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Various elements are involved in the formation of an author's literary personality. The first of these elements is the author's own personality. As a person, the fact that a person develops himself in an intellectual, moral and spiritual sense and achieves a certain level is considered to be the main element affecting the products that this person will put forward. Based on the stories of Mustafa Kutlu, we get an idea of his literary personality and, of course, his personality, and we see that he has created a strong identity before his stories. Kutlu, as a thinker who questions, criticizes and observes justice in doing so, has no bigane left to the social events that he has experienced or witnessed. Considering the 1960s-80s, when his literary life began and developed, we can see that he witnessed the depression periods in which Turkish society was located, and he also related this to his stories. In the light of these evaluations and determinations, we see that Kutlu is a name that fills important gaps in Turkish storytelling. Kutlu, who took a rather separate place in the Turkish story after 1970 in terms of the issues he covered and his style, drew attention to the religious, cultural and identity corruptions occurring in society and individuals by describing the change and transformation of Turkish society in a realistic style. In his stories, he especially blessed the countryside where tradition is assumed to live / live by giving space to the changes and transformations that people who came by migration have undergone in the city in a bad way. It can be said that the village is a place of virtue and the city is a place of alienation in Kutlu's stories, which observe depressions in urban people who have been defeated, torn from traditional values and life, whose mind and psychology have been tarumar. Keywords: Literary Personality, Social Realism, Turkish Storytelling

The article describes the semantic collocability of Russian phraseological units. The main indicators of the combinability of phraseological units have been studied. The different views of linguists on idiom collocability are valence.
Phraseologism does not exist without an environment, isolated, therefore, in the limit of inaccuracies, it is necessary to delimit the words included in the phraseological unit from those that go beyond its scope and environment. Accompanying words included in the obligatory environment of a phraseological unit clarify its semantics and combined properties, and satellite words are also present in the environment of a phraseological unit, but already more distant from it, optional, the scope of the Russian language and are once again found on various compatibility possibilities subject to it. Accompanying phraseological units that are closer in terms of identification, they can be called "comrades", assistants in the implementation of the meanings of phraseological units. Companion words are more distant from phraseological units than accompanying words, words of the environment, which, when used with separate phraseological units, reveal our semantics to a greater extent. The author found out that with the development of polysemy and abstractness of the semantics of accompanying words, their gradual convergence with the components and blurring of the boundaries between phraseological units can occur. Sometimes a satellite word can become a constant companion of a phraseological unit and, as a result, move into the category of accompanying words. Accompanying words and satellite words are a necessary part of a phraseological unit and a dictionary entry of a modern phraseological dictionary of any type. Both traditional and educational dictionaries should not only offer an explanation of the meaning of an unknown word or expression, but also show how to use it correctly in speech. As the title implies the article describes.

Indigenous groups have been historically, economically, socially and educationally marginalized; a phenomenon whose reperfusions still echo in present times. The efforts that have been undertaken in different areas through public policies and educational reforms have not reached the necessary scope, showing an unavoidable need to generate a real and permanent change. In this respect, first person testimonies of those involved to achieve a favorable evolution in this regard. This study uses the phenomenological method to analyze the academic experiences of 36 indigenous students of elementary, highschool or university level, of regular schools as well as indigenous ones, who live in the states of Durango and Chihuahua. It also examines their sense of identity related to their customs and traditions. The inclusion criteria that was considered for the participants was that they had to belong to an indigenous group. This research positions itself in the interpretative framework and qualitative approach, using the in depth interview and questionnaire as techniques. The obtained information was analyzed and classified in the following categories, according to the purpose of the research: customs and traditions, sense of belonging, classroom experiences and relationship with non-indigenous classmates. The results of this paper show the strong sense of belonging of the students toward their communities of origin, |but they admit that the migration to the city and discriminatory experiences have led them to stop using their native language and traditional attires. In regards to the academic aspect, they share positive experiences related to the coexistence with their classmates and their professors' teaching approach, nevertheless, they express a sense of deficiency towards their Spanish use, and even to have endured marginalization in team work because of it. The paper concludes on the importance of guaranteeing the right to use and preserve the native language and particular cultural manifestations, as well as providing a truly intercultural educational model.

Introduction. The article continues a series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter referred to as R-linguistics) and is devoted to the study of the functioning of logical connectives with verbs. The article is the first part of the discussion of internal logic, which examines the use of logical connectives within sentences. This research involves the formation of semantic logic, that is, logic that takes into account the semantics of sentences.Methodology and sources. The results obtained in the previous parts of the series are used as research tools. To develop the necessary mathematical representations in the field of internal logic, the previously formulated semantic concepts and operations are used.Results and discussion. The use of logical connectives with verbs is analyzed. It is shown that these connectives actually refer to external logic, although in some cases it is necessary to adjust part of sentence, taking into account the semantics of the linguistic model. The concept of semantic substitution is defined and the first rule of substitution for verbs is formulated and justified.Conclusion. Abandoning the traditional view of natural language logic means abandoning logical operations and logical inference. This forces us to consider logical operations that now take into account semantics, since they are related to the structure of the linguistic model. Analysis of the functioning of logical connectives with verbs shows that they are related to the linguistic model, which leads to the need for various semantic transformations of the text when such connectives are used. In particular, the use of logical connectives can lead to the loss of the meaning of the text. The rejection of logical inference is compensated by the appearance of semantic substitution rules, one of which is considered in this paper.

PurposeBusiness process modelling integrates and visualizes relevant information essential for managing day-to-day business operations. It plays a critical role in the design and execution of business transformations. Recognizing the role of process modelling, a large number of modelling languages, methods and techniques have been developed, each offering diverse advantages and having inherent limitations. Traditional and popular process modelling approaches focus on the exact specification of the control flow of business processes, whereas more recent approaches like Subject-oriented Business Process Management (S-BPM) are focused on the communication between process participants. This study aims to provide comparative insights about these two approaches through their experimental application. This study does so by comparing Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN); a control flow approach, with S-BPM; a communication approach, with a specific focus on their suitability for novice modellers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on an exploratory experiment that compares BPMN to S-BPM. Applying cognitive load theory, this study compares the experiences and outcomes of novice process modellers, assessing perceived ease of use, model quality (syntactic and semantic) and modelling efficiency (time to model) across the two approaches.FindingsStudy results show that S-BPM (a communication approach) led to significantly better user performances for process modelling than BPMN (a control flow approach). This study points to how a different modelling approach such as S-BPM could be either considered as an alternative or to complement the more popular control flow approach BPMN. This observation was especially relevant for modelling contexts where domain experts are novice process modellers.Originality/valueThis study provides the first empirical evidence that communication approaches like S-BPM could outperform modelling approaches which are control-flow based (i.e. BPMN), especially when being used by novice process modellers who hold the domain and process knowledge. This study uses this as a springboard to present important considerations for practice and guide future process modelling research.

Traditional views on Latin American political development agree that its distinctive characteristics are in some way related to the region's pattern of import-substitution industrialization. All of them share a key theoretical perspective that limits their understanding of this development: they consider capital accumulation to be structured at the national level. Instead, import-substitution industrialization should be seen as the state-mediated form of recovery by global industrial capital invested in manufacturing of a portion of the ground rent flowing into the region because of its role in the production of surplus value on a global scale. The differences in the political economy of import-substitution industrialization between Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia may be explained in terms of the historical and natural conditions of the specific form taken by capitalism in Latin America. Las opiniones tradicionales sobre el desarrollo político latinoamericano coinciden en que sus peculiaridades están de alguna manera relacionadas con el patrón de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones de la región. Se comparte una perspectiva teórica clave que limita la comprensión de dicho desarrollo: la acumulación de capital se presenta como estructurada a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones debe verse como la forma mediada por el estado que toma la recuperación, por parte del capital industrial global invertido en el sector manufacturero, de una porcion de la renta del suelo que fluye hacia la región debido a su papel en la producción de plusvalía a escala mundial, y va mediada por el Estado. Las diferencias en la economía política de la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones entre Argentina, Brasil, México y Colombia pueden explicarse en términos de las condiciones históricas y naturales en que se realiza la forma específica que toma el capitalismo en América Latina.

Introduction. The article examines traditional and recent factors that affect the situation in the geopolitically significant southern Russian region. The reasons for the actualization of socio-political and ethno-confessional conflicts are considered as factors of possible regional destabilization. Methods and materials. Conflictological diagnostics of the regional tension dynamics, as well as the nature and features of situational and long-term risks to regional security and socio-political stability in the South of Russia are based on factor analysis of Rostov region, Krasnodar Krai, and the Republic of Adygea materials. Analysis. By analyzing the statistics, the authors has revealed the presence of such negative processes in these regions as a decrease in the standard of living, a sharp increase in the unemployment rate, an increase in corruption and crime rates, population decrease, which is provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic – the newest factor of regional tension. Results. It is concluded that socio-economic problems against the background of a pandemic crisis may adversely affect the nature of interethnic and interfaith relations. Competition in the labor market, deterioration of the criminal situation, and uncontrolled migration can be considered as factors of conflict. According to the results of the study, it was found that the destabilization factors of the Rostov region regional situation have an endogenous character: demographic (population decrease), economic (deterioration in the socio-economic situation of the population), growth of protest activity and destructive content in the media. For Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea, exogenous factors of regional tension remain relevant: there is a high level of external migration for the region. Authors' contribution.The contribution of M.V. Tarasova in writing the article is to form the research logic, develop methodology and tools, and analyze statistical information in Rostov region. The analysis of the regional situation in Krasnodar Krai and Rostov region was carried out by I.V. Yurchenko, and M.V. Dontsova.

Countries around the world have passed laws specifically banning female genital mutilation/cutting. Legal restrictions vary as to whether they apply to both girls and adult women or to minors only, and few address a second set of genital cutting procedures known as 'female genital cosmetic surgeries'. Different legal framings reflect variation in views regarding women's autonomy and their ability to provide meaningful consent. Social norms theory has drawn attention to the fact that in societies where customary female genital mutilation/cutting is common, women can be under intense pressure to conform lest risking social inclusion, support and possibly marriage prospects. Hence, protectionist measures by the state have been invited. Much less attention has been directed towards the broader circumstances that can shape and constrain women's autonomy, including economic instability, limited access to resources and services, political marginalisation and discrimination, and global factors such as climate change. In this article, I highlight the promise of intersectional analyses of factors influencing female genital mutilation/cutting and suggest that in moving beyond the problematic distinction of 'modern' and 'traditional' societies, it is more fruitful to understand the multiple and combined factors that influence women's empowerment. Drawing on case studies from Senegal, Kenya and the US, I illustrate that the logic to perform female genital mutilation/cutting or to resist engaging in community outreach on female genital mutilation/cutting may not only emanate from community norms, but also include broader conditions that influence people's ability to cope with precarious livelihoods. A more comprehensive understanding of spheres of influence on women's choices can be gained by examining how structural, material, social and individual domains overlap in a woman's life. Programmes that aim to address female genital mutilation/cutting may be enhanced by expanding beyond a focus on legal reform and social norms to also address the broader structural and global factors that influence women's agency.

This document was prepared by the MicroBooNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. MicroBooNE is supported by the following: the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of the United Kingdom Research and Innovation; the Royal Society (United Kingdom); and The European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions. Additional support for the laser calibration system and cosmic ray tagger was provided by the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Bern, Switzerland. ; This article presents the reconstruction of the electromagnetic activity from electrons and photons (showers) used in the MicroBooNE deep learning-based low energy electron search. The reconstruction algorithm uses a combination of traditional and deep learning-based techniques to estimate shower energies. We validate these predictions using two nu(mu)-sourced data samples: charged/neutral current interactions with final state neutral pions and charged current interactions in which the muon stops and decays within the detector producing a Michel electron. Both the neutral pion sample and Michel electron sample demonstrate agreement between data and simulation. Further, the absolute shower energy scale is shown to be consistent with the relevant physical constant of each sample: the neutral pion mass peak and the Michel energy cutoff. ; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) DE-AC02-07CH11359 ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Science Foundation (NSF) ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; European Commission ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) , part of the United Kingdom Research and Innovation ; Royal Society of London ; European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions ; Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Bern, Switzerland

Funding was provided by the Spanish Government grant RTI2018099565-B-I00, the Junta de Andalucia research group RNM-179 and projects B-RNM-574-UGR20 and P20_00675, and the University of Granada, Unidad Cientifica de Excelencia UCE-PP2016-05. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA. ; Significant progress in the understanding of the different degradation processes affecting building and ornamental stone has taken place in recent decades. However, some weathering phenomena still are not fully understood, which hampers the development of effective stone conservation treatments. One of these cases, stone damage associated with the presence of swelling clays, is reviewed here. Swelling clays cause damage when subjected to wetting/drying cycles, commonly resulting in stone scaling, flaking, spalling, exfoliation and/or delamination. Examples of this damage process and the mechanisms proposed for its development, as well as the key factors that control its origin, evolution and severity are presented and discussed. Alternative or complementary processes that may also lead to stone damage due to expansion/contraction cycles are also discussed. Finally, conservation treatments applied to halt or minimize clay swelling damage are reviewed. It is shown that traditional conservation materials such as polymers and alkoxysilanes applied to protect and/or consolidate damaged clay-containing stones typically have little effectiveness. Alternative treatments based on the application of clay swelling inhibitors, and a novel green conservation approach based on bacterially-induced formation of CaCO3 cement and associated production of exopolymeric substances, recently proposed to prevent/ control clay-related damage of tuff stone at the ancient Maya site of Copan, are presented and discussed. ; Spanish Government ; European Commission RTI2018099565-B-I00 ; Junta de Andalucia RNM-179 B-RNM-574-UGR20 P20_00675 ; University of Granada, Unidad Cientifica de Excelencia UCE-PP2016-05 Universidad de Granada/CBUA

By approaching the Prata State College (Colégio Estadual da Prata) (1953) and the State Teachers' College (1960), two public secondary education institutions from Campina Grande, Paraíba, the article discusses the social prestige of both institutions, highlighting opening ceremonies and the scholars in their first decades of operation. The findings originate from articles by local newspapers and students files, available at the institutions' archive. The news coverage and political dimension of the opening ceremonies constitute strong indication of the social prestige given to the Prata State College and the State Teachers' College. About its students, they were young boys and girls from traditional families of the elite of the city and surrounding communities. Such findings allow us to consider that the trajectory of the institutions, during the analyzed period, emphasizes the tension between elitism and democratization of secondary education in the city during the decades from 1950 to 1960. ; Abordando dos instituciones públicas de enseñanza secundaria de Campina Grande, Paraíba, el Colegio Estadual de la Prata (1953) y la Escuela Normal Estadual (1960), el artículo discute el prestigio social de las dos instituciones, destacando las solemnidades de inauguración de los edificios y el alumnado de cada una de ellas, en las respectivas primeras décadas de funcionamiento. Los hallazgos provienen de materias de periódicos del estado, así como de fichas individuales de los alumnos, disponibles en los archivos de las instituciones. La cobertura periodística y la dimensión política de las solemnidades de inauguración de los edificios constituyen fuertes indicios del prestigio social del Colegio Estadual y de la Escuela Normal. Su alumnado fue constituido de chicos y chicas originarios de familias tradicionales de la elite de Campina Grande y regiones circundantes. Tales hallazgos hacen posible considerar que la trayectoria de las instituciones, en el periodo aquí analizado, evidencia la tensión entre la elitización y ...

Cities across Europe are increasing their ambitions to embrace a circular economy. In this context, a wide-ranging landscape of urban circularity practices is emerging. This article aims to elaborate on the spatial factors fostering or hampering the embedding of urban circularity practices (UCPs) in the Brussels Capital Region (BCR). The article, thus, addresses the following set of questions: What do circularity ambitions imply at the urban scale and what is the landscape of practices aimed at realizing urban circularity? What are the spatial implications of urban circularity practices? What could the role of urban design and spatial planning be in embedding and mainstreaming UCPs? These questions are explored both theoretically, through a literature review, and empirically, through case-study research. We show that access to spaces and land emerges as one of the most recurrent barriers to embedding UCPs in the BCR, and in other European cities too. We argue that while real estate prices are one of the main causes, it is not the only one. Frictions appear in political agendas where the need for more housing, productive spaces, land for urban agriculture, and green–blue infrastructures compete for the same limited space. Concurrently, the systematic building of the last available urban "void" (often brownfields) creates perverse logics of rushing the completions of "traditional" urban projects. Temporary occupations, often cited as exemplary circular practices, increasingly receive criticism when they become a structural limit to long-term perspectives. We have structured our arguments in four sections. First, we define our notion of urban circularity and UCPs. Second, we introduce a methodology and a framework. Third, four types of UCPs are selected for in-depth analysis. We conclude by highlighting potential leverages for working toward a circular spatial design and planning culture that facilitates embedding and mainstreaming urban circularity in the built environment. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Rapid transformation across all sectors through Saudi Arabia's vision 2030 initiatives led to an increase in construction activities. However, the construction industry has been already facing huge cost and time overruns, affecting all stakeholders. The aim of this study is to identify and explore the influential risk factors that lead to completion delays and cost overruns of government-funded building construction projects in Saudi Arabia, all of which have been subjected to a traditional type of procurement method (Standard Public Works Contract). The literature examined in this study identified a total of 83 risk factors, which have been grouped into nine categories. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to determine the participants' perspectives on the degree of probability of occurrence (P) of each risk and its potential impact on a project in terms of time (IT) and cost (IC). The questionnaire survey was distributed to 200 experts and professionals associated with Saudi building construction projects, which were grouped into four categories: clients, designers, consultants, and contractors. Fifty-five acceptable questionnaires were returned and analysed. The relative importance index (RII), and Risk Importance (RI) were used to identify the most influential risk factors, and an agreement test was conducted. The results of the survey revealed that the most significant risks factors contributing to the delay of building construction projects' completion are contractor's financial difficulties, owner's delay in making progress payments for completed works, contracts awarded to the lowest bidder, change orders during construction, ineffective project planning and scheduling by the contractor, shortage of manpower, and contractor's poor site management and supervision. In addition, change orders during construction and contracts awarded to the lowest bidder are the most significant risks factors of exceeding budgets. Based on the results, it is concluded that for achieving sustainable development, ...

Special Issue: Mobile Technology, Gamification and Artificial Intelligence to Improve Sustainability in Education ; The data presented in this study are not available in accordance with Regulation (EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 regarding the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and the free circulation of these data (RGPD) ; [Abstract] Gamification along with a whole range of other active methodologies are being incorporated into university classrooms due to their potential benefits for student learning. The aim of this paper was to analyse how a multimodal learning environment based on gamification could affect the final grades of university students in a subject taught at the Faculty of Education in a spanish university. The research was made up of 133 Spanish university students (Mage = 19.60; SDage = 0.43 years old). A quasi-experimental post-test design with a control group was used. The control group and the intervention group consisted of 66 and 67 students respectively. A multimodal gamified learning environment was set up for the intervention group, in contrast to traditional teaching methods which were reserved for the control group. Each one was implemented throughout an academic year. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the final average grade (p < 0.001), with students from the intervention group obtaining higher overall scores. The same occurred in the voluntary learning tasks, with students from the intervention group earning more Health Points (p = 0.006), more Experience Points (p = 0.005), a higher Total Score (p = 0.002) and a higher Level Achieved (p = 0.002). These findings point to the fact that a multimodal gamified learning environment can influence the academic performance of students. However, more scientific research has to be carried out in order to support these findings

Contemporary America faces deep-seated problems - not least because so many Americans have lost respect for their own electoral system and democratic institutions. America suffers too from unrelenting right wing hyperbole in respect of significant social issues, including their conviction that only they understand, and value, freedom. Because of Australia's restrictive responses to the covid-19 pandemic, Florida's Governor Ron DeSantis – a potential Presidential candidate - denigrates Australia as 'not a free country; not a free country at all'. Australians may dismiss Governor DeSantis's comments as laughable, but a chorus of hard right comments in support of his view invites a comparison of the different ways in which 'freedom' is understood in Republican America and in Australia. One consequence of DeSantis's conception of 'freedom' is the extraordinary American death rate from the Covid-19 pandemic, which in the case of Florida – which DeSantis celebrates as the 'free-est State' – stood at about 48 times the Australian rate when he scorned Australia as indistinguishable from communist China. Despite massive American spending on defence budgets, a domestic battle has been waged, and lost, in respect of the more prosaic defence of America's traditional economic philosophy, and its defining institutions; and American conservatives are now divided even within their own ranks as to what it is that they wish to conserve, other than partisan advantage. The roots of America's present malaise are to be found in the evolving (mis)understandings of a set of keywords including 'freedom', 'democracy', 'tyranny', 'individualism', and 'society'. The radical right has impoverished the understanding of these keywords, and Australia's pandemic response was in fact designed to give itself freedom from the 'freedom' that the Republican right now eulogises. In the name of an implicit and contentious teleological vision, the Republican understanding of 'freedom' has now descended to the point where America's hard right perversely ...