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The demands for academic research placed on contemporary universities are closely related to the levels of innovative research they are expected to produce. Concurrently, both governments and university management strive to make the production of academic research more cost-efficient and have implemented measures to ensure this. Top-down policies influenced by the concepts of new public management and managerialism have been introduced, pushing for competitiveness and increased performativity in academic research setups. These policies and guidelines have been criticised by academics as having eroded collegiality and autonomy, which are considered necessary to achieve quality research. The focus of this study is on the social sciences and aligns with this critique, demonstrating that autonomy and collegiality are the key organisational features fostering multidisciplinary, collaborative and riskier research agendas that lead to breakthroughs. Academics with high levels of organisational commitment are more likely to create research agendas that assume more conservative, discipline-bound and risk-averse traits, with less potential to achieve the intended innovative research outcomes. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Reasons why it has come to dominate some sectors of U.S. agriculture; influence of technical economies of scale. Partial contents: The development of contract farming; The impact of technology on contract farming; Determinants of contracting.

Language is a means of communication in a society. According to linguistic anthropology, a speaker is a social actor who expresses certain ideologies through language. Concepts and ideas, transmitted through language, are part of larger cultural whole in the society. Linguistic anthropology deals with language from a cultural perspective. People represent their mental realities through language which in turn is shaped by culture. Politics is a field of power and dominance. In political discourse, power is exerted through language. Political discourse is to persuade or to motivate the masses. Hence, linguistic choices are important to achieve certain objectives. In Pakistan, the general elections of 2013 were unique in the aspect as it was the first time that one elected democratic government had completed its turn of 5 years and lead towards the next election. Otherwise, the history of Pakistan is marked by incomplete tenures of democratic government and dictatorship. The elections were held on 11 May 2013 in all constituencies of Pakistan. People from all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Khayber Pakhtoon Khawah, Balochistan, federal area and tribal area had casted their votes.

Keywords: First keyword, second keyword, third keyword, forth keyword;

A meta-theory was developed that brought together implicit premises or world views that constantly re-surface in human thought. Although these elements, which are often referred to as being the result of differences in human 'temperament', have long been part of the scholarly activity of humankind, a comprehensive synthesis has been lacking so far. In order to redress this shortcoming, an integrated perspective, supported by scholarly evidence, regarding basic characteristics of making sense of life and world was introduced. As a result, four paradigmatic or root intellectual orientations (designated as type I, type II, type III and type IV) have been identified. The theory was found to be applicable across a wide range of scholarly disciplines and cultures. In the present case the field of political thought is surveyed. Four basic paradigms in the literature on political thought are briefly described in terms of an example of each meta-type, namely: the objectivist-empyrean, e.g., Plato (type I), the objectivist-empiricist, e.g., Aristotle (type II), the subjectivist-empiricist, e.g., Rousseau (type III), and the subjectivist-empyrean, e.g., Marx (type IV). DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p2352

The article shows the genesis of the scientific concept "citizen science". Wie most relevant contexts and historical examples of the application of civil science in biological and agricultural industries are highlighted. The results and sociological analysis of the involvement of civil science are shown on a specific example of research carried out by order of the Russian Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies in 2021-2022. Hie main question of the study is how effective civil science is for attracting and retaining interest in science (life sciences in general and genetic research in particular) among young students.

Through the case of salmon population science in the Columbia River Basin, this article explores how political mobilizations can sometimes use quantitative analysis of populations in unexpected ways. In the Columbia River, both fish counting and such controversial concepts as carrying capacity have served as tools not only for conservation advocacy but also, at times, for probing histories of settler colonialism and building alliances across difference. By examining the unusual case of salmon tallying and research in this region, this article argues that while population biology has been repeatedly used within problematic and even violent state projects, in certain contexts it can also become a practice of multispecies noticing and a catalyst for new coalitions. Based on this example, the article raises broad questions about what renewed attention to population biology might contribute to the growing subfield of more-than-human anthropology. It argues that anthropologists have not paid enough attention to the possibilities for numbers and population concepts to positively contribute to movements for more livable worlds. In light of this example, this article aims to foster additional anthropological attention to the situated and context-specific politics of scientific practices and tools.

Hong Kong's political parties are now in decline after the return of the former British colony to China. The decline of political parties stands out in stark relief in a context featuring "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" and gradual democratization. A major reason for the decline is the stunted political party system of Hong Kong. Prominent in that stunted system is the absence of a ruling party. The stunted party system is primarily the result of Beijing's antipathy towards party politics in Hong Kong, which in turn discourages party formation by the Hong Kong government and the conservative elites. The lack of incentives for the business elites to organize political parties to protect their interests is another major reason. The stunted party system has produced serious adverse consequences for the governance of Hong Kong, representation of interests, public attitudes towards the political class and the further democratization of the territory.

We explore the role of "political discontent" as a second dimension of American public opinion. Others have shown that a second dimension tends to capture social and/or racial attitudes. What happens when indicators of discontent are included in such analyses? Using data from two surveys and the ordered optimal classification (OOC) procedure, we scale seven items from the "discontent" literature alongside a larger set of questions that has been shown to capture the two-dimensional structure of mass opinion. Discontent items dominate the second dimension in both data sets. Further, five of the seven items predict voting for "insurgents" in the 2016 presidential primaries. Second-dimension attitudes matter in elections and concern the political system writ large. By extension, the liberal-conservative heuristic gives an incomplete picture of mass political behavior.

THE POLITICAL PRIORITIES OF THE KOREAN REPUBLIC ARE MOLDED TO A LARGE PART BY ITS GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING, AS IT IS SURROUNDED BY JAPAN, RUSSIA, AND CHINA. AT THE SAME TIME SOUTH KOREA IS ATTEMPTING TO BRING ABOUT AN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME- HOPEFULLY WITHIN A DECADE OR SO. KOREA IS ALSO TRYING TO PRESERVE INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS WITHOUT OPENING WAY FOR COMMUNISTS.