Suchergebnisse

Purpose
This theme will be addressed through main points: Special Nature of Investment Disputes and its methods of peaceful settlement. International legal framework governing Arbitration in investment disputes: A. Multilateral legal framework. B. Bilateral legal framework/Investment promotion and protection agreementsTypes of arbitration in investment disputes. The Egyptian experience in investment disputes arbitration. The National legal framework. Egypt on the map of investment disputes in the world. A case study. Conclusion: Results related to the legal framework regulating investment disputes in Egypt. Results related to The arbitration cases against Egypt.


Design/methodology/approach
The researcher investigates the subject of international arbitration in investment disputes in the framework of voluntary theory, which is based on the premise that the satisfaction of people who are addressing the international legal norm is the basis of the same rule. In other words, the basis of international law is based on the satisfaction of the State and other international legal persons Both, and then express or implied consent.


Findings
Despite the availability of domestic and regional arbitration mechanisms in Egypt represented by a large number of cases.


Research limitations/implications
The theme for the study primarily on Egypt and the international arbitration of investment disputes, through theoretical and practical study of disputes arbitration which Egypt is a party defendant in which to focus on what was issued in which the provisions of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes, in an attempt to find out the reasons for the verdicts image released it, where it came mostly against Egypt, and whether these judgments against them in investment disputes due to reasons related to the legal framework of the arbitration process, or for reasons of bodies of arbitration issued by those provisions, or to the defense, which represents the Egyptian party, or to the circumstances Economic and political (which represents the investment climate).


Originality/value
The proposed solutions to improve the conditions and factors surrounding the arbitration disputes that Egypt is waging against foreign investors, whether they are initially alleged or accused of drafting agreements and contracts, through amending the relevant legislation and laws, selecting arbitration bodies and defense bodies.

552Arbitration — Tribunal — Status — Distinction between international and domestic arbitration — Agreement between State and foreign company — Provision for UNCITRAL arbitration — Whether international arbitration — Applicable law — Public policyRelationship of international law and municipal law — Customary international law — As part of English law — Contract between State and foreign company — Contract governed by English law — Whether including international law — Principle that State cannot rely upon internal law to avoid international obligation — Whether exception to principle that courts will not enforce contract illegal by law of place of performanceState responsibility — Imputability — Ultra vires acts of officials — Acts in official capacity — Whether acts of the State — Contractual obligations of the State — Contract with foreign company — Whether international obligationsWar and armed conflict — Internal conflict — Government obtaining military assistance from foreign private company

Internationale Beziehungen werden im Islam durch Respektierung der folgenden Grundlagen bestimmt: Beachtung der Menschenrechte, individuelle und gesellschaftliche Solidarität, Frieden und Freiheit, Gleichheit und keine Diskriminierung aufgrund von Rasse und Hautfarbe

AbstractScholars have long argued that international organizations solve information problems through increased transparency. This article introduces a distinct problem that instead requires such institutions to keep information secret. We argue that states often seek to reveal intelligence about other states' violations of international rules and laws but are deterred by concerns about revealing the sources and methods used to collect it. Properly equipped international organizations, however, can mitigate these dilemmas by analyzing and acting on sensitive information while protecting it from wide dissemination. Using new data on intelligence disclosures to the International Atomic Energy Agency and an analysis of the full universe of nuclear proliferation cases, we demonstrate that strengthening the agency's intelligence protection capabilities led to greater intelligence sharing and fewer suspected nuclear facilities. However, our theory suggests that this solution gives informed states a subtle form of influence and is in tension with the normative goal of international transparency.