Suchergebnisse

This Article discusses issues regarding assistance of pro se litigants in the context of immigration law. In particular, Part II of this Article highlights programs such as the Legal Orientation Program (LOP) and Immigration Court Helpdesk (ICH) that attempt to alleviate some of the inherent difficulties non-citizen detainees face in immigration proceedings. Part III of this Article focuses on a 2008 Regulation by the Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR), which calls for discipline against attorneys that engage in a pattern or practice of failing to enter a Notice of Appearance when engaged in practice or preparation. Lastly, Part IV of this Article discusses a recent case brought by the Northwest Immigrant Rights Project (NWIRP) against the EOIR, the potential impact of this case on similar programs offering assistance to pro se immigrants, and recent developments in the litigation.

From the perspective of the criticism of Foucaultian antijuridicism presented by Giorgio Agamben in Homo sacer, in this paper we address the question of law and its relation to life in the genealogy of modern political rationality, developed in the courses of Michel Foucault in the Collège de France from the years 1978-1979. Our goal is to show the modalities that this relationship adopts through the concepts of marginalistic integration and political utilitarianism, permanent coup d'état and heterogeneity of legal forms. From these notions, we also propose a confrontation with the reading made by Agamben. ; Desde la perspectiva de la crítica al antijuridicismo foucaultiano expuesta por Giorgio Agamben en Homo sacer, en el presente trabajo abordamos la cuestión del derecho y su relación con la vida en la genealogía de la racionalidad política moderna, desarrollada en los cursos de Michel Foucault en el Collège de France de los años 1978-1979. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar las modalidades que adopta esta relación a través de los conceptos de integración marginalista y de utilitarismo político, de golpe de Estado permanente y de heterogeneidad de las formas jurídicas. A partir de estas nociones, nos proponemos, además, una confrontación con la lectura realizada por Agamben.

The general objective of this article is to analyze whether the characteristics of Law 1834 of 2017, called Orange Law, promote the cultural sector in Colombia, this includes a journey through the development, in the last decade, of a politicaleconomic model that aims to potentiate culture and strengthen its contribution to the country's economy. For the creation of this economic environment, an indispensable tool is presented for the cultural sector and for the sustainability of the organizations and agents that make it up, this tool was called creative economy, its business base being the transformation of creative values into economic values. This trend has promoted the regulations that seek to promote the creative industries in the country, industries whose field of work is intellectual property, creativity and national culture ; El objetivo general del presente artículo es analizar si las características de la Ley 1834 de 2017, denominada Ley Naranja, fomentan el sector cultural en Colombia; esto comprende un recorrido a través del desarrollo, en la última década, de un modelo político-económico que pretende potencializar la cultura y fortalecer su contribución a la economía del país. Para la creación de este entorno económico se presenta una herramienta indispensable para el sector cultural y para la sostenibilidad de las organizaciones y agentes que la conforman, denominada Economía Creativa, siendo su base de negocio la transformación de los valores creativos en valores económicos. Esta tendencia ha impulsado la normatividad por la cual se busca desarrollar las industrias creativas en el país, las cuales tienen como campo de trabajo la propiedad intelectual, la creatividad y la cultura nacional.

This scholarly piece aims to analyze the cases of procedure and material estoppel doctrine application in Ukrainian legal practice, as well as to theoretically overthink the grounds (including legal) of this English common law of equity institute reception into Ukrainian law without proper statutory provisions. Methods. Theoretical provisions and conclusions made as the result of this research, as well as the validity of its results are based on the following methods. Dialectical method, being of the universal nature and covering the highest abstraction levels in methodology, provides possibility to achieve the main goal – creation of major streams and the relevant software (regulations) in creating the research algorithm. This research has applied the following principles: objectivity, generality, systemic character, unity, deduction and induction, as well as historism. Comparative and formal juridical methods provided possibility to analyze estoppel doctrine in English law, as well as its analogue in civil law states. General scientific methods of abstraction and modelling were also applied. Considering the object of the research, historic and legal, as well as systemic and structural and formal juridical methods were applied. Results. The paper covers the history of estoppel rule as the product of English law of equity, its characteristics, types and grounds for application. The cases of Ukrainian courts directly applying this doctrine, led to the conclusion on the absence of statutory regulation of this norm application, as well as incorrect approach to directly apply its English analogue. In order to counter the abuse of rights, the paper recommends to return to historically adopted doctrine venire contra factum proprium, considering the Western civil law tradition to view interaction as an agreement, and applying estoppel for cases which may not be viewed as an agreement. The paper stipulates that estoppel doctrine application requires its inclusion in relevant legislation. Conclusions. The implementation of English law institutes is an important step in enriching the instrument set of Ukrainian practice regarding the abuse of law. However, the implementation should be legislatively normed, be doctrinally grounded and should not evade historically set constructions capable to perform similar functions.

An incentivized informant scandal recently hit Orange County, California where county officials were caught lying, hiding, and not providing information about their informants. Concerned citizens, attorneys, and scholars are beginning to ask more questions as these stories receive increased nationwide attention: what should we do about false incentivized informant testimony? What can we do? Under Brady, Giglio, Ruiz, and their progeny, in criminal cases the government must turn over any material exculpatory evidence that it possesses, or that is available, when the defendant decides to go to trial. However, if the government does not know—or purports not to know—about material exculpatory information, such as an informant's testimonial history, then there are often inadequate guidelines, rules, or incentives in place for the government to seek out and turn over this type of information. Moreover, because about 95% of state and federal cases end in plea deals, an informant's credibility usually eludes public, judicial, and the accused's scrutiny. This Comment offers solutions for legislatures, courts, and other government actors to use to help reduce wrongful imprisonment caused by false incentivized informant testimony. First, it outlines the types of information about incentivized informants that the government should seek out. Second, it offers several solutions and, working within United States v. Ruiz's framework, this Comment suggests a legal standard for when the government must provide material information about an informant before a plea deal: when the government's case primarily relies on informant testimony but material exculpatory evidence in its possession shows actual innocence.

In June 2014, the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) emerged on the world stage when its fighters seized Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city, after moving into Iraq from its original base in Syria. Led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the self-appointed caliph, ISIL's goal is to establish an Islamic caliphate in the Middle East. At its peak, ISIL was considered the wealthiest international terrorist organization in the world, estimated to have an annual budget of over $2 billion. ISIL controlled large swaths of territory in Iraq and Syria, seizing control of Ramadi, the capital of Iraq's Anbar province, and the historic city of Palmyra in central Syria. In Iraq and Syria, ISIL also seized towns along important supply routes, and controlled critical infrastructure and border crossings. In 2015, the Central Intelligence Agency estimated that ISIL had between twenty thousand and thirty-one thousand fighters in Iraq and Syria, and approximately fifteen thousand of its members were foreign recruits. The acts of brutality committed by ISIL include beheading American journalists; the torture and ruthless slaughter of civilians; the persecution of ethnic minorities and Christians; and gross violations of international human rights that constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

Patent rights regulate legal protection against the results of someone's intellectual thinking that produces technology. Patent protection is regulated in Act No. 13 of 2016 concerning Patents. The lecturer is identical to the results of the study so it is expected to encourage the registration of academic work to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, so that the lecturers obtain legal intellectual property rights, on the other hand provide protection for the work of lecturers if their work is traced. Legal issues discussed in this thesis: How are significant legal constraints in patent legal protection against inventions produced by lecturers as inventors in official relations with state universities as government agencies? Research methods used in normative legal research contain empirical, normative legal research methods this empirical side concerning the implementation of normative legal provisions (laws) in its action in any particular legal event that occurs in a society. Patent is a form of protection of intellectual property rights, especially in terms of legal protection for lecturers as inventors in official relations with government agencies, Article 13 of the Patent Law and Ministerial Regulation No.72 / PMK.02 / 2015 have regulated it, the Patent Law and Ministerial Regulation as an implementing rule in which there are rules and sanctions in the event of a violation. Various existing constraints such as constraints of legal substance, institutions and legal culture affect law enforcement and patent legal protection, especially Article 13 of the Patent Law, implementing regulations are needed in the form of distribution of benefits that can support the creation of law enforcement. It is hoped that in the future a more complete and adequate implementing regulation can be formed to create legal protection for lecturers as inventors in official relations with universities as government agencies.

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the state of insolvency or bankruptcy that may be incurred by those who default or fear default on their obligations. This breach is the source of a new legal situation and an economic and patrimonial state of the debtor, which is declared judicially to organize its creditors legally and preserve the insolvent debtor's assets and later liquidate and distribute them.Once this situation has been analyzed (which may be fortuitous, guilty or fraudulent), the five types of bankruptcy procedures that Ecuadorian legislation provides are reviewed and differentiated: preventive, preventive for commercial companies, exceptional preventive, voluntary and necessary, highlighting the effects and consequences that each one of them generates for or against the debtor.Finally, the authors' conclusions regarding this legal institution and its application in the Ecuadorian judicial system will be reviewed. KEYWORDS: Contract law, civil liability, legal procedure, credit, debts. RESUMENEl presente artículo analiza la situación de insolvencia o quiebra en la que pueden incurrir aquellas personas que incumplen o temen incumplir con sus obligaciones de dar, hacer o no hacer. Esta falta o incumplimiento da lugar a una situación jurídica y estado económico y patrimonial del deudor, el cual se declara judicialmente con el fin de organizar legalmente a sus acreedores y así depurar y conservar el patrimonio del deudor insolvente, para posteriormente liquidarlo y repartírselo.Una vez analizada esta situación (la cual puede ser fortuita, culpable o fraudulenta), por medio de un enfoque descriptivo y del método sistemático, se revisarán y diferenciarán los cinco tipos de procedimientos concursales que nuestra legislación contempla: preventivo, preventivo para sociedades mercantiles, preventivo excepcional, voluntario y el necesario, destacando los efectos y consecuencias que cada uno de ellos genera a favor o en contra del deudor vencido. Este estudio se realizará en base a la doctrina ecuatoriana, peruana y española que sobre el concordato, se ha pronunciado.Finalmente se revisarán las conclusiones de los autores respecto a esta institución jurídica y su aplicación en nuestro sistema judicial. CÓDIGO JEL: K0,K2,K23 ; This article analyzes the state of insolvency or bankruptcy that may be incurred by those who default or fear default on their obligations. This breach is the source of a new legal situation and an economic and patrimonial state of the debtor, which is declared judicially to organize its creditors legally and preserve the insolvent debtor's assets and later liquidate and distribute them.Once this situation has been analyzed (which may be fortuitous, guilty or fraudulent), the five types of bankruptcy procedures that Ecuadorian legislation provides are reviewed and differentiated: preventive, preventive for commercial companies, exceptional preventive, voluntary and necessary, highlighting the effects and consequences that each one of them generates for or against the debtor.Finally, the authors' conclusions regarding this legal institution and its application in the Ecuadorian judicial system will be reviewed. KEYWORDS: Contract law, civil liability, legal procedure, credit, debts. JEL CODE: K0,K2, P23 ; Cet article analyse l'état d'insolvabilité ou de faillite qui peut être encouru par ceux qui manquent ou craignent de manquer à leurs obligations. Ce manquement est à l'origine d'une nouvelle situation juridique et d'un état économique et patrimonial du débiteur, qui est déclaré judiciairement pour organiser légalement ses créanciers et préserver les biens du débiteur insolvable pour ensuite les liquider et les répartir.Une fois cette situation analysée (qui peut être fortuite, coupable ou frauduleuse), les cinq types de procédures de faillite que prévoit la législation équatorienne sont passés en revue et différenciés : préventive, préventive pour les entreprises commerciales, préventive exceptionnelle, volontaire et nécessaire, mettant en évidence les effets et conséquences que chacun d'eux engendre pour ou contre le débiteur.Enfin, les conclusions des auteurs concernant cette institution juridique et son application dans le système judiciaire équatorien seront passées en revue. MOTS CLÉS: Droit des contrats, responsabilité civile, procédure judiciaire, crédit, dettes. CODE JEL: K0, K2, P23 ; Questo articolo analizza lo stato di insolvenza o fallimento in cui possono incorrere coloro che sono inadempienti o temono di non adempiere alle proprie obbligazioni. Tale violazione è fonte di una nuova situazione giuridica e di uno stato economico e patrimoniale del debitore, che è dichiarato giudizialmente di organizzare legalmente i propri creditori e preservare i beni del debitore insolvente per poi liquidarli e distribuirli.Una volta analizzata questa situazione (che può essere fortuita, colpevole o fraudolenta), vengono riviste e differenziate le cinque tipologie di procedure concorsuali che la legislazione ecuadoriana prevede: preventiva, preventiva per le società commerciali, preventiva eccezionale, volontaria e necessaria, evidenziando gli effetti e conseguenze che ciascuno di essi genera a favore o contro il debitore.Infine, saranno riviste le conclusioni degli autori riguardo a questa istituzione giuridica e alla sua applicazione nel sistema giudiziario ecuadoriano. PAROLE CHIAVE: Contrattualistica, responsabilità civile, procedura legale, credito, debiti. CODICE JEL: K0,K2, P23 ; Este artigo analisa o estado de insolvência ou falência em que podem incorrer aqueles que inadimplem ou temem inadimplir suas obrigações. Esta violação é fonte de uma nova situação jurídica e de um estado econômico e patrimonial do devedor, que é declarado judicialmente para organizar legalmente os seus credores e preservar os bens do devedor insolvente e posteriormente liquidá-los e distribuí-los.Uma vez analisada esta situação (que pode ser fortuita, culpada ou fraudulenta), são revisados e diferenciados os cinco tipos de procedimentos falimentares que a legislação equatoriana prevê: preventivo, preventivo para empresas comerciais, preventivo excepcional, voluntário e necessário, destacando os efeitos e consequências que cada uma delas gera a favor ou contra o devedor.Por fim, serão revisadas as conclusões dos autores sobre esta instituição jurídica e sua aplicação no sistema judicial equatoriano. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito contratual, responsabilidade civil, processo legal, crédito, dívidas. CÓDIGO JEL: K0, K2, P23

This article examines the content of the principle of respect for human rights and freedoms in the penal legislation, execution and imprisonment. States that in Ukraine there is reform of the penitentiary system and penal legislation, the effectiveness of which is associated with the implementation of international standards in their treatment of prisoners. Analyzes international instruments in the field of the treatment of prisoners. ; В статье исследуется содержание принципа уважения прав и свобод человека в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве, исполнении и отбывании наказаний. Указывается, что в Украине происходит реформирование уголовно-исполнительной системы и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, эффективность которых связывается с воплощением в них международных стандартов обращения с осужденными. Анализируются международные акты в сфере обращения с заключенными. ; У статті досліджується зміст принципу поваги до прав і свобод людини у кримінально-виконавчому законодавстві, виконанні і відбуванні покарань. Зазначається, що в Україні триває реформування кримінально-виконавчої системи і кримінально-виконавчого законодавства, ефективність яких пов'язується із втіленням у них міжнародних стандартів поводження із засудженими. Аналізуються міжнародні акти у сфері поводження з ув'язненими.

This article examines the content of the principle of respect for human rights and freedoms in the penal legislation, execution and imprisonment. States that in Ukraine there is reform of the penitentiary system and penal legislation, the effectiveness of which is associated with the implementation of international standards in their treatment of prisoners. Analyzes international instruments in the field of the treatment of prisoners. ; В статье исследуется содержание принципа уважения прав и свобод человека в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве, исполнении и отбывании наказаний. Указывается, что в Украине происходит реформирование уголовно-исполнительной системы и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, эффективность которых связывается с воплощением в них международных стандартов обращения с осужденными. Анализируются международные акты в сфере обращения с заключенными. ; У статті досліджується зміст принципу поваги до прав і свобод людини у кримінально-виконавчому законодавстві, виконанні і відбуванні покарань. Зазначається, що в Україні триває реформування кримінально-виконавчої системи і кримінально-виконавчого законодавства, ефективність яких пов'язується із втіленням у них міжнародних стандартів поводження із засудженими. Аналізуються міжнародні акти у сфері поводження з ув'язненими.

Includes bibliographical references. ; South Africa is faced with extraordinary challenges when it comes to managing its water resources. To redress the results of discrimination caused by Apartheid and its political antecedents, the modern constitutional state sought to address the issues of access to water resources and sanitation services by introducing section 24 of the Constitution, which provides for the right to an environment that is not harmful to one's health or well-being. In addition, section 27 seeks to entrench the right of access to sufficient water. Consequently, the National Water Act 36 of 1998 was introduced, which caters for the administration of water resources. The Water Services Act 108 of 1997, which seeks to ensure the provision of water and sanitation services completes the statutory framework. This framework provides for the state to be either the trustee or the custodian of our water resources. However, the terms 'trustee' and 'custodian' are not defined by either statutes. The legal framework nevertheless sets the parameters for state trusteeship and/or custodianship. This may be gleaned from the constitutional provisions, the National Water Act and the Water Services Act, as well as their accompanying regulations and policies. Despite oversights and inconsistencies, it is argued, the legislative framework very clearly provides the statutory content of trusteeship and custodianship. The state is expected to manage water in accordance with the prescribed constitutional mandate. The nature of the terminology used in the legislation has prompted a comparison by academic authors of modern trusteeship with the Roman and Roman-Dutch law classifications of res publicae. Alternatively, the public trust doctrine has been used as a comparator for evaluating the functioning of trusteeship. However, there are numerous problems with both of these comparisons. Neither facilitates a clear, meaningful understanding of trusteeship or custodianship. The thesis set out here is that, as trusteeship and custodianship are both statutory creatures, the nature of their content must be sought in the legal framework itself. In particular, the National Water Resource Strategy provides insight into the duties of the state. The Strategy aims to give effect to this legal framework, and provides that there are three values that water management aims to achieve: sustainability, equity and efficiency.

Paper shall be entitled "Analysis towards Educational Criminal Act Penal Policy". Education shall be regarded as the most strategic spectrum within national development. Up to this point, numerous criminal acts within the circumference of educational sphere had occurred. One of the occurrences shall be the emphasis on teacher's marking mechanism and educational courses conduct commercially with no accordance towards the quality of the education itself. As stipulated within the national legislation act, Law No. 20 Year 2003 regarding National Educational System, it implied no clear definition regarding qualification of delict in educational aspect. Therefore, it urges the needs to classify vary of acts classified into educational criminal act. Penal policy formulation is seen as one of the essential efforts in overcoming related occurrences of educational criminal act.

Статья посвящена уголовно-правовой характеристике предмета преступления, предусмотренного ст. 292 Уголовного Кодекса Российской Федерации. Являясь конструктивным признаком состава преступления, предмет служебного подлога подлежит обязательному установлению при квалификации действий, образующих уголовно наказуемое деяние, запрещенное действующим законодательством и представляющее собой опасное явление. Очевидная бланкетность диспозиции ст. 292 УК РФ обусловливает необходимость четкого и многогранного определения предмета служебного подлога, отсутствие которого приводит к расхождению в толковании данного объективного признака. Вопросы об отнесении того или иного документа к предмету указанного преступления представляют определенную сложность для правоприменителей. Для ответа на них, по нашему мнению, необходим комплексный анализ дефиниций официального документа, которые нашли отражение в законодательстве и уголовно-правовой доктрине. С учетом положений действующего уголовного закона, норм позитивного законодательства и мнений ведущих специалистов в области уголовного права РФ в статье приводятся результаты исследования наиболее дискуссионных вопросов определения и уточнения существенных признаков предмета служебного подлога; выявляются возникающие в связи с этим проблемы и трудности при квалификации анализируемого преступления; предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию рассматриваемой нормы. ; The article is devoted to criminal law characteristic of the object crime under Article 292 of the Criminal Code. Being constructive feature of the offense, the subject of forgery is subject to mandatory establishment in qualifying action constituting a criminal offense prohibited by applicable law and is a fairly dangerous phenomenon. Obvious blanket dispositions of the Article 292 of the Criminal Code stipulates the need for clear, highly diverse and multifaceted definition of the subject of forgery, the lack of which leads to a discontinuous current interpretation of objective evidence. Questions about the designation of a document as an official subject to a crime under Article 292 of the Criminal Code, are certain difficulties for law enforcers. To answer these questions, the author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the definitions of the official document, which is reflected in legislation and criminal law doctrine. Subject to the provisions of the existing penal law, the norms of positive law and the opinions of leading experts in the field of criminal law in the Russian Federation, submitted article examines the most controversial issues of identifying and clarifying the essential features of the subject of forgery, identifie sarising from these challenges and difficulties in the classification of the analyzed crime proposed recommendations for improving the considered norm.

The article discusses the mandatory presence of moral values as a cultural and social basis for building private and public law rules. Moral values are reflected at the private and public levels. They provide a social, ideological, cultural basis in various fields of law and, accordingly, the effectiveness and efficiency of legal legislation in various spheres of society and the state. In the field of private law, moral values are the starting point for the formation of narratives governing the personal non-property rights of legal entities. And moral values may or may not be clearly articulated in the content of the norm, but all the norms of a particular area of law are aimed at ensuring the achievement of the result so that it is within the moral ideas of society, such as avoiding divorce. In private branches of law, moral values are expressed by the legislator in the form of principles, principles, general restrictions, such as invalidation of the transaction, if it contradicts the moral principles of society or restriction of parental behavior if it goes beyond generally accepted in this social behavior of an individual or relatively small collective (family) of the subject of law. In the public branches of law, methods and measures are established to protect and defend against acts that are based on violations not only and not so much of the law but of moral principles and values. Peculiarities of such moral and legal protection in public branches of law are the same values as in private branches of law (life, health, will, honor, dignity, etc.), but large social groups - ethnic groups, nations, nationalities, humanity in general.