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Medical leaders occupy a prominent position in healthcare policy in many countries, both in terms of the governance of quality and safety within healthcare organisations, and in broader system-wide governance. There is evidence that having doctors on hospital boards is associated with higher quality services. What is not known is how they have this effect. Analysing data collected from observations, interviews and documents from 15 healthcare providers in England (2014-2019), we elaborate the role of medical directors in healthcare governance as 'translation work', 'diplomatic work', and 'repair work'. Our study highlights the often enduring emotional effects of repeated structural changes to clinical services. It also contributes to theories of professional restratification, showing the work of medical directors as regional 'political elites', and as 'corporate elites' in publicly-funded healthcare systems.

What problems can private regulatory governance solve, and what role should public policy play? Despite access to the same empirical evidence, the current scholarship on private governance offers widely divergent answers to these questions. Through a critical review, this paper details five ontologically distinct academic logics – calculated strategic behavior; learning and experimentalist processes; political institutionalism; global value chain and convention theory; and neo‐Gramscian accounts – that offer divergent conclusions based on the particular facets of private governance they illuminate, while ignoring those they obfuscate. In this crowded marketplace of ideas, scholars and practitioners are in danger of adverse ontological selection whereby certain approaches and insights are systematically ignored and certain problem conceptions are prioritized over others. As a corrective, we encourage scholars to make their assumptions explicit, and occasionally switch between logics, to better understand private governance's problem‐solving potential and its interactions with public policy. ; ISSN:1748-5983 ; ISSN:1748-5991

This paper is about the challenges that antitrust authorities face when dealing with bilateral monopolies. The curse of antitrust refers to traps threatening the efficient applicability of antitrust policies in these situations. Standard theories diverge about the attainability of equilibrium under bilateral monopolies but share skepticism about its efficiency if it ever exists. We suggest a different approach, based on transaction cost theory. First, since bilateral monopolies often develop in the upper segment of value chains, misalignment between parties may generate negative externalities. Second, if parties reach an agreement, the impact of the governance mechanism implemented must be assessed beyond the usual parameters of prices and quantities. Indeed, the risk of negative externalities in the absence of appropriate governance increases dramatically when "critical transactions" are at stake. With vertical integration prohibited, second-best alternatives in which antitrust authorities leave room for innovative hybrid governance may allow internalizing externalities while avoiding high switching costs.

This paper is about the challenges that antitrust authorities face when dealing with bilateral monopolies. The curse of antitrust refers to traps threatening the efficient applicability of antitrust policies in these situations. Standard theories diverge about the attainability of equilibrium under bilateral monopolies but share skepticism about its efficiency if it ever exists. We suggest a different approach, based on transaction cost theory. First, since bilateral monopolies often develop in the upper segment of value chains, misalignment between parties may generate negative externalities. Second, if parties reach an agreement, the impact of the governance mechanism implemented must be assessed beyond the usual parameters of prices and quantities. Indeed, the risk of negative externalities in the absence of appropriate governance increases dramatically when "critical transactions" are at stake. With vertical integration prohibited, second-best alternatives in which antitrust authorities leave room for innovative hybrid governance may allow internalizing externalities while avoiding high switching costs.

This paper explores the factors behind the time path of real spending and revenue in the West German states from 1975 to 2004. The empirical approach stresses robustness and takes into account a large set of economic and political variables. Our results suggest that common economic factors and, to a smaller degree, state-specific economic developments are important determinants of state fiscal performance. In comparison, the influence of political factors is limited both in statistical and quantitative terms. Finally, there is evidence that addressing governance problems and ensuring flexibility in terms of fiscal strategy are important ingredients for any policy aimed at improving fiscal outcomes at the state level.

Part I: Sustainable Development, Digitalization and Governance -- Chapter 1: Sustainable Development, Digitalization, and the Green Economy Post Covid-19 in Africa -- Chapter 2: Beyond the Rhetoric: Digitalization Policy for Resilience in Africa Post Covid-19 -- Chapter 3: Politics versus Reality: The African State & Governance Post Covid-19 -- Part II: Natural Resources Governance and Socio-Economic Systems -- Chapter 4: Reimagining Natural Resources Governance in Africa – Is digitalization the game changer? -- Chapter 5: Assessing Extractive Natural Resources and Digitalization of Governance Initiatives in Africa: Rethinking Questions of Decline and Resilience -- Chapter 6: Sovereign Wealth Fund, Natural Resources Management, and the Green Economy: Digitalization, Policies, and Institutions for Sustainable Development in Africa -- Part III: The Green Economy, Digitalization and the Race to 2030 -- Chapter 7: Fostering Africa's Digital Trade in Service and Green Economy Post Covid-19 -- Chapter 8: Green Economic Policies in Post Covid-19 Africa -- Chapter 9: Digitalization of What We Eat and How We Think in Africa Post Covid-19 -- Chapter 10: Sustainable Development, Digitalization, the Green Economy & the Race to 2030 in Post Covid-19 Africa.

Cover -- Table Of Contents -- Part I Prefatory Notes -- Foreword -- Introductory Essay - Public Leadership And Citizen Value -- Part Ii Conceptual Section -- Public Value Through Collaboration In The Netherlands -- Adding Citizen Value Through Social Enterprises - Grasping On Entrepreneurial Opportunity -- Reconciling Managerialism And 'Public-Centered' Administration -- Creating Public Value Through Collaborative Environmental Governance -- Governance And Public Leadership -- The Alliance Of Contemporary Leadership Approaches And Ethical Leadership - An Imperative For Good Governance And Effective Service Delivery -- Part Iii Applied Section -- Public Sector Leadership In A 'Reinvented' Eu Commission -- Improving Access: Analyzing Innovations That Promote Equity -- Public Leadership In Local Government For Public Value - The Role Of South Africa'S Community Development Workers -- Added Citizen Value Through Collaboration Between Schools And Partners To Reduce Early School-Leaving -- Monitoring Social Entrepreneurship In Dutch Primary And Secondary Education -- Service Delivery And The Zuma Administration: The Role Of The Private Sector -- Performance Management In The Era Of Public Value Management -- Universities In Governance Roles - The Case Of Utrecht And The Governance Of A Knowledge-Region -- Do Municipalities Create Added Citizen Value? -- Public Value And Leadership As Criteria For Successful Decentralization -- Consolidated References -- About The Authors -- Acknowledgments.

"This paper analyzes the interaction between corporate taxes and corporate governance. We show that the characteristics of a taxation system affect the extraction of private benefits by company insiders. A higher tax rate increases the amount of income insiders divert and thus worsens governance outcomes. In contrast, stronger tax enforcement reduces diversion and, in so doing, can raise the stock market value of a company in spite of the increase in the tax burden. We also show that the corporate governance system affects the level of tax revenues and the sensitivity of tax revenues to tax changes. When the corporate governance system is ineffective (i.e., when it is easy to divert income), an increase in the tax rate can reduce tax revenues. We test this prediction in a panel of countries. Consistent with the model, we find that corporate tax rate increases have smaller (in fact, negative) effects on revenues when corporate governance is weaker. Finally, this approach provides a novel justification for the existence of a separate corporate tax based on profits"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

AbstractIn the field of city‐governance urban labs are being constructed as experimental spaces of knowledge production, innovation and urban governance. This perspective is mirrored in the majority of the literature engaging with the urban lab. However, empirical evidence shows that 'urban labs' are also constituted through imaginative work practices that remain unexplored in theory and practice. In order to address this gap and to delineate how these spaces matter for urban governance, this article critically examines urban lab projects in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We approach the initiatives under study from the perspective of the urban imaginary, which is shaped through three types of imaginative work—branding, dreaming and assimilating. These imaginative practices reveal how the process of constructing and practising the urban lab has political implications for the city. This point is important, as it brings up questions about urban governance and participation, such as who has access to, and who is allowed to imagine and experiment in, the city? In this way we connect the literature on urban imaginaries to debates on participation and experimental urban governance in the urban lab.

AbstractThe present study aims to explore the relationship between governance conditions and absolute poverty reduction in BRICS countries from 1997 to 2011. The study employs Kao's cointegration followed by Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality tests. The investigation is based on six institutional measures of governance conditions (government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence, control of corruption, voice and accountability, regulatory quality, and rule of law) that explain how the poverty rate could be speeded up by deep‐rooted poor institutional quality. The study's major finding shows that rule of law is the significant governance condition that directly helps in poverty reduction in BRICS countries. Other governance conditions affect poverty rates via income and distribution effects. This supports the assertion that strict compliance to the rule of law is the significant governance condition for poverty reduction. Whereas, in the short‐run only economic growth significantly contribute to absolute poverty reduction. Therefore, BRICS countries should focus on growth‐enhancing sectors and strict compliance with the rule of law to achieve lower poverty rates.

The creation of European Union agencies has prompted normative and theoretical discussions about their accountability and democratic legitimacy. This study examines the extent to which different features concerning the institutional design of agencies incentivize information provision on their performance. To do so, it measures four aspects for which their governing bodies are expected to provide information: governance decisions, policy performance, financial issues, and interactions with stakeholders. Using a new data set of informative statements included in 199 annual activity reports of 29 agencies during the period 2010–2016, this study demonstrates that formal accountability positively affects information provision on governance and policy issues, and that the establishment of scientific bodies within agencies improves information provision on governance aspects, policy performance and their interactions with stakeholders. Finally, this article finds that agencies that perform more direct regulation are subject to greater transparency demands about their governance decisions and stakeholder interactions. Points for practitioners The study provides practitioners with an analytical tool for assessing the provision of information about the decisions and actions of management boards on governance issues, policy performance, financial aspects and their interactions with stakeholders.

This paper considers the factors influencing the comparative performance of state-owned and privately-owned enterprises (SOE/POE). The economics literature has argued that firm performance is influenced by governance arrangements, leading to expectations of inferior performance from SOEs. Meanwhile, a political economy literature classifies countries according to the model of state engagement, which also has implications for SOE performance. We combine these two frameworks to provide a taxonomy. The first framework relating to governance concerns the relationship between owners and managers, the relationship between large and small owners, and the functioning of the managerial labour market. The second framework considers three types of model of state engagement: the Welfare State, the Developmental State, and the Predatory State. Each of the six resulting taxonomies yields distinct outcomes in terms of SOE versus POE performance. In all models, SOEs perform better in a better governance environment than in a worse governance environment, and this ranking is the same in Welfare States and Predatory States. However, in Developmental States with strong governance, SOEs may outperform POEs if they can benefit from superior state resources.

The use of information technology in government processes can improve efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and accountability in government administration. At the local government agencies there are several obstacles, namely the lack of optimal supervision from the informatics section in the implementation of IT Governance, because it is done if there are complaints from other parts of the IT services and the lack of planning and alignment of the Information Technology strategy with the agency strategy. Therefore, measurement of COBIT process maturity model is needed to determine the condition of the IT process maturity model in government agencies today. The implementation of good IT governance is expected to ensure that IT investment has contributed to the progress of the institution. This research results in recommendations for improvement and improvement of information technology governance in the offices of government agencies. In this study, the conclusion of maturity level in the domain PO2 = 2.4, PO3 = 2.5, PO10 = 2.5, ME1 = 2.5 and ME4 = 2.7, so that governance at local government agencies is at level 2.5 (Defined Process). Keywords: COBIT, IT Governance, Maturity Level

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has grown in stature as a key component of many national natural resource and rural development governance systems. Despite their growth, the integrity of CBNRM governance systems has rarely been analysed in a national context. To enhance dialogue about how best to design and deploy such systems nationally, this paper analyses the Australian system in detail. The Australian system was selected because the nation has a globally recognised and strong history of CBNRM approaches. We first contextualise the international emergence of national CBRM governance systems before analysing the Australian system. We find that a theoretically informed approach recognising regions as the anchors in brokering multi-scale CBNRM was applied between 2000 and 2007. Subsequent policy, while strengthening indigenous roles, has tended to weaken regional brokering, Commonwealth–state cooperation and research collaboration. Our findings and consequent emerging lessons can inform Australian policy makers and other nations looking to establish (or to reform existing) CBNRM governance systems. Equally, the research approach taken represents the application of an emerging new theoretical framework for analysing complex governance systems.