Suchergebnisse

The main objective of this research has focused on determining the classification of femicide in Ecuador, considering the relevance of international conventions on women's rights in 2020, which allows proposing new reforms for the prevention and eradication of this type of crime. It also sought to identify the constitutive dimensions that intervene in the Ecuadorian legislation on femicide, including the legal and political controversies whose classification has generated, from social constructivism, determining if judicial processes for femicide developed in Ecuador are consistent with the proposals and commitments included in the international conventions on the rights of women.Each of the aspects included in this study was based on the paradigm of social constructivism, based on the legal construction that encompasses national legislation, analyzing the opinion of various experts in this area, which allowed us to delve into the problem of femicide from its classification and penalization. The results allowed to conclude that despite the classification of this crime in Ecuadorian legislation and the provisions established by international treaties, the issue of femicide in Ecuador continues to be a problem that results in effective State action. ; El objetivo principal de esta investigación se ha enfocado en determinar la tipificación del femicidio en Ecuador, considerando la relevancia de los convenios internacionales sobre los derechos de la mujer en el año 2020, lo cual permita proponer nuevas reformas para la prevención y erradicación de este tipo de delito. Se buscó, además identificar las dimensiones constitutivas que intervienen en la legislación ecuatoriana sobre el femicidio, incluyendo las controversias jurídicas y políticas cuya tipificación ha generado, desde el constructivismo social, determinando si procesos judiciales por femicidio desarrollados en Ecuador son coherentes con los planteamientos y compromisos incluidos en las Convenciones internacionales sobre los derechos de la mujer. Cada uno de ...

Today, in the field of education, there is a process of forming a new type of personality - a "legal conscious citizen", which is characterized by a high level of legal competence and legal culture. The modernization of higher education has been of special importance. In this regard, the main direction of transformations is the development of the current legislation, legal institutions, human rights, rights and responsibilities of a citizen and the practice of their implementation. The article describes the legal competence of specialists' students in obtaining higher education. An analysis of the definitions of "competence" and "legal competence", their structural components was carried out. The article analyzes modern psychological and pedagogical literature. They illustrated that legal competence consists of legal readiness and practical ability to perform professional activities and make professional decisions. The article considers the content of certain types of competencies, defines the essence of the concept of legal competence, lists the key competencies, their structure and features of formation in the process of professional training; the content of the legal culture of the individual and the mechanism of formation of legal competence of the future specialist is determined. In the article, based on the analysis of scientific literature, the essence and structure of the legal competence of a specialist are considered. Motivational, cognitive, activity and personal components of the formation of legal competence of the future specialist are revealed. The competence of specialists unites personal and professional aspects while obtaining higher education, without excluding the impact of legal regulation of social relations as a key determinant of socio-political development of any state. The author determined that in modern studies on the essence and structure of legal competence in the professional education of students, under the notion of legal competence understand the integrative ...

The paper presents the analysis of regulatory and legal documents of the European educational environment that adjust the democratization of governing educational institutions. The relevance of the studied issue is substantiated by the demand of modern society for the training specialists, who share democratic values, and by the intensification of Ukraine's European integration processes. The analysis of the theoretical and regulatory aspects of the democratization of governing educational institutions allows to single out the main positions that could be taking into account in the professional training of future managers of educational institutions of different levels. The source base of the study contains the European documents, national regulatory documents of some European countries and institutional regulations. The following European documents are under the analysis: Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the Public Responsibility for Higher Education and Research (2007), Charter on Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education (2010), Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (2013), Paris Declaration (2015), The EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy (2020), Democratic Governance of Schools (2007), Graz Declaration (2003). It is found out that most of these documents are encouraging or advisory for the implementation of educational policies of the European Commission, as it is the most important institution for the implementation of internal and external policies of the European Union. It is noted that the following documents are in force at the national level at European countries: education laws, national educational programs and frameworks, guidelines and recommendations for implementing the educational process. The political system of the country is the final and determining factor in the list and content of laws and regulations. Institutional documents in the field of governing educational establishments are analysed, which describe ...

PURPOSE: The paper explains to what extent selected sociodemographic, psychographic and economic factors differentiate attitudes of Poles towards corruption. ; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The results come from an empirical study based on a representative sample of adult Poles conducted by computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). The subject of statistical analysis were the following three complementary issues, the scale of corruption in the opinion and common experience of Poles, moral attitudes of Poles towards the phenomenon of corruption and sociodemographic predictors of the corruption phenomenon. Additionally, we measured the scale of corruption in the opinion and common experience of Poles. At the stage of data analysis, multi-dimensional modeling with the use of optimal scaling (CATREG) was selected and descriptive and inductive statistics were used. ; FINDINGS: The regression model for qualitative variables revealed an increased consent to the phenomenon of corruption in such groups as, age (the youngest respondents 18-24), occupation (industrial workers and craftsmen, school and university students, office workers) and political self-identification on the left-right scale. The greatest tolerance towards corruption – according to their declarations – have far right-wing and left-wing people, as well as those without specific views. The remaining components of the model, such as place of residence (voivodship), marital status and total crimes per 100,000 inhabitants, are of secondary importance. ; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of the research made possible to make two other important conclusions. Firstly, according to Poles, the phenomenon of corruption has significantly decreased over the last few years. The respondents estimated that it is now much smaller than in 2017. Secondly, we compared the obtained results with other global studies. ; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: We noticed that there is a gap between the opinions of experts (Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index) and the ...

La fuente de esta investigación es la intimidación y condicionamiento, que sufren los contribuyentes cuando cuestionan procedimientos tributarios controvertidos la Administración Tributaria, no deja de cobrar intereses moratorios, hasta la emisión de la resolución del recurso mismo; afectando el Principio de No Confiscatoriedad protegido por nuestra Constitución Política del Perú, así mismo el derecho al debido procedimiento e impugnación, transgrediendo los derechos fundamentales protegidos constitucionalmente. Esta circunstancia ha llevado a evaluar variedad de resoluciones pronunciadas por el ente resolutor de última instancia de la Administración Tributaria como es el Tribunal fiscal, para ello fue necesario utilizar los métodos deductivo-inductivo y analítico-sintético, asimismo se utilizó como técnica análisis documentario para ello fue necesario utilizar como instrumento un registro de datos, que permitió obtener la información necesaria para presentar resultados. Asimismo, se procedió a un análisis exhaustivo de toda la normativa tributaria como el Código Tributario y sus modificatorias, la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo General y sus modificatorias y la Constitución Política del Perú de 1993; con el fin de proporcionar una base teórica y doctrinal para la realización de esta investigación. ; The source of this investigation is intimidation and conditioning, suffered by taxpayers when they question controversial tax procedures, the Tax Administration does not stop charging default interest, until the issuance of the resolution of the appeal itself; affecting the Principle of Non-Confiscation protected by our Political Constitution of Peru, likewise the right to due procedure and challenge, violating the fundamental rights protected constitutionally. This circumstance has led to the evaluation of a variety of resolutions pronounced by the final decision-making body of the Tax Administration, such as the Tax Court, for which it was necessary to use the deductive-inductive and analytical-synthetic ...

2010 Spring. ; Includes bibliographic references (pages 129-136). ; Covers not scanned. ; Print version deaccessioned 2022. ; Indigenous people in Chiapas, Mexico have endured hundreds of years of attacks on their cultures and life ways. They have been marginalized, excluded, and oppressed. They have experienced the loss of ancestral lands and the destruction of their natural resources and environment. They have been denied fundamental human rights including access to land, education, and healthcare. They have suffered disproportionately high infant and maternal mortality rates and deaths from curable, preventable disease. They have survived without access to clean water, sanitation facilities, or electricity. Finally in 1994 with the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement and other Neoliberal economic projects on the horizon, over three thousand Indigenous people came together, called themselves Zapatistas, and declared war on the Mexican government. The world watched as the Zapatistas demanded basic human rights and the Mexican government promised reform. When the government failed to honor their promises, the Zapatistas responded by creating autonomous communities with their own form of government, education, and health care. The purpose of this study is to assess the autonomous Zapatista healthcare system in the Oventic caracole following the Zapatista rebellion using a political ecology theoretical approach. Specifically, does the Zapatista healthcare system operate successfully and how has this model changed healthcare access and well being of the people living in this civilian targeted warfare zone? What effect has the militarization had on health care? This research has the potential to provide valuable contributions to the Zapatista struggle as they continue to develop and improve the healthcare system in autonomous communities living in resistance. Additionally, this work may serve as a resource and guide for local and international non-governmental organizations, non-profit organizations, medical professionals, and Zapatista support groups who wish to contribute to the growth, sustainability, success, and autonomy of the Zapatista healthcare system.

Building the rule of law state (referred to as the rule of law) is an objective trend for democratic countries in the modern world, including Vietnam. Thoughts about the rule of law in Vietnam, related to the people's desire to have an independent state that is organised and acts in accordance with the provisions of law, represents the will and aspirations of the people, protects human rights and citizens' rights under law, have emerged since the early years of the 20th century. Along with the national liberation struggle, the rule of law state in Vietnam was officially established in 1945, after the victory of the August Revolution (August 19, 1945). It has its own characteristics related to the socialist political regime under the leadership of only one party – the Communist Party of Vietnam.As in many countries around the world, the promotion and expansion of democracy is one of the objectives of building the rule of law in modern Vietnam. The article clarifies some theoretical issues about the rule of law state, the rule of law ideology formation and the rule of law state characteristics in Vietnam. A number of issues that require attention when building a rule of law state to ensure democracy in modern Vietnam is considered ; Построение правового государства (именуемого верховенством закона) является объективной тенденцией для демократических стран современного мира, включая Вьетнам. Мысли о верховенстве права во Вьетнаме, связанные со стремлением народа иметь независимое государство, которое организовано и действует в соответствии с положениями закона, представляет волю и чаяния народа, защищает права человека и гражданские права по закону, появились с первых лет XX века. Одновременно с национально-освободительной борьбой правовое государство во Вьетнаме было официально создано в 1945 г. после победы Августовской революции (19 августа 1945 г.). Оно имеет свои особенности, связанные с социалистическим политическим режимом при ведущей роли только одной партии – Коммунистической партии Вьетнама.Как и во ...

The author expresses his positive attitude to the three-volume book by Yakov Shrayberg: "My friend Katia Genieva" (Moscow, 2021). The reviewer argues that by addressing to E. Yu. Genieva's personality and activities, the author, in fact, portrays the historical experience of the recent forty years rich in social, political, economic and ideological developments. Ekaterina Yuryevna Genieva – late Director General of the All-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature named after M. I. Rudomino, a global personality, famous for her public, cultural, philanthropic, philological, library and library science initiatives. Her efforts coincided with Russia's hinge period, and she found herself "in the right place at the right time". The book conveys Genieva's exceptionalism; her leadership, compassion and contribution to many aspects of life, are well-documented in the book. The book focuses on her many good points; while humanly downsides may make the theme of another book, if anyone volunteers – then we will get the objective profile of our outstanding contemporary. ; В рецензии положительно оценивается выпущенная в трёх томах книга Я. Л. Шрайберга «Мой друг Катя Гениева» (Москва, 2021). Рецензент позитивно относится к тому, что через описание личности и деятельности Е. Ю. Гениевой, генерального директора Всероссийской государственной библиотеки иностранной литературы им. М. И. Рудомино, фактически дан портрет последних сорока лет нашей богатой социальными, политическими, экономическими событиями идеологической, культурной истории. Основная деятельность Е. Ю. Гениевой – личности международного масштаба, известной своими общественными, культурными, филантропическими, филологическими, библиотечными и библиотековедческими инициативами, – пришлась на переломное в истории России время, и она оказалась «в нужное время в нужном месте». В книге отлично передана незаурядность Е. Ю. Гениевой, документированно показаны её инициативность, вклад во многие актуальные проблемы переживаемой ею современности. Е. Ю. Гениева показана с положительной стороны, а присущие ей, как и всякому человеку, недостатки могут составить предмет другого труда, если найдутся желающие осуществить таковой. Тогда появится в полной мере объективный портрет нашего выдающегося современника.

This paper reviewed the failure of state and society to influence illegal migrations through frustrations engendered by lopsided development and infrastructural decay coupled with irreconcilable endemic corruptions in Nigeria. It adopts the content analysis and evaluation of available resource such as text books, journals and newspapers, explorations of lacunas in older research in this environment and explorations of oral interviews to substantiate other available evidences. A failed state cannot provide assurance of a good future for its citizens and future generations in that society. African states grapple with endemic problems such as corruption, little or lack of infrastructural development, lopsided political and state structures, recessions, unemployment and gross human rights violations with pervading real and imagined civil wars, further evidenced as insurgencies. These situations particularly pervade the country Nigeria and illegal migrations provide opportunities for frustrated citizens to run in desperate search of the Golden Fleece. In the Edo traditional society of Nigeria, the peculiarity of notoriety in this context is further grounded in what I refer to as societal failure. Benin traditional patrilineal conception celebrated male dominance and total subjugation of women, a situation that does not give the woman the right to family sustenance and nobility title (chieftaincy). However, new environmental challenges have resulted in problematic cultural readjustments that make women to take up the role of bread winners. As such, this illegal migration frenzy is higher in the Edo society because of these enlisting factors, as mentioned above. As international and domestic media and organizations turn a negative light of attention on this historical colossus (Edo land) it becomes necessary for the author to seek scholarly answers and solutions to redefine the state/society citizenship relationship and postulate suggestions to avert the influx of migrant returnees from creating further challenges. The lacuna of this research is better evaluated in historical meanderings of Benin (Edo) gender relations within the context of Nigerian society's reevaluation for developmental improvement.

The paper theoretically substantiates and outlines the key areas of implementation of the gender approach in the public management of the educational process. In connection with the democratization of Ukrainian society and integration into the European educational space, the need to implement a number of international and domestic normative acts on gender equality issues, the role of the gender approach in education is growing as an effective means of implementing the principles of gender equality, which will contribute to the realization of the rights of each individual, activation its participation in economic, political, social and cultural development. The gender approach in education involves liberating the professional vision of the manager, teacher from gender-role stereotypes as specific and serious barriers to the perception of the individual, helps to focus attention on the real gifts and abilities of students regardless of gender. The main directions of the implementation of the gender approach in the management of the educational process are defined as the management of educational activities, during which students acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities, on the basis of which they form their own values and attitudes; application by scientific and pedagogical workers in their professional activities of forms, methods and technologies of organizing the educational process, which would stimulate the development of creative, strategic thinking, leadership, and a sense of responsibility; taking into account the gender component in the management of educational institutions, which implies the observance of gender balance in the personnel policy of the institution and the system in general, the neutralization of gender stereotypes and prejudices. The need to conduct a gender audit of educational institutions in order to assess the state of ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men in educational institutions, identifying existing problems, as well as implementing gender competence to the standards of higher education has been proven.

Introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of life is a factor that radically change the social interactions and mechanisms of social control. This rising trend, that turn the various digital technologies into main form of realization of "the social" is complex and contradictory. We are confronted more and more with multiplicity of social control with simultaneous unification of its procedures, determined by digital technologies. The functions of social control are transferred from human actors to machines and algorithms. The social control is automated. Under the cover of objectivity and neutrality such automatization contains political, economical and ideological imperatives. The machine has human core, yet difficult to discern. Implementation of algorithmic forms of governance, based on Big Data, significantly increases the scope of population monitoring and shifts the "power logic" to control and construction of opinions, creation of the demands, mobilizing action in accordance with the prescribed standards of conduct. COVID-19 Pandemic enhanced the activities of national States to take advantage of digital control over the population. In fact, during few months of quarantine measures in most countries unprecedented in its global reach and universal in their technical solutions instruments of control over the population have been deployed. In doing so the digital social control generates very specific forms of social asymmetry. There remains an open question: who has access to information, generated by the machines of control. For the development of modern smart cities and digitalization of social practices relevant and correct data are needed. Сompromise between citizens' rights to privacy and rapid development of new smart technologies is inevitable. Personal data collected not only by the State but also by private corporations, especially by owners of digital platforms. Rights to obtain and use data need to be regulated and rules set for their commercial application. COVID-19 Pandemic, ...

This paper addresses citizenship not a just a legal expression, but also as a socio-political practice that produces new possibilities to transform the official establishment. The text is supported by the category of acts of citizenship, by Engin Isin, that points out citizenship as an action implemented by "the others" to make the institutional order a more inclusive place in terms of responsibilities and rights. Citizenship acts are politically effective actions in which it is possible to organize social demands or just to visualize the vulnerabilities of both citizens and non-citizens. In addition, as an analytical category, it is a potentially critical, dynamic, multicultural, and one auxiliary concept for the establishment of socio-historical ruptures where the protagonists use to be the social movements. In this sense, the text exposes two examples of acts of citizenship by the Afghan communities in Iran, despite the fact of discrimination and racism against them in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and it traces how these practices are useful to remodel not only the occupation of public space, but also the very same framework of rights and responsibilities. ; El texto defiende que la ciudadanía no sólo se expresa a través del vínculo jurídico que une a las personas con el Estado para producir un catálogo de derechos y obligaciones, sino también como una práctica que produce nuevos espacios de posibilidad para interpelar, provocar y transformar el orden establecido por el mismo Estado. El texto se auxilia de la categoría actos de ciudadanía, de Engin Isin, la cual piensa a la ciudadanía como una acción de los excluídos de una sociedad para transformar su orden institucional. Los actos de ciudadanía son acciones políticamente eficaces en la medida en que ayudan a organizar demandas sociales o a visibilizar vulnerabilidades de ciudadanos y no ciudadanos. También, como categoría analítica, es un concepto potencialmente crítico, dinámico, multicultural y auxiliar para la ubicación de rupturas socio-históricas que ...

There are over 82.4 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, about a quarter of whom are resettling as refugees. In the wake of the global refugee crisis spurred by conflict, religious and political persecution, human rights violations, and climate disasters, a mental health has crisis followed. Not only does trauma experienced in home countries and as part of forced migration affect mental health, so too do post-migration traumatic events, discrimination, lack of access to quality and affordable healthcare and housing, and acculturation. To address mental health concerns in refugees and displaced populations, collective action is needed not only from health care providers but also from mental health researchers, funders, journals, resettlement agencies, government entities, and humanitarian organizations. The present review highlights the work of numerous scholars and organizations with the goal of understanding the mental health concerns of forcibly displaced persons within and across ecological systems. The present review seeks to bring attention to the experiences of forcibly displaced persons, summarize the growing body of research understanding the acute and chronic effects of forced displacement and possible interventions, and give a call to action for all members of the global community at every level to engage in joint efforts to improve mental health in refugees and displaced persons. Notably, there is a need for more interventions at the familial and community level that serve not only as treatment but also as prevention. Smartphone-based interventions, mind-body modalities, and interventions delivered by lay and non-clinician community members hold promise. Numerous strides could be made in refugee mental health and treatment when funding agencies include these goals in their research priorities. Despite the challenges they have faced, persons who resettle as refugees are incredibly resilient and deserve to be afforded every right, opportunity, dignity, and respect.

The issue of the food crisis sticking out long before the Covid-19 pandemic occurred since 2008 and has become a hot topic discussed by regional and global institutions. The recommendation to maximize the private or corporate sector with the support of global scale financialization to move investment in the field of food production is one of the "goals" of the recommendation to create a large-scale food warehouse called a "food estate". This paper aims to analyze the assumptions of the Food Estate Program in Papua. Discussing the assumption that the assumptions of the offices tend to be late so that the importance level is low, there should be an effort to analyze it before there is a decision making, even if the MIFEE program from the central government. The assumption that the community feels disadvantaged by the existence of the MIFEE program, that the loss of forests due to deforestation and the loss of a foraging culture due to ethnocide has led to the disadvantaged community to give the MIFEE proposal a review. The presence of DPRD and NGOs is weak and only able to slow down the program, not until it is canceled. The government as the upper-right quadrant actor has clear strengths and important assumptions, because it is supported by economic and political plans and is oriented towards economic growth. The conclusion is that the assumption of the offices tends to be late even though the MIFEE program from the central government, the assumption of the people who feel disadvantaged by the existence of the MIFEE program, is that the presence of DPRD and NGOs is weak and it slows down the running of the program. The government as an actor in the right-hand quadrant has clear strengths and important assumptions.

Sažetak: Problem telesnog kažnjavanja dece zaokuplja značajnu pažnju opšte i stručne javnosti, te otvara moralna, pravna i politička pitanja. Po- slednjih godina na globalnom nivou jačaju ideje o potrebi potpunog i iz- ričitog zabranjivanja telesnog kažnjavanja dece. Pobornicima zabrane teles- nog kažnjavanja suprotstavljaju se oni koji smatraju da uvođenje takve zabrane istovremeno podrazumeva ograničavanje prava na privatnu i porodičnu sfe- ru, umanjivanje roditeljskih prava i atak na tradicionalne vrednosti. U ci- lju svestranog razumevanja fenomena, izlaganja u radu su koncipirana tako da se telesno kažnjavanja dece sagledava sa pedagoških, socioloških i međunarodnopravnih aspekata, uz isticanje razloga koji govore u prilog i protiv telesnog kažnjavanja. Autor je nastojao da ukaže i na prilike u Srbi- ji, te da iznese lični stav o načinu na koji bi zakon u Srbiji trebalo da se odnosi prema telesnom kažnjavanju dece. ; The problem of corporal punishment of children occupies significant attention of general public and professionals, and also opens up moral, legal and political issues. In recent years, ideas about the introduction of a complete and explicit prohibition of corporal punishment of children have been strengthening globally. Proponents of the ban of corporal punishment are opposed by those who believe that the introduction of a ban implies a restriction on the right to private and family life and a reduction of parental rights, and also that the ban represents an attack on traditional values. In order to comprehensively understand the phenomenon of corporal punishment, presentations in the paper are designed so that corporal punishment of children is viewed from pedagogical, sociological and international law aspects, with emphasis on the reasons that speak in favor and against this type of punishment. The author has also tried to point out to the circumstances in Serbia, and to express his own position about the way in which the law in Serbia should treat corporal punishment of children.