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This article summarizes how members of the European Healthy Cities Network have applied the 'healthy ageing' approach developed by the World Health Organization in their influential report on Active Ageing. Network Cities can be regarded as social laboratories testing how municipal strategies and interventions can help maintain the health and independence which characterise older people of the third age. Evidence of the orientation and scope of city interventions is derived from a series of Healthy Ageing Sub-Network symposia but principally from responses by 59 member cities to a General Evaluation Questionnaire covering Phase IV (2003–2008) of the Network. Cities elaborated four aspects of healthy ageing (a) raising awareness of older people as a resource to society (b) personal and community empowerment (c) access to the full range of services, and (d) supportive physical and social environments. In conclusion, the key message is that by applying healthy ageing strategies to programmes and plans in many sectors, city governments can potentially compress the fourth age of 'decrepitude and dependence' and expand the third age of 'achievement and independence' with more older people contributing to the social and economic life of a city.

The aim of the paper is to identify key factors constituting the frame of the new geopolitics. This objective will be accomplished through applying some aspects of the network approach widely use in contemporary social sciences. Use of the network metaphor enables us to capture the essence of processes and phenomena shaping the external and internal environment of political, economical and social institutions participating in global exchange. In the modern world, networks are often used as the exchange platforms enabling dynamic move of goods, ideas, values etc. Deeply involved in this exchange are: states, transnational corporations, criminal groups, terrorist networks, non-governmental organizations, global social movements and citizens organized in various associations, clubs, and unions. All of these actors meet together on interrelated planes, participating in ephemeral and permanent, single and repeated acts of exchange. Networks completely re-define the crucial concepts of traditional geopolitics. The new global reality is made of dynamic networks of power arising in economic, political, religious, criminal, charity and terrorist fields. Network approach allows scientists to capture dynamics of global order, complexity of exchange between various categories of global actors, formation and evolution of international alliances made between formal and informal power holders. ; Kamil Filipek

В статье отмечается, что в 2010 начале 2011 гг. феноменальным явлением в общественной жизни значительного числа стран мира стало появление публикаций сайта Wikileaks с разоблачительными документами политического, военного, экономического и социального свойства. Теневые стороны современной жизни «верхов» в различных государствах были преданы огласке. Реакция населения в отдельных регионах оказалась чрезвычайно острой. Выявилась новая направляющая роль журналистики в общественно-политических процессах. Вместе с тем появление Wikileaks и его последователей в интернет-пространстве обнаруживает тенденцию к формированию нового этапа в общественно-политических отношениях, условно именуемой «эрой NETократии». ; In 2010 the beginning of 2011 publications of the site of Wikileaks with the undressed documents of political, military, economic and social property became huge phenomenon in the public life of the significant number of countries of the world. The shady aspects of the contemporary life of the tops in different states were devoted to publicity. The reaction of population in the separate regions proved to be extremely sharp. The new, guiding role of journalism in the social and political processes appeared. At the same time the actions of Wikileaks and its followers in the Internetspace reveals tendency toward the formation of new stage in the social and political relations, by the conditionally named "era of netoсracy".

The author attempts at questioning Habermas? and Honneth?s claim that the
linguistic turn within Critical Theory of society represents a way out of the
?dead end? of the first generation of Frankfurt School theorists, who were
unable to formulate an action-theoretic understanding of social conflicts. By
presenting a view that Adorno, in his ?Negative dialectic?, develops an
insight into a crucial characteristic of the conflict nature of modern
societies, which eludes the lingustic-pragmatist Critical Theory, the author
tries to defend and reactualize Adorno?s perspective. The paper analyzes some
key aspects of the original idea of Critical Theory, and the ?negativistic
turn? that Adorno and Horkheimer made with the writing of ?Dialectic of
Enlightenment?. Having considered the central arguments of the ?Negative
Dialectic?, the author presents his understanding of Adorno?s concept of
social conflict, which is then being contrasted with Habermas? understanding
of social conflict, formulated in terms of a systemic colonization of the
lifeworld. Pointing out the weaknesses of Habermas? concept, the author aims
at sharpening the image of the conflict nature of modern societies that
Adorno sketches, concluding that his perspective is able to question the
framework of intersubjectivity that Habermas and Honneth take for granted.

- This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary research based on the study of metaphors at work during the medical visits of 5 oncologists 3 males, (respectively 41, 43, and 60 year old), 2 females (respectively 41 and 58 year old) for a total of 61 clinical talks that have been videotaped at an hospital in Northern Italy. The choice to study metaphors at work in medical practice greatly depends on our research experience and the realization that both doctors and patients had recourse to them during clinic talks and the use of such metaphors played a complex role that could not merely be referred to the exemplification of clinic concepts and words. From the analysis of recorded conversations we have discovered that the use of metaphors favoured: a) the contextualization of clinic conversations within wider macro-social structures; b) the definition of behaviours, roles, and decisional processes linked to social representations; c) the creative solution for the often irreconcilable tension between the subjective and bodily aspects of what we can call illness, the objective and impersonal character of its clinic definition (disease), and its social dimension (sickness).Key-words: medicalization, metaphor, disease, illness, sickness, oncology.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, metafora, disease, illness, sickness, oncologia.

- This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary research based on the study of metaphors at work during the medical visits of 5 oncologists - 3 males, (respectively 41, 43, and 60 year old), 2 females (respectively 41 and 58 year old) - for a total of 61 clinical talks that have been videotaped at an hospital in Northern Italy. The choice to study metaphors at work in medical practice greatly depends on our research experience and the realization that both doctors and patients had recourse to them during clinic talks and the use of such metaphors played a complex role that could not merely be referred to the exemplification of clinic concepts and words. From the analysis of recorded conversations we have discovered that the use of metaphors favoured: a) the contextualization of clinic conversations within wider macro-social structures; b) the definition of behaviours, roles, and decisional processes linked to social representations; c) the creative solution for the often irreconcilable tension between the subjective and bodily aspects of what we can call illness, the objective and impersonal character of its clinic definition (disease), and its social dimension (sickness).Key-words: medicalization, metaphor, disease, illness, sickness, oncology.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, metafora, disease, illness, sickness, oncologia.

AbstractWhat are the explaining factors for the wave of riots in France in November 2005? In providing some answers, this article begins by examining the practical usefulness of the French republican model of integration for social cohesion, highlighting the way its negation of other criteria, such as ethnicity, race, or religion, limit this national conception of citizenship and emphasizing these excluded factors as one of the main causes of frustration and resentment among migrant groups in France.The author compares these riots to the student movements in spring 2006 and shows some similarities as well as important differences between the explaining structural factors of these two youth‐based social upheavals. One of the contributing distinctions is the experience of ethnic and racial discrimination as an important source of deep resentment. The author avoids reducing the riots simply to a clash between ethnic groups with specific ethnic interests or a class revolt. Instead, he stresses the relationship between specific social structural factors and spatial effects as the element that created the context for the riots by transforming inequalities into visible and indefensible discrimination. Several factors show that spatial aspects (in the form of segregation) are important alongside the ethnic/racial ones in explaining the riots.

The law on bioethics passed by the French parliament in 2004 qualifies reproductive cloning as a "crime against the human species", a clear indication of how threatened the social world feels by certain aspects of genetic engineering. This article analyses the many social issues involved in cloning. The field of bioethics constitutes a kind of open-air laboratory for anyone interested in studying norm formation processes in pluralist societies. Among other things it brings to light the intertwining of axiological or value-focused controversies and economic logic. After specifying what cloning is, the article reviews the stages through which the prospect of reproductive cloning as both reality and fantasy has become a focus of public debate. It then examines the main arguments for and against reproductive cloning, paying particular attention to arguments that refer to the danger cloning represents for the social tie (a blow to the principles of filiation, the resurgence of eugenics, etc.). Lastly, the article looks at the difficulties encountered when attempts are made to formulate a prohibition at the national and international levels. The conclusion seeks to demonstrate how certain biologists' discourse on cloning represents a strong invitation for greater dialogue between the life sciences and sociology.

I discuss a unique action research (AR) pedagogical experience of professors at four public universities (Damascus, Aleppo, Al-Ba'ath, and Tishreen) in the Syrian Arab Republic. The approach in this experience began by contextualizing some lessons and experiences of AR pedagogy at Cornell University and issues about university reform in a very different cultural and academic setting, under the program `Higher Education and Training Program in Contemporary Social Sciences' (HETPCSS). This collaborative program in Syria was a unique opportunity to address new dimensions of action research in a developing country, where a real gap exists in paying attention to many aspects of conducting any serious research in the social sciences and the humanities. The program was intended to partially remedy this gap through introducing AR in Syria. Few are those universities in the US or Europe that have contextualized AR and the relation between university and society in an effective pro-social way. The experience of the Syrian universities is unique in that some of their professors are being educated in AR despite the adverse national political and economic conditions. One may even suggest that we are able to educate these professors in action research because of the contemporary adverse conditions.

Studies on Women Issues and Social Change in Rural Areas.Absctract Green revolution and industrialization in villages that being discourse of developmentin order ORBA, proven already replace and marginalized women in village from their economicand social function. Because of that, their poor life become very poor, full of problems andsucceptible for domination of man and another external force in system and stucture of social,economic, politic and culture was growth in village. That is discribe gender inequality in publicpolicy by government. Because of that, very important to make positive restructurization forsocial position of women in village through asistance program as technology asistant that relevant, to lighten their load work, and education and training for the operasionalization. Assistance for women villages by Government Organization (GO) and Non Government Organization (NGO) so it can insure women rights, developed their capacity with maximize, so their aspiration and perseption can accomodation and making of colour for development. So with that effort, in role and function of women will be increase and because of it, their participation in development also become large. With another word, development consider aspects and interest of women then gender distortion and inequality in development would be avoided and minimized.Kata Kunci: Perubahan perdesaan, diskriminasi, revolusi hijau

The peculiarities of transitional processes in the former soviet countries are examined in the context of globalization in the given paper. The Utopian base of liberal project of their development is shown. «Globalization* is determined as a new version of social and Darwinian myth. There are many similarities, including ideological cynicism, between the main globalization tendencies and the processes, which take place in post-soviet countries. Neo-liberal mythology, which 'supplies' this process ideologically, is based upon three main positions: Deregulation, Privatization and Liberalization. Authors research some aspects of globalization, concerning to the problems of social justice in political, social, ethical and economical spheres. ; У статті розглядаються особливості перебігу перехідних процесів у країнах СНДв контексті глобалізації. Показана утопічна основа ліберального проекту їх розвитку. «Глобалізація» визначається як нова редакція соціал-дарвіністського міфу. На основі порівняння основних тенденцій «глобалізації» з процесами, що відбуваються на території постсоціалістичних держав СНД, показано подібність багатьох явищ, в тому числі і в ідеологічному цинізмі. Неоліберальна міфологія, яка ідеологічно «обслуговує» та виправдовує цей процес, ґрунтується на трьох основних слоганах: Дерегуляція, Приватизація, Лібералізація. Розглянуто аспекти глобалізації, що мають безпосереднє відношення до проблеми соціальної справедливості в політичній, соціальній, етичній та економічній сферах.

Los buenos análisis de los fenómenos internacionales no se limitan obviamente a un único tipo de variables. Los fenómenos internacionales son complejos y sobre ellos inciden factores diferentes: sociales, económicos, políticos, históricos, jurídicos, etc. Los aspectos referidos a la identidad psico-social, sin embargo, son muy a menudo olvidados y en el mejor de los casos, dejados en una zona de sombra. O viceversa, y esto es quizás más peligroso, son usados groseramente sin partir de conceptos claros. Todo esto se evidencia en muchos análisis de la actual coyuntura internacional y lleva a equivocar el verdadero carácter del fenómeno examinado. ; Good analysis of international phenomena don't restrict themselves to only one type of variables. International phenomena are complex and they are affected by many different factors: social, economic, political, historical, juridical, etc. The aspects referred to psychosocial identity, however, are often forgotten and in the best of all cases, left apart. Or viceversa, which might be more dangerous, they are grotesquely used without a clear framework. All this makes itself evident in many analysis of the international scene and leads to a wrong conception of the real character of the phenomenon under analysis. ; Sección Estudios. ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

Developmental Aspects of European Catholicism in the 20th Century European Catholicism retained into the 1960s essential principles it had formed in the 19th century as a European social movement against economic liberalism and socialism. It focused on the Catholic idea of an ideal society, a utopia critical of modernity, on the evolution of manifold social and socio-political activities as well as on the centralisation and modernisation of Church organisation according to the model of the modern nation state. The development of specific milieus or exclusive societies in this kind of Catholicism was successful in particular in those countries of Central and Northwestern Europe where Catholics formed the minority. World War I introduced a process of depolitising Catholicism, individualising religious ties and developing Catholic professional and elite organisations. World War II marked the end of the corporatist social utopia as well as the rise of Christian democratic parties. The Second Vatican Council concluded the cultural struggle between the Catholic Church and the liberal-pluralistic nation state in Europe. It introduced the orientation toward a global society, which has, since then, been accompanied in Europe by vastly differentiated changes in religious practice, organisational forms and Catholic values.

Parker 's review essay begins as an account of two important
recent books dealing primarily with Chinese migration to, and
diaspora formation in, Australia and Britain, while incorporating
other analyses of Chinese diasporas in Latin America and South
Asia. In addition, Parker provides an inclusive and carefully interrogative
overview of contemporary theories of Chinese diasporic
transnationalism and of the need for measured skepticism about the
transnational turn in recent migration scholarship. He sketches the
"new Chinese migration order" that stems from the interaction of
several factors: globalization, China's opening to trade and migration,
the economics of Western higher education, new communications
technology, and the regular recalibration of immigration
policies in Europe, Australia, and North America. He analyzes the
roles played by culture and the intergenerational aspects of collective
memory in shaping the identity of Chinese diasporic social formations
and touches on issues of spatiality, temporality, and the
changing role of China in diasporic identity in the age of the Internet.
Parker concludes with an exploration of the shift from an attitude
that assumes one "possesses" an identity to a more positional and
performative view of identity, while arguing that a certain "banal
transnationalism" can miss the implications of Chinese diasporic
heterogeneity in social class, social practices, and embodied gender
and racial identities.