Suchergebnisse

The punitive turn in Ecuadorian left-wing politics embodies a fundamental contradiction. On the one hand it involved extending social rights and resisting neoliberalism. On the other hand, punitive criminal justice policies intensified. This paper explores what, how, when and why this occurred to explain the complexity of Ecuador's punitive turn under a period of twenty-first century socialism. Two eras of national policy will be compared. The first is known as the 'long neoliberal night' (the before); while the second is known as the 'Citizens' Revolution' (the present). The Citizens' Revolution replaced neoliberal policies with social development, infrastructure, services and programs alongside the more equitable distribution of wealth. In a first moment, it also deployed strategies and actions towards penal moderation. However, since 2010, it has changed dramatically, generating an astonishing punitive turn. The article concludes that law and order policies in Ecuador therefore do not fit Loïc Wacquant's (2013: 22) description of the 'neoliberal penal paradox'.

The transition of Central and Eastern European post-communist countries followed different sets of reforms with different degrees of success which generated a monolithic debate attitude for decades. From shock-therapy and intermediary to gradualist approaches, I stress the superiority of Bing-Bang reforms to market-based economies from economic, political and social perspectives. In this paper, after identifying the structural reforms started after 1989, I emphasize several variables that demonstrates the superiority of shock-therapy reforms for 22 countries grouped in four specific categories. After the examination that leads to the result that the radicalists won the battle with the gradualists, from epistemological to "numerical" point of views, we tried to propose an explanation for this historical fact and we consider this is due to the superiority of the extended order over the holistic one. Future work is needed to analyse the role of geographical proximity with the Western world and of historical legacies in the advancement of the debate.

There are two constraints in the process of economic recovery in Indonesia. First, investment rate is decreasing in the last five years. This matter happens due to the bad investment climate in Indonesia. Second, slow growth of export rate in Indonesia. At the present, investment rate in Indonesia is only 22 percent of GDP, while the ideal rate is 30 percent of GDP. Another problem, which may be interrupting the economic recovery, is de-industrialization. The sign of de-industrialization occur by relocation phenomena of FDIfrom Indonesia. This research analyze the effects of direct investment and export to GDP. The tool of analyses of this research is econometric model known as Error Correc­tion Models. The results shows that in a long term and short term, export and direct investment do not have a significant effect to GDP. It shows that Indonesia do not have a clear policy about export and investment. The policy implications of this research are government should have a deregulation policy in the industry and recover investment climate.

Since the entry into force of the "EU-Turkey Deal" on 20 March 2016, the Greek Hotspots have fundamentally transformed their function from the initial reception centres they were originally intended to be, to deportation centres. This follows from the first formulation of the statement published as a press release. Under the statement, persons who cross irregularly from Turkey to Greece after 20 March 2016 are to be returned to Turkey. The Supreme Administrative Court of Greece "Council of State" (CoS) ruled on 22 September 2017 that Turkey is a so-called "safe third country" in two cases of Syrian refugees seeking international protection to the eastern Aegean islands coming from Turkey. They moved to the CoS following a negative decision by the Greek Asylum Authority. Although the judgment concerns individual cases, it is groundbreaking. It mainly concerns the legality of accelerated border procedures implemented in the Hotspots, the integration of the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) and the concept of the "safe third country".

Objective: To gauge the general population's knowledge and attitude towards a possible public health insurance scheme.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April to May 2015, and comprised permanent residents of the city. Convenience sampling was used. Data was collected via questionnaires. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.Results: There were 340 participants in the study with an overall mean age of 32.9±12.4 years. Besides, 159(46.8%) participants were aware of the concept of medical insurance while the correct definition was identified by 160(50.5%) respondents. Overall, 256(75.3%) participants were willing to join a theoretical public health insurance scheme. Of all the respondents, 107(31.5%) had faced a catastrophic event in the past and consequently were more willing to join. Of those unsure or not willing to join, 33(37.9%) respondents identified lack of trust in government programmes as the main reason for their choice.CONCLUSIONS: A large majority of adults had a favourable attitude towards the implementation of a possible public health insurance scheme.

The Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) Regulation has conferred prudential tasks to the European Central Bank (ECB) which it shall carry out within a SSM composed of the ECB and national competent authorities (NCAs). This article assesses the legal feasibility to attach conditions and obligations in ECB supervisory decisions. It looks at other areas of EU administrative law (merger control and State aid law), assesses the ECJ Atradius (C-18/14) judgment in the area of insurance supervision and argues that conditions and/or obligations are ancillary provisions that can be included in ECB supervisory decisions as a matter of EU law. The article evaluates also the impact of the inclusion of conditions and/or obligations on the right to be heard under art.22 SSM Regulation. While conditions and obligations may have adverse effects, the article examines to what extent the right to be heard applies in cases the ECB includes conditions and/or obligations in ECB supervisory decisions.

Implementation of law number 22 in the year of 1999 on regional autonomy has changed the management of government of Indonesia, both on the national scale and on a regional one. One of thegovernment institutions that got its impact is Family Planning Program. This program has implications, not only to advisor's attitudes and work behaviors, such as job performance and working motivation but also to government commitment on the reception and implementation of this program namely formation of family planning institutions at theregional level.One of the attitudes indicated by the advisor in the form of complaints related to salary wages and operating costs are not considered balance with the workload that causes themotivation and performance of work decrease. Other phenomena are to turn over the workers in the family planning and other government institutions. Accumulation of these could be the cue of advisors' weak commitment towards their institutions. Implications: This study can provide an understanding of job satisfaction and increase the extension's commitment in performing its duties.

Der Artikel beschreibt und fasst die Auswirkungen der Wiedervereinigung auf das deutsche Parteiensystem nach 1990 zusammen. Zu den wichtigsten Konsequenzen der Vereinigung gehören: 1) die Entstehung einer neuen Partei (die PDS, seit 2007 Die Linke), welche die Interessen der Ostdeutschen Bevölkerung vertrat; 2) darauffolgende Bildung einer Fünfparteiensystem nach 1990; 3) unterschiedliche Wahlpräferenzen der West- und Ostdeutschen und die Herausbildung eines spezifischen regionalen Parteiensystems in den neuen Bundesländern (das Modell 3+, d.h. CDU, SPD, PSD/Die Linke + eventuell andere Parteien); 4) die Abschwächung beider großen Volksparteien und Verlust ihrer Dominanzposition innerhalb des deutschen Parteiensystems nach der Bundestagswahl 2009; 5) Relevanzverlust der FDP; 6) größere Veränderungsdynamik auf der deutschen politischen Szene. Das Ergebnis der Bundestagswahlen vom 22. September 2013 brachte große Veränderungen auf der politischen Szene Deutschlands. Beide Volksparteien, insbesondere CDU/CSU, gewannen zum Teil die verlorenen Positionen zurück, hauptsächlich auf Kosten der mittleren Parteien, FDP befand sich zum ersten Mal außer Bundestag und auf der deutschen politischen Szene erschien eine neue Partei – AfD. Nach der Wahl entstand das Modell 4+2 (vier Parteien: CDU/CSU, SPD, Die Linke und die Grünen, die im Bundestag vertreten sind + FDP und AfD, die knapp unter Sperrklausel waren) und die Große Koalition von CDU/CSU und SPD übernahm die Macht. Diese Konstellation schien eine Zeit lang beständig zu sein. Dennoch wurde die Position der beiden regierenden Parteien (insbesondere der CDU) seit dem Ausbruch der Migrationskrise abgeschwächt und der Einfluss der AfD, die konsequent gegen die Willkommenspolitik der Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel opponieren, wurde allmählich stärker.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the practices of Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS - Permanent Education in Health) and its repercussions on the work process of the involved actors. Method: This is a qualitative study, developed in two phases: mapping of EPS experiments in Minas Gerais and visits and interviews with nine managers, 22 coordinators and 18 professionals from ten selected municipalities. The first phase occurred from March to October 2014 and the second from March to June 2015. The material was analyzed under the prism of Critical Discourse Analysis. Results: The denomination of educational actions as training still prevails among professionals, contrary to national politics. However, it was possible to identify EPS signs in the professionals' daily life, indicating changes in the work process. Conclusion: There is evidence of a process of transformation of educational practices mobilized by EPS, despite the hegemonic model of education in the field of health work. Implications for practice: This is the need to problematize the daily work process in health.

International audience ; 21 Terminos Lagoon is a 2000 km 2 wide coastal lagoon linked to the largest river catchment in Mesoamerica. Economic 22 development, together with its ecological importance, led the Mexican government to pronounce Terminos Lagoon and 23 its surrounding wetlands as a Federal protected area for flora and fauna in 1994. It is characterized by small temperature 24 fluctuations but with two distinct seasons (wet and dry) that control the biological, geochemical and physical processes 25 and components. This paper presents a review of available information on Terminos Lagoon. The review shows that 26 diversity of benthic communities is structured by the balance between marine and riverine inputs and that this 27 structuration strongly influences the benthic metabolism and its coupling with the biogeochemistry of the water column. 28 The paper also presents a number of specific drivers and recommendations for a long term environmental survey strategy 29 in the context of expected Global Change in the Centro America region. 30 31

The research is based on socio-economic change of Kedungrejo fishermen Muncar districts Banyuwangi. Government policies are related to UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 about local government authority for te management of natural resources that have the impact to the living of communities of fishermen. The research has purposed to know about socio-economic changes of Kedungrejo Fishermen that related to the causes and forms of change of that communities.The method that used in the research is the method of writing history with heuristic stage, critic, interpretation, and historiography. The government policies as a starting point to change have positive and negative impacts.The change of Kedungrejo Fishermen can be reviewed from education and income to the communities. The education level of fishermen has increased 68,93% on 9 years compulsory education program that implemented by the government. At the level of income of fishermen increased about 30%-40% are realized in the home of fishermen and vehicles owned by fishermen. Keywords: Socio-economic change, the fishermen community, and Kedungrejo fisherman

This paper examined the incidence of truancy among senior secondary school students in Epe Local Government Area of Lagos State and suggests ways counselling can be used to curb the problem. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study and the design was Ex-post Facto. The sample size was 119 Senior Secondary II students randomly selected from 5 out of the 22 public secondary schools in the local government area. An instrument titled "Incidence of Truancy among Secondary School Students" was used to collect data from the respondents. It had face and content validity through expert judgement and the reliability coefficient was 0.73. The data obtained was analyzed with the Z-test statistics. The results indicated that there is no significant difference between male and female students; urban and rural students and students from high and low socio-economic status homes in their indulgence in truancy. It was recommended that Form Masters/Mistresses should be more objective in taking class attendance and refer truants to guidance counsellors.

International audience ; 21 Terminos Lagoon is a 2000 km 2 wide coastal lagoon linked to the largest river catchment in Mesoamerica. Economic 22 development, together with its ecological importance, led the Mexican government to pronounce Terminos Lagoon and 23 its surrounding wetlands as a Federal protected area for flora and fauna in 1994. It is characterized by small temperature 24 fluctuations but with two distinct seasons (wet and dry) that control the biological, geochemical and physical processes 25 and components. This paper presents a review of available information on Terminos Lagoon. The review shows that 26 diversity of benthic communities is structured by the balance between marine and riverine inputs and that this 27 structuration strongly influences the benthic metabolism and its coupling with the biogeochemistry of the water column. 28 The paper also presents a number of specific drivers and recommendations for a long term environmental survey strategy 29 in the context of expected Global Change in the Centro America region. 30 31

Lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Otonomi Daerah yang kemudian direvisi menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah seakan-akan menjadi angin segar setelah sentralistik Orde Baru runtuh. Di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia khususnya Jawa Barat beramai-ramai menerapkan kebijakan berbasis keagamaan yang dikenal dengan Perda Syari'ah, salah satunya adalah di wilayah Indramayu Jawa Barat. Meskipun kemunculannya masih debatable dan kontraproduktif mengingat kompleksitas aspek keagamaan yang dimiliki suatu daerah berbeda-beda. Namun hal ini dijadikan sebagai peluang dalam menciptakan strategi baru dan mengubah cita-cita lama yang dinilai gagal terealisasikan, yaitu dengan menggeser arah perjuangan dari tingkat pusat ketingkat lokal state (daerah Kota Madya/Kabupaten). Sebagai upaya formalisasi syariat Islam, apakah Perda Syari'ah di Indramayu yang telah dilegislasikan sejalan dengan makna syari'ah itu sendiri? apakah substansi dari aturan-aturannya sesuai dengan agenda cita-cita demokrasi ke depan atau justru memicu permasalahan lain? selanjutnya bagaimana Perda Syariah di Indramayu ditinjau berdasarkan teori hukum?

In 2013, the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council funded a 4-year project on the editorial and commercial history of the world's oldest-surviving scholarly journal ('Publishing the Philosophical Transactions: a social, cultural and economic history of a learned journal, 1665-2015', AH/K001841). The project is led by Dr Aileen Fyfe at the University of St Andrews in partnership with the Royal Society. The project team convened a workshop at the Royal Society, 22 April 2016, on 'The Politics of Academic Publishing, 1950-2016'. This briefing paper is informed by the contributions of those who attended that day, and we thank them for their insights. The authors of this briefing paper are a sub-group of those who attended the April 2016 workshop. This report is based upon the primary (historical) research of the Philosophical Transactions project team, combined with a literature review, and the expertise of the other authors (principally in higher education research, and in scholarly communication).