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Using a two-step process, attitudes about addiction among Texas professionals working primarily with youth were examined. In Step 1, researchers examined attitudes about addiction in Texas ( n = 1,078), across professionals working with youth. In Step 2, researchers selected a subset of treatment and non-treatment professionals ( n = 522) and tested two hypotheses related to differences in attitudes between the two professional groups. Two research questions were also explored. Step 1 analyses revealed stronger endorsement of attitudes related to the psychological and sociological models, and that demographic variables were modest but significant predictors of attitudes about addiction. Step 2 analyses revealed that professional status and demographic variables were significant predictors of attitudes about addiction. Findings have implications for treatment seeking, treatment and non-treatment professional behavior toward adolescents with substance use issues, and the need for continuing education to reduce stigma.

The literature on petrostates tends to blackbox the state. We argue, in contrast, that not all petro-states are configured equally. They thus respond to external crises differently. Despite sharing similar background conditions, the petro-state of Venezuela responded to the external oil shock of 2014–2015 by turning more authoritarian and predatory, whereas the petro-state of Ecuador tried to become more democratic and developmental. To explain this difference, we focus on three within-state institutional differences between these cases: the cohesion of hardliners, the reach of the coercive military and paramilitary apparatus, and the viability of the public and private sectors. In short, even petro-states operating under similar regimes (in this case, left-populist, semi-authoritarian) can exhibit different institutional make-ups, and these institutional differences help explain responses to similar external shocks.

PurposeDespite the increased use of wearables in education, little attention has been paid to why some students are more likely to adopt smartwatches than others. The question of what impacts the adoption of smartwatches in educational activities is still neglected. In addition, the question of how security determinants can affect the adoption of smartwatches by students has not been addressed yet. Hence, this study aims to develop a theoretical model by integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and protection motivation theory (PMT) to study students' adoption of smartwatches for educational purposes.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were distributed to university students in Malaysia. A total of 679 valid responses were collected. The collected data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results of data analysis provide support for the proposed model. Furthermore, the findings indicated that perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, response efficacy, response cost, ease of use and perceived usefulness have significant effects on students' behavioral intention to use smartwatches for educational purposes. In addition, perceived ease of use of smartwatches for educational purposes helps students to realize the benefits of this technology.Originality/valueThis is an original study that develops a new holistic theoretical model by combining the PMT and TAM to study the effects of ease of use, usefulness and security-related factors on the adoption of smartwatches for educational purposes. The study offers practical implications for universities and higher education institutions to improve students' learning experiences to ensure their sustainability using new and innovative ways by exploiting new technologies such as smartwatches.

In 2005, Vietnam continued its momentum of economic growth and dialogue between state and society. The highest rate of economic growth since 1997 resulted from a significant increase in exports as well as in consumer and investment spending. The state-society dialogue intensified on many issues.

In striving to improve the current state of education in South Africa, learning from the way in which previous curricula were implemented could help to ensure that the new curriculum is managed efficiently. As far as the earlier interventions in education are concerned, first the role of the corporate sector, politics and the unions in the establishment of the Education Roadmap will be discussed. Secondly, the article examines the promises made by the State President Jacob Zuma as well as the government's good intentions to strive for excellence in education as documented in its Medium-Term Strategic Framework for the period 2009-2014. In the third place, the importance of managing change properly is underlined, linking with the statement by the education policy analyst, Graeme Bloch, that success is inextricably linked to the way in which the process is managed and translated into classroom practice. Finally, the implications of financial mismanagement in the Department of Education in the Eastern Cape Province are discussed, raising the question: how is it possible that education cannot succeed if a fifth of the national budget is allocated to education? By making various kinds of connections with the field of music, this article argues that cooperation between the Department of Education and experienced music teachers is essential in the drawing up and implementation of a new curriculum. ; http://reference.sabinet.co.za.nwulib.nwu.ac.za/sa_epublication/musicus

In the United States, cybercrimes are the focus of legislation adopted at both the state and federal levels. The U.S. Constitution allocates lawmaking authority between the two levels according to certain principles, one of which is that even when federal jurisdiction to legislate exists, federal legislation is appropriate only when federal intervention is required. And while federal legislative authority can pre-empt the states' ability to legislate in a given area, it rarely does, so it is not unusual for federal criminal laws to overlap with state prohibitions that address essentially the same issues.