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A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Luton. ; During the Great War many European armies (most notably the Russian) collapsed due to major disciplinary problems. However, the British Expeditionary Force avoided these problems up until the Armistice of November 1918. This thesis examines how the discipline and morale of the RE.F. survived the war, by using a case-study of the Irish regiments. In 1914 with Ireland on the brink of a civil war, serious questions had been raised relating to the loyalty of the Irish regiments, particularly in the aftermath of the Curragh Incident. Indeed, intelligence reports prepared for Irish Command suggested that some reserve units would defect en masse to the U.V.F. if hostilities broke out in Ireland. As the Great War progressed, the rise of Sinn Fein produced further concern about the loyalty of Irish troops, seen most vividly in the decisions not to reform the 16th. (Irish) Division following the German Spring Offensive of 1918 and to remove Irish reserve units from Ireland in 1917-18. Nevertheless, a detailed study of courts martial (studied comprehensively in a database project) recently released by the P.R.O., demonstrates that many of the fears relating to Irish troops were groundless. Certainly Irish courts martial rates tended to be high, however, these figures were inflated by cases of drunkenness and absence, not disobedience. Likewise, while a number of mutinies did occur in Irish regiments during the war, this study has revealed that mutinies were much more common in the B.E.F. as a whole, than has been previously believed. This study has also considered the discipline and morale problems caused by the rapid expansion of the British army in 1914 and the appointment of many officers, especially in the 36th. (Ulster) Division, on the basis of their political allegiances rather than professional knowledge. Nevertheless, in general it appears that the discipline and morale of the Irish units in the B.E.F. was very good. Incidents of indiscipline appear to have been caused by the practical problems facing units during training and on active service rather than by the growth of the Sinn Fein movement in Ireland.

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 4 Pol.g. 159

This collection of compact biographies puts a human face on the sweeping historical processes that shaped contemporary societies throughout the Atlantic world. Focusing on life stories that represented movement across or around the Atlantic Ocean from 1500 to 1850, The Human Tradition in the Atlantic World, 1500-1850 explores transatlantic connections by following individuals-be they slaves, traders, or adventurers-whose experience took them far beyond their local communities to new and unfamiliar places. Whatever their reasons, tremendous creativity and dynamism resulted from contact between people of different cultures, classes, races, ideas, and systems in Africa, Europe, and the Americas. By emphasizing movement and circulation in its choice of life stories, this readable and engaging volume presents a broad cross-section of people-both famous and everyday-whose lives and livelihoods took them across the Atlantic and brought disparate cultures into contact.

In the early 21st century several conditions favorable for a new theory of international relations have been formed in Russia. New trends in interstate relations have clearly been displayed and Russian foreign policy needs to update its theoretical and conceptual foundations. A new philosophical basis has been formed as Russian IR theory is in crisis. To overcome the crisis, the framework of a new IR theory is suggested. It rests on existing theories and concepts that satisfy the principles of post-non-classical philosophy of science, the concept of Russian foreign policy, the fact that contemporary world events cannot be explained using the previously created concepts, and interdisciplinarity which does not lead to the erosion of the language of science in regard to IR.These sources made it possible to identify a number of fundamental provisions for the new IR theory: the interpretation of chaos as an order with unknown laws, recognition of each state as a self-sufficient participant in international relations, multivariativity of foreign policies, and the understanding of the world as a non-polar system. On their basis, a framework was developed for the theory of a poly-participant and multidimensional world where the main elements are states (participants) and non-state actors. According to the theory, the world has several dimensions: space, dynamical time, structural time, a set of subsystems (functional spheres), level, and control. Balance is ensured by the balance of foreign policies and reactions to them, which are determined by the interests of states, the influence and power of states in certain regions or functional fields. This sets the curvature of the world, which makes it change constantly. In the event of imbalance or a weakening of control, a vacuum appears and it provokes the development of uncontrolled processes. Such a complex structure of the modern world allows us to characterize it as a network that defines contemporary international relations as relational.

French Women And The Age Of Enlightenment presents a stimulating portrait of women at the most crucial and paradoxical moment in French and world history. Not until the present century have French women been as influential and prolific as they were in the Age of the Enlightenment.

Introduction: Soundings -- Part I: New World Symphony -- Rattling Soundscapes of Witch Drama and the New World -- Hell's Bells: Delight in Transatlantic Jinglings -- Interlude: Intercultural Remixes. Part II: Songs of the Orient -- An Organ's Metamorphosis: Thomas Dallam's Sonic Transformations in the Ottoman Empire -- "Drums Rumble Within": Embodied Experiences of Temples in the East and on the London Stage -- Interlude: A Tale of Two Toms: Dallam and Coryate Speaking in Oriental Tongues -- Part III: World Music: East Is West -- "Something Rich and Strange": Global Listening and The Tempest -- Coda: "Songs from the Wood

"This book provides a case study on the ongoing impact of displacement and encampment of refugees who do not have access to resettlement support services, or are resettled in locations of low cultural and linguistic diversity. Following the journeys of displaced families and children who left Europe after the Second World War to seek resettlement in Queensland, Australia, this book brings together the rarely heard voices of these refugees from written archives, along with material from more than 50 oral history interviews. It thoroughly explores the impacts of displacement, encampment and eventually resettlement in locations without resettlement facilities or support networks. In so doing, the book brings to light important findings that can be used to help understand the experiences of those impacted by contemporary refugee crises, and can be considered when developing responses and assistance in locations where there is a lack of diversity or support for refugees. This book will be of interest to scholars and students studying and researching the history of migration, sociology of migration, psychological effects of migration and displacement, as well as demography. Practitioners and policy makers will also be able to draw from this book when considering the long-term impacts of responses to contemporary refugee crises"--

Introduction : decisive moments in global health and the life of a medical scientist -- The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Disease (TDR) -- River blindness and the Ivermectin story -- The fall and rise of Malaria -- GAVI : the vaccine alliance in the 21st century -- Maternal and child health : THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD -- How Ebola created the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

"In the last years the discussion around what is fascism, if this concept can be applied to present forms of politics and if its seeds are still present today, became central in the political debate. This discussion led to a vast reconsideration of the meaning and the experience of fascism in Europe and is changing the ways in which scholars of different generations look at this political ideology and come back to it and it is also changing the ways in which we consider the experience of Italian fascism in the European and global context. The aim of the book is building a general history of Fascism and its historiography through the analysis of thirteen different fundamental aspects, which were at the core of Fascist project or of Fascist practices during the regime. Each essay considers a specific and meaningful aspect of the history of Italian fascism, reflecting on it from the vantage point of a case study. The essays thus re-interrogates the history of Fascism, in order to understand in which way Fascism was able to mold the historical context in which it was born, how and if it transformed political, cultural, social elements that were already present in Italy. The themes considered are violence, empire, war, politics, economy, religion, culture, but also antifascism and the impact of Fascism abroad, especially in the Twenties and at the beginnings of the Thirties. The book could be both used for a general public interested in the history of Europe in the interwar period and for an academic and scholarly public, since the essays aim to develop a provocative reflection on their own area of research"--

"From the invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 through to the waning months of the Second World War in 1945, Fascist Italy was at war. This Fascist decade of war comprised an uninterrupted stretch of military and political engagements in which Italian military forces were involved in Abyssinia, Spain, Albania, France, Greece, the Soviet Union, North Africa and the Middle East. As a junior partner to Nazi Germany, only entering the war in June 1940, Italy is often seen as a relatively minor player in the Second World War. However, this book challenges much of the existing scholarship by arguing that Fascist Italy played a significant and distinct role in shaping international relations between 1935 and 1945, creating a Fascist decade of war"--