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In 2013, the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council funded a 4-year project on the editorial and commercial history of the world's oldest-surviving scholarly journal ('Publishing the Philosophical Transactions: a social, cultural and economic history of a learned journal, 1665-2015', AH/K001841). The project is led by Dr Aileen Fyfe at the University of St Andrews in partnership with the Royal Society. The project team convened a workshop at the Royal Society, 22 April 2016, on 'The Politics of Academic Publishing, 1950-2016'. This briefing paper is informed by the contributions of those who attended that day, and we thank them for their insights. The authors of this briefing paper are a sub-group of those who attended the April 2016 workshop. This report is based upon the primary (historical) research of the Philosophical Transactions project team, combined with a literature review, and the expertise of the other authors (principally in higher education research, and in scholarly communication).

Vicarious liability may be determined as the liability of one party for the damage caused by a third party. Unlike personal liability, a person is responsible for the damage who is not guilty and is not involved in the occurrence of the harm. It is believed that it is unfair to impose the liability to a person for a harmful action of others; however, it is considered that this rule serves to the principles of fairness. 21 The legal principle of vicarious liability is accepted in society. This is the occurrence when unification of the risk and interest takes place. A person who engages another person for fulfilling his/her goals easily determines the result. Accordingly, the probability of the occurrence of damage by the agent objectively increases.22 In this regard, it is paramount to define the preconditions according to which, responsible persons are determined for indemnification. This issue is differently regulated under Georgian and foreign legislations.

Over the last decades states of origin have increasingly adopted policies to keep political, economic or political ties with their emigrants (i.e. non-resident citizens). These emigrant policies vary among different countries and include programs as diverse as return policies, dual citizenship, the stimulation of remittances and the creation of government agencies to administer emigrant issues. The Emigrant Policies Index (EMIX) is a valuable tool to order and structure the emigrant policies adopted (up to the end of 2015) by 22 states of origin in Latin America and the Caribbean. It includes information about 102 policy indicators, grouped hierarchically along 12 dimensions and two components. The EMIX can be a useful tool for policymakers as well as academics working on migration. It aims at contributing to the development of this field by providing a clear conceptualization of emigrant policies, as well as empirically based data that allows users to draw comparisons across countries.

In the last 22 years, research on diversity in teams has been propelled by information processing and social categorization theories, and more recently, by theories of disparity/(in)justice and access to external networks. These theories stress different diversity processes, treating team diversity respectively as variety of information, as separation, as disparity, and as variety of access. We appraise this literature by identifying major problems in the way these four foundational theories are used either alone or in combination, arguing that the related theoretical models are inherently incomplete and static. In an attempt to resolve these problems, we introduce a metatheoretical framework that relates these four foundational theories according to the metadimensions of group boundary and diversity mindset. We also propose a metatheoretical model that identifies interactions among the four diversity processes and specifies diversity response patterns to team success or failure over time. Our metatheoretical approach resolves significant omissions in the literature and penetrates into the dynamic nature of team diversity in more complex, temporally sensitive and synthetic ways.

Fostering and maintaining strong collaborative relationships are critically important for paraprofessionals and special education teachers working together to provide a high-quality education for students with severe disabilities. Through in-depth interviews with 22 teachers and paraprofessionals comprising nine educational teams, we examined educator perspectives on what influences the quality of their professional relationships, as well as how their perspectives on these influences converged or diverged. Teachers and paraprofessionals identified five themes of influences to the quality of their relationships: teacher influences, paraprofessional influences, shared influences (i.e., related to the collective efforts of teachers and paraprofessionals), administrative influences (i.e., related to school and district leaders), and underlying influences (i.e., related to contextual or other factors). The findings highlight the complex nature of these relationships and emphasize the importance of supporting teachers and paraprofessionals as they work together to meet the needs of students with severe disabilities. We offer recommendations for future research and practice aimed at strengthening the quality and impact of special educator–paraprofessional collaborations.

Abstract
In the first part of this paper I consider the Gricean account of communication, as structured by the Cooperative Principle and the four maxims. Several authors, including Jean Goodwin [10], Fred Kauffeld [17], Michael Gilbert [7], Ernie Lepore and Mathew Stone [22], among others, argue that the Gricean view of communication fails in as much as it pretends to offer an account of all such human interactions. As Goodwin and Kauffeld suggest, a more promising starting point is to consider the variety of contextually determined presumptions that we make about speakers and that we rely upon in interpreting utterances. These presumptions are established in various ways, and are dropped, or defeated, in certain conditions. In order to clarify these aspects we need to inquiry into the nature of presumptions. I argue that Kauffeld's [18], [19], [20] account of presumptions is useful in this context. In the second part of the paper I look at what this account tells us about how, and in what conditions, presumptions in communication are rebutted.

Objective: This article advances understanding of social work science by examining the content and methods of highly utilized or cited journal articles in social work. Methods: A data base of the 100 most frequently cited articles from 79 social work journals was coded and categorized into three primary domains: content, research versus nonresearch, and, for research articles only, method used. Results: Findings show that knowledge utilization occurs on a conceptual level (related to professional developments, theory, and service needs of specific populations) as well as an instrumental level (such as related to intervention effectiveness). Fifty-one percent of highly cited articles were empirical and, of these, 33% relied on descriptive methods, 45% on explanatory methods, and 22% on control methods used primarily to study intervention effectiveness. Conclusion: Operationalizing the utilization of scientific knowledge in terms of the demand for specific journal articles reveals the content and methodological domains that characterize extant social work science. Six strategies in research, practice, and education are proposed to advance the further development of social work science.

Abstract
Evidence suggests that hospital patients receive the medical treatment they need but are sometimes left feeling depersonalized and alienated with their overall treatment. This New Zealand study explored the lived experience of hospitality among adults during their recent hospital stay. A hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was used to design and conduct the study. Seven participants, aged 22 to 65 years, who had spent at least three days in a hospital for elective surgery were purposively recruited. Data were gathered using semi-structured, conversational-style individual interviews. Participant-validated, coherent stories were drawn from the transcripts and analysed. The findings revealed that hospitality showed itself in different ways to the participants. When present, they experienced feelings of comfort, of being at ease and of being healed. The implications for health care practitioners are that offering often small, yet heartfelt acts of hospitality may evoke powerful lived experiences that benefit the patient, suggesting that caring about the patient is an important element of the healing process.

W niniejszym artykule opisano związek między trójwymiarowym modelem empatii a stylami przywiązania w bliskich związkach młodych dorosłych. W badaniu wzięło udział 120 osób (60 kobiet i 60 mężczyzn; 38 związków kohabitacyjnych i 22 związki małżeńskie). Uczestnicy badania wypełnili następujące kwestionariusze: Skalę Wrażliwości Empatycznej (SWE) mierzącą empatyczną troskę, osobistą przykrość i przyjmowanie perspektywy oraz Kwestionariusz Stylów Przywiązaniowych (KSP) mierzący przynależność do jednego ze stylów: bezpiecznego, lękowo-ambiwalentnego oraz unikowego. Wyniki badania wskazują istnienie związku między empatią a stylami przywiązania. Styl bezpieczny dodatnio koreluje z wymiarem przyjmowania perspektywy, styl lękowo-ambiwalentny dodatnio koreluje z wymiarem empatycznej troski i osobistej przykrości, a styl unikowy koreluje dodatnio z osobistą przykrością i ujemnie koreluje z przyjmowaniem perspektywy. Badania wykazały następujące różnice płciowe: wyższe wyniki w wymiarach empatycznej troski i osobistej przykrości osiągnęły kobiety aniżeli mężczyźni. Nie stwierdzono różnic płciowychw przejawianych stylach przywiązaniowych. Ponadto rodzaj związku (małżeństwo vs. kohabitacja) różnicował wyniki w stylu lękowo-ambiwalentnym oraz w wymiarze osobistej przykrości, w których kohabitanci uzyskali wyższe wyniki.

This study examined high school sports coaches' perspectives about a character-based coach education workshop designed to promote positive coaching practices and transform the culture of youth sports. Fifteen coaches (Mage = 42.07, SD = 14.62, 73.3% male) provided feedback about Positive Coaching Alliance's (PCA) "Double-Goal Coach" training program and what aspects of the workshop they applied to their coaching practices. Results indicated that coaches believed that participation in PCA workshops contributed to the value coaches attributed to individuals, to coach-oriented character development, and to positive relationships within youth sports. The coaches also suggested changes in future PCA workshops. These findings provide preliminary evidence that coaches' incorporate skills acquired through participation in character-based coach education programs. We discuss implications for coaches and athletes, and for policies aimed at enhancing positive youth attributes developed through sport.

In the present study, an attempt is made to identify some of the determinants of disputes in Indian manufacturing industries at a two-digit level. The study covers data on 22 industries for a period of 25 years (1981–2006) at a two-digit level. The dependent variable is the man-days lost in disputes per worker and the independent variables are the degree of trade unionization, real wages and salaries per worker, average factory size and the dummies for historic textile strike and economic reforms. The study is further divided into pre- (1981–1991) and post-reform (1992–2006) period so as to identify any significant change that has taken place in the relationship of the dependent and the independent variables in the pre- and post-reform period. The econometric investigation reveals significant insights into the problem of disputes in manufacturing industries. The study reveals that the independent variables have significantly affected disputes during the time period of the analysis.

In 'secular' Western societies, religious topics permeate media texts of books, films, series and games and such texts even inform several religious-spiritual movements. Critically expanding on theories about 'fiction-based religion', 'invented religion' or 'hyper-real religion', this article studies if, how and why players of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) World of Warcraft reflect on religious narratives in the game world and what influence it has on their personal perspective on religion. Based on interviews with 22 international players, three forms of 'religious reflexivity' are distinguished: (1) religious performance, an acting out of offline experiences with religion through online role-playing; (2) religious relativism, a shift from dogmatic atheism to a tolerant attitude towards religion; and (3) religious quests, an increased interest in religion and active 'bricolage' of online religion and official religion to create personal systems of meaning. Online games, it is concluded, can serve as laboratories where youngsters freely experiment with religion outside the established churches.

Data from an international sample of 392 men who had attended gender-based violence (GBV) prevention events were used to examine motivations for involvement in GBV prevention work. Participants responded to an online survey (available in English, French, and Spanish). The most commonly reported reasons for involvement included concern for related social justice issues (87 percent), exposure to the issue of violence through work (70 percent), hearing a moving story about domestic or sexual violence (59 percent), and disclosure of abuse from someone close to the participant (55 percent). Using a latent class analysis, we identified four profiles of men's motivations: low personal connection (22 percent), empathetic connection (26 percent), violence exposed connection (23 percent), and high personal and empathetic connection (29 percent). Participants classified into these profiles did not differ in length of movement involvement but some differences on key ally variables and by global region did emerge. Implications for engagement strategies and future research are discussed.

Trabajo de investigación descriptivaEl presente artículo tiene como foco la descripción de la evolución que ha tenido la "Gestión del arte y la cultura", como una sub-área mayor de la administración. El trabajo se desarrolla en el contexto de las denominadas industrias o empresas culturales. A partir de una comparación de dos artículos académicos publicados con 22 años de diferencia se evidencia el profundo cambio de concepción en este novedoso terreno de ejercicio de la gestión. El análisis permite establecer con claridad algunas de las características fundamentales que debe tener un Gestor Cultural. Particularidades que permiten delimitar claramente su campo de acción, y diferenciarlo de los numerosos agentes que intervienen en las organizaciones, emprendimientos o proyectos mediante los cuales se desarrolla esta actividad. En este sentido el artículo sirve de base para la discusión sobre los conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas que hacen parte de la formación en la Gestión del Arte y la Cultura

The Lynx UK Trust CIC (the "Trust") is seeking licences to conduct a highly regulated scientific trial, studying the effects of Eurasian lynx on a selected site or sites in Scotland and England. This will involve a time limited trial reintroduction of lynx to those sites in order to observe, measure and analyse the effects of lynx on various aspects of the United Kingdom's social, economic and natural environments. Public consultation is a key element of our trial reintroduction proposal. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Reintroduction Guidelines (the "IUCN Guidelines"), Directive 92/43/EEC Conservation of Natural Habitats, Wild Flora and Fauna (the Habitats Directive) (the "Directive") Article 22 and The Scottish Code for Conservation Translocations (2014) (the "Scottish Code") state that an introduction should only take place after proper consultation with the public concerned. Our consultation process has been designed to address the criteria contained within the IUCN Guidelines and the Scottish Code.