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Why the American recovery of the years 1983 and 1984 did not produce recovery in Europe ? Why unemployment on this side of the Ocean has continued rising to reach in 1985 levels that have not been seen since the Great Depression ? Why finally the prospect of recovery which follows the fall of the dollar and the price of oil is so mediocre ?
Conventional macroeconomic theory does not allow to answer those questions. The reasons could be that the variations of exchange rates and real rates of interest were in the eighties so important that they had no equivalent since world war two. The article provides a reconstruction of open macroeconomics to cope with the unusual features of recent developments. It is then possible to explain how and why the shifts in the beginning of the eighties in the US monetary-fiscal stance have operated to contract employment in Europe. This result comes from the consideration of the many supply side transmission mechanisms, heretofore unnoticed, that must have been actuated by the american policy mix mainly through the channel of the real interest rates but also through the unprecedent real depreciation of European currencies. The remaining part of the rise of unemployment in Europe is explained by a reexamination of Europe's own policies.

The Australian Government is currently developing a ten-year National Disability Employment Strategy - a key element to address the National Disability Strategy commitment to increase employment and economic inclusion for people with disability. In April, the Department of Social Services released a consultation paper seeking feedback on its priority areas. Researchers from the CRE-DH made a submission on the draft National Disability Employment Strategy to the Department of Social Services on 17 May 2021. A summary of the submission follows: The feedback is prioritised based on the following: the proposed vision of the National Disability Employment Strategy (NDES); the barriers experienced by people with disability that are missing from the consultation or require greater emphasis in terms of how they will be addressed within the NDES; and monitoring and evaluation of the NDES. The focus of the submission is across three areas: The National Disability Employment Strategy should be positioned as a whole-of-government responsibility. Improving employment outcomes for people with disability requires policies and programs that address the vocational, non-vocational and structural barriers to secure and meaningful employment that are too often encountered by people with disability across the life course. While the National Disability Employment Strategy (NDES) is being driven through the Department of Social Services (DSS), implementation requires commitment to strong action, clear targets and accountability across all Australian and state and territory government departments and relevant agencies to address multi-faceted barriers to work. We need to improve the evidence base on what interventions work and for whom, and under what circumstances these interventions work. An accurate understanding of the availability and effectiveness of the plethora of employment policies and programs implemented across federal, state and territory jurisdictions, is currently missing from the draft NDES. Also missing is a clear understanding of how different employment policies and programs could better interact and collaborate with other systems (e.g., mental health, housing) to more effectively address inequalities and barriers to employment experienced by people with disability. The NDES must commit to address these gaps in understanding, and to enhancing the evidence base about which policies, programs and interventions are most efficient and effective in supporting the diverse cohort of people with disability wanting to find work and remain employed. Ongoing monitoring, evaluation and reporting of outcomes achieved through the NDES is vital for continual improvement Monitoring the NDES implementation and outcomes is essential. This requires monitoring employment outcomes and also barriers and facilitators to the career development and employment for people with disability across the life course, and accessing employment. The CRE-DH has developed an extensive research program around disability and employment. Please refer to the website for more information, reports and submissions on this area of work. Further information https://www.credh.org.au

Review of: A Portrait of the Auteur as Fanboy: The Construction of Authorship in Transmedia Franchises, Anastasia Salter and Mel Stanfill (2020)
Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi, 234 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-49683-047-0, p/bk, $30.00

The main problem in this thesis is how the implementation and impact of the MUI fatwa number 14 of 2020 regarding the implementation of worship in the situation of the Covid-19 outbreak in mosques, prayer rooms and the field in 2 Districts, namely Lima Kaum District and Pariangan District in Tanah Datar Regency.The research that the author is doing is field research (Field Research) and with qualitative methods. The research location is in Tanah Datar Regency, especially in 2 sub-districts, namely Lima Kaum Sub-district which is the center of Batusangkar city with a fairly high and diverse population so that it appears that the representation of Tanah Datar Regency (Batusangkar) and Pariangan District which is a sub-district with a position to the area (periphery). city) as well as the sub-district with the most beautiful country in the world so that it becomes a point of visit from various regions so as to allow for a larger crowd. The results showed that 1). The implementation of the MUI Fatwa number 14 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Worship in Situations of the Covid-19 Outbreak in Tanah Datar Regency (District of Lima Kaum and Pariangan) has been well supported. There is a fairly high level of compliance from the Tanah Datar community in general. This compliance can be seen from the support of various parties in the government. However, this compliance was seen in the initial period of the MUI and the government's appeal, which was around April, May, June and July until the beginning of 'Idul Adha in 2020. As time goes by, today many pilgrims do not heed this MUI fatwa anymore. 2). The positive impact of the MUI decision number 14 of 2020 is a) The creation of healthy living habits. b) Presence of better self-preservation habits. c) Bringing change towards caring for self and family. d) Avoiding the various dangers that come. The negative impact of the MUI decision number 14 of 2020 is a) the stretching of brotherly ties among Muslims. b) The mosque and prayer room are empty. c) The house of worship looks a bit dirty and abandoned. d) The utilization of the house of worship is not optimal anymore.

In 2018, Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg began a school strike that quickly spread across the globe. After a ritual strike every Friday by school pupils to call for urgent action against climate change had gone on for several months, what had become Fridays for Future (FFF) called for various global days of action throughout 2019, bringing millions of people out onto the streets in the largest climate protests in world history. Drawing on unique protest survey data on FFF events across European cities in 2019, this article explores the structural bases of organized collective mobilization for climate justice. Nuancing narratives that focus on either the privileged background of climate justice protesters or the environmentalism of the poor, our results show the heterogeneity of the social composition of the protests, suggesting the need for cross-class alliances for mass mobilizations. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the social background of protesters shaped their attitudes regarding what institutions and approaches can be relied upon to tackle climate and environmental challenges. This suggests an important and under-studied connection between social background and the strategic choices of environmental movements. ; This work was supported by the Scuola Normale Superiore [grant 'Democracy in the EU and the Potential of a European Society' (DEMOS); PI Donatella della Porta]. Martín Portos acknowledges support from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the MSCA (Grant Agreement No. 801538).

Remy talks about Greater Europe, which is a continuity of historical and cultural values of the European continent stretching from Brest to Vladivostok; this continuity has brought together hundreds of nations of the Russian/Soviet world beyond the Urals; their common tongue makes them heirs to the common cultural heritage responsible for their identity. This is what makes the Kazakh and the Chinese Uyghurs different. Greater Europe is also a common marine space; global warming will probably open a sea route from Le Havre to the Pacific bypassing the Middle East. Adapted from the source document.

Examines the motivations and interests of states bordering the Caspian Sea with regard to exploitation and transportation to Europe and other markets of its oil; current conflicts and possibilities for international cooperation. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan.

AbstractOn the evidence of national surveys conducted between 2000 and 2006, there is a declining sense of European self‐identity in the three Slavic post‐Soviet republics of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Attitudes towards the European Union and the possibility of membership are broadly supportive, but with a substantial proportion who find it difficult to express a view, and substantial proportions are poorly informed in comparison with the general public in EU member or prospective member countries. Those who are better informed are more likely to favour EU membership and vice versa. Generally, socioeconomic characteristics (except for age and region) are relatively poor predictors of support for EU membership as compared with attitudinal variables. But 'Europeanness' should not be seen as a given, and much will depend on whether EU member countries emphasize what is common to east and west or establish 'new dividing lines' in place of those of the cold war.

The possibility of holding representatives to account through regular elections is one of the cornerstones of representative democracy. The precise role of partisanship in doing this has not been extensively examined. Using survey data from Europe (2002–2012), we show that partisanship can weaken or strengthen accountability, depending on its sources. If it is an affective-psychological attitude, as the Michigan school suggests, then it weakens accountability because it acts as a perceptual screen. If, however, it is a calculation of party performance which is constantly updated by citizens, then it strengthens accountability. The findings suggest that partisanship in Europe has been quite responsive to performance over the ten-year period. Instead of acting as a screen that inhibits accountability, partisanship appears rooted in calculations of party performance and so enhances accountability. However, the effects are asymmetric with left-leaning partisans more sensitive to the performance of their governments than right-leaning partisans.

The article examines the process of shaping and employment of human capital as a key factor in modern economic development. The interconnection between human capital and economic growth in the European countries is analyzed, as well as the role of human capital for realization of the Strategy Europe 2020. The significance of European experience for managing human capital in Russia is reviewed.

Trunojoyo Park in Malang City is one of the city parks that has a predicate as the best park. The government of Malang city supports this park into a city park that must be visited by the tourists. The problem is trunojoyo park requires a direction of future development by looking at the perception of visitors who visit the park. The purpose of this study is to know the direction of the new design to find the appropriate design criteria in relation to one's response from the perceptions seen. The architectural intervention in the landscape is one way of approaching how to view the perception in the realm of architectural design. In two ways: temporary intervention and permanent intervention, this method looks at how one's response perceives the architectural element as an aesthetic element in which there is an Islamic ornament as one of the objects applied. This study used descriptive research through field observations by giving random questionnaires that were divided into men and women. Analysis and discussion are done by sorting and calculating each variable of choice of the respondent quantitative). They were further evaluated to determine the factors of visitor perception assessment of aesthetics Park City. This study shows that the order and diversity of vegetation, completeness of facilities, security, and comfort of the Park City are the factors of assessment of visitors to the aesthetics of the Park City. This research has benefited from the emergence of new theories regarding the visitor's assessment of the aesthetic City Park.

Use this practical, step-by-step guide on lean agile strategy to harness technological disruption at your large business to successfully advance your business rather than suffer a loss of business. The lean agile enterprise concept is demystified and translated into action as the author shares his experience with both success and major failure in areas such as healthcare, insurance, major airline, manufacturing, financial services, education, and big data. The author shares the good, the bad, and the ugly of enterprise-level adoption of lean startup practices (what we call a "lean corporation"). The book provides step-by-step instructions specifically targeted to technologists in multiple roles--from CEO to a developer on the ground--on how to build a "lean agile corporation" and avoid common traps. Building on the experience of the "lean startup" framework of Steven Blank and Eric Reis, this book takes these concepts to the enterprise level by providing tips and best practice guidelines, sharing "horror stories" and common anti-patterns in a fun and engaging way. What You'll Learn: Discover how you can contribute to your company as it becomes a lean agile corporation and survives technological and digital disruption Beat Facebook, Amazon, Apple, and Google at their own game by using methods they use to quickly experiment with new services and features Understand how to advance your career in a lean startup framework Know how you can trace your company's success to your daily work