Suchergebnisse

The article examines the forms of bad faith of international judges, the possibilities of counteracting manifestations of bad faith and the factors that stimulate bad faith. Among the first, there are forms related to the appointment of arbitrators (moonlighting, revolving door, issue conflict, etc.), and forms related to the process itself (ex parte communication, pressure on other judges, involving an assistant to perform the work of a judge, etc.). The article provides specific examples of bad faith and analyzes the positions of the courts and doctrine. The focus is on manifestations of bad faith in international investment arbitration, the reform of which is now on the UNCITRAL agenda. The author describes institutional, organizational, procedural and conceptual measures to counteract bad faith of international judges; special attention is paid to the latter, which imply the consolidation of new procedural and substantive concepts, for example, the concept of the presumption of guilt of judges, the concept of the international judicial decision as a sui generis agreement, etc. The author also calls for debates about philosophical, sociological, political, historical and economic aspects of international justice based on the recognition of the fact that it is not a static institution, but, on the contrary, is undergoing profound transformations (like the world as a whole). In conclusion, the author fixes the factors that stimulate bad faith: related to the general shortcomings of international law; associated with its dependence on the political environment; concerning the processes taking place within the judicial corporation; and, finally, concerning the transition of our civilization to the stage of postmodernity, which presupposes distrust in relation to metanarratives. The latter tendency is defined as general, objective and natural; the crisis of international justice in this regard is only one aspect of the general crisis of law and, at the same time, one of its evidence.

Der Autor befaßt sich mit einem - im IMEMO-Jahrbuch "Abrüstung und Sicherheit 1987" enthaltenen - Beitrag Aleksej Arbatows zum Vergleich der Militärdoktrinen von NATO und Warschauer Pakt, der Aufschluß gibt über Entwicklung und aktuelle Veränderungen der Militärdoktrin der UdSSR. Ausgehend von einem Rückblick auf die Entwicklung der Militärdoktrin von Mitte der 50er bis Mitte der 80er Jahre informiert Arbatow über die wichtigsten Änderungen der Militärdoktrin im Rahmen des "neuen Denkens": Betonung der Notwendigkeit der Kriegsverhinderung und Verzicht auf den Ersteinsatz von Nuklearwaffen (Erkenntnis der "Nichtgewinnbarkeit" des Kriegs) sowie Berücksichtigung der "feed-back"-Effekte einer - offensiv orientierten - Stärkung der Verteidigungskapazitäten. Das Gegenoffensivpotential der Defensivkräfte impliziert allerdings einen Widerspruch zur Defensivorientierung der Militärdoktrin. (BIOst-Klk)

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. This volume contains the Judgments and Orders delivered by the Tribunal in the year 1999 in English and French.The Tribunal is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea under the comprehensive system for the settlement of disputes established by the Convention. The Tribunal has exclusive and binding jurisdiction in certain instances. The Tribunal's Seabed Disputes Chamber has compulsory jurisdiction over conflicts concerning seabed activities. The Tribunal is open to States, international organizations and other entities. Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer.Le présent volume contient le texte en français et en anglais des arrêts et ordonnances rendus par le Tribunal au cours de l'année 1999. Dans le cadre du système global de ràglement des différends établi par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, le Tribunal est l'instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l'interprétation et à l'application de la Convention. Le Tribunal a une compétence exclusive et obligatoire dans certains cas. La Chambre pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux fonds marins du Tribunal a une compétence obligatoire en ce qui concerne les différends relatifs aux activités d'exploration et d'exploitation des fonds marins. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats, aux organisations internationales et autres entités

"This is a book about Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 of 25 June 2019 on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility and on international child abduction. This is a very long and cumbersome title, and so we shall refer to it primarily as the Brussels IIb Regulation, partly to save space but also in order to distinguish it from its predecessors, namely the Brussels II Convention of 1998, Regulation No 1347/2000 (the Brussels II Regulation), and Regulation No 2201/2003, the immediate predecessor of Regulation 2019/1111, which is known commonly as the Brussels IIa Regulation"--

THIS PAPER REVIEWS THA ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ALLIANCE, A WORLD COUNCIL OF CREDIT UNIONS. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW DEVELOPMENT APPROACH BY THE ICA DEVELOPMENT AGENCY IS ALSO DESCRIBED. THE WOCCU PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE THROUGH THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IT PROVIDES TO MEMBER CREDIT UNION ORGANIZATIONS.