effective delivery of public services to citizens, maintenance of coordination is essential.

This paper will explore whether and to what extent the (legal) rules of coordination that originated and developed in the EU can be transposed to SADC – a region characterized by high levels of migration, weakly developed social security systems and the absence of suitable portability arrangements. The principle of coordination of social security is primarily aimed at eliminating restrictions that national social security schemes place upon the rights of migrant workers to such social security. One of the fundamental principles of social security coordination is that of portability, which is the ability to preserve, maintain, and transfer vested social security rights or rights in the process of being vested, independent of nationality and country of residence. The best practice around the world to ensure portability of social security entitlements consists of multilateral and bilateral social security agreements. These agreements originated and developed in the EU, and EU coordination arrangements arguably still represent the most sophisticated and developed system of its kind, and one that is worth emulating. In this paper, it is argued that any future attempts at coordinating social security schemes in SADC should start with employment injury schemes, which is the only social security scheme common to all SADC member states. The paper considers some of the issues that should be taken into account in designing social security agreements in SADC along the lines of the EU model.

La scienza vive un tornante fondamentale della sua storia. Mai come in questo momento storico essa appare gigantesca e potente, ma allo stesso tempo manifesta profonde fragilità: la concentrazione del potere di controllo dell'informazione in capo a pochi gruppi commerciali, l'iniquità di un sistema che avvantaggia i Paesi sviluppati, la compressione dell'autonomia da parte del potere politico ed economico, la precarizzazione dei giovani ricercatori, la crescita dei casi di frode e di violazione dell'etica, la messa in discussione della sua autorevolezza da parte di una porzione del pubblico. L'apertura può essere intesa come un sistema idoneo a irrobustire la scienza e curare i mali che la affliggono? Il saggio è destinato a rispondere a questa domanda.